Anodyne

Phenobarbital
Generated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk)
Salts
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Sodium
Generated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk)
Molecular structure via molpic based on CDK
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Physical properties
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232.23 g/mol [1]
AppearanceCrystals (3 different phases) [1]
OdorOdorless [1]
TasteSlightly bitter taste [1]
Melting point345 to 352 °F (NTP, 1992) [1]
DecompositionWhen heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/. [1]
Solubility>34.8 [ug/mL] (The mean of the results at pH 7.4) [1]
1.5 [1]
Structural Identifiers
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C12H12N2O3 [1]
5-ethyl-5-phenyl-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione [1]
CCC1(C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O)C2=CC=CC=C2 [1]
InChI=1S/C12H12N2O3/c1-2-12(8-6-4-3-5-7-8)9(15)13-11(17)14-10(12)16/h3-7H,2H2,1H3,(H2,13,14,15,16,17) [1]
InChIKeyDDBREPKUVSBGFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1]
Dosing
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Elimination half-life53 – 118 hours
Duration of action4 hours–2 days

Phenobarbital

Phenobarbital (also known as Phenobarbitone, Phenobarbitol, Luminal, Phenylethylbarbiturate, Fenobarbital, Phenobarbituric acid, Phenylethylmalonylurea, Phenemal, Adonal or Nunol) is a substance of the barbiturate class.

Chemistry

Salts []

Phenobarbital is typically found in the form of its sodium salt.

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Phenobarbital is a achiral mixture

Experience reports []

Legal status []

  • Australia: Phenobarbital is a S4 substance.
  • Brazil: Phenobarbital is a B1 substance.[3]
  • Canada: Phenobarbital is a Schedule IV substance.
  • Germany: Phenobarbital is a prescription only/Anlage III substance.
  • United Kingdom: Phenobarbital is a Class B substance.
  • United States: Phenobarbital is a Schedule I under the "Controlled Substances Act (CSA)".

References []

  1. National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 4763, Phenobarbital. Accessed July 13, 2025. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4763

  2. U.S. Food and Drug Administration; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Phenobarbital. UNII: YQE403BP4D. Global Substance Registration System. Accessed July 13, 2025. https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/YQE403BP4D

  3. Anvisa. RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial. Diário Oficial da União. March 31, 2023. Accessed July 13, 2025. https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-rdc-n-784-de-31-de-marco-de-2023-474904992