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Psychosis

Psychosis describes a state in which perception, thought, memory or belief detach from the external world, manifesting as delusions and hallucinations.

Pharmacology

Psychosis through schizophrenia has long been associated with excessive dopamine signaling, aswell as more recently being linked to decreased glutamate signaling.

Subjective effects

Physical effects
Physical autonomy Physical disconnection Spatial disorientation

Cognitive effects
Amnesia Anxiety Autonomous voice communication Cognitive disconnection Confusion Creativity enhancement Delirium Delusion Irritability Memory suppression Paranoia Personal meaning enhancement Thought connectivity Thought disorganization Thought loops Time distortion Wakefulness

Visual effects
Analysis suppression Autonomous entity Drifting External hallucination Internal hallucination Object activation Perspective hallucination Settings, sceneries, and landscapes Transformations Unspeakable horrors Visual agnosia

Auditory effects
Auditory distortion Auditory hallucination Auditory misinterpretation

Causes

Organic psychosis

Psychosis can arise naturally due to a range of conditions such as dementia, parkinson's disease, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, risk-factors also include psychological trauma, prolonged sleep deprivation, traumatic brain injury(TBI) and giving birth.

Substance-induced psychosis

Substance-induced psychosis, Drug-induced psychosis or Toxic psychosis broadly refers to a psychosis that is primarily caused by the effects of psychoactive substances.

α-PiHP, a stimulant associated with a high risk of psychosis.

Stimulant psychosis also known as Stimulant-induced psychosis is a form of psychosis associated with an increase of dopamine signaling as a result of stimulant-use, typically following excessive use over the span of several days.

Commonly implicated substances typically stem from the substituted amphetamine class(notably including cathinones and pyrrolidinophenones), with examples including methamphetamine, cocaine, α-PVP, MDPV or NEP.

PCP, a dissociative associated with a high risk of psychosis.

Dissociatives

JWH-018 a Cannabinoid associated with a increased risk of psychosis.

Cannabinoids

Ethanol

Ethanol (Alcohol)

Alcohol-related psychosis, Delirium tremens (DTs) or Alcoholic hallucinosis

Toluene

Haloperidol

Treatment

Most common treatment for psychosis both acutely and long-term is the administration of typical- or atypical- antipsychotics such as haloperidol or olanzapine.

In case of stimulant-psychosis or in case of acute agitation careful use of benzodiazepines may be helpful.

Anodyne