{"ATC Code":"N - Nervous system","Abbreviation":"","Aliases":["Thiopental","thiopental","Pentothiobarbital","Penthiobarbital","Thiopentone","Thiopentobarbital","Thiomebumal","Thionembutal","Thiopentobarbitone","76-75-5","Thiopentobarbituric acid","Thiothal","Tiopentale","2-Thio-5-ethyl-5-sec-pentylbarbituric acid","Thiopental ciii","4,6(1H,5H)-Pyrimidinedione, 5-ethyldihydro-5-(1-methylbutyl)-2-thioxo-","5-Ethyl-5-(1-methyl-butyl)-2-thioxo-dihydro-pyrimidine-4,6-dione","4,6,(1H,5H)-Pyrimidinedione, 5-ethyldihydro-5-(1-methylbutyl)-2-thioxo-","5-ethyl-5-(pentan-2-yl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione","200-984-3","Intraval Sodium","Trapanal","5-Ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-2-thiobarbituric acid","THIOPENTAL","Barbituric acid, 5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-2-thio-"],"Biological Half-Life":"3-8 hours","CAS":"71-73-8","ChEBI":"CHEBI:102166","ChEMBL":"CHEMBL441","ChemicalClasses":["thiobarbiturate"],"Chirality":"racemic","Decomposition":"When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /nitrogen and sulfur oxides/.","Drug Classes":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Hypnotics and Sedatives","Drug Indication":"For use as the sole anesthetic agent for brief (15 minute) procedures, for induction of anesthesia prior to administration of other anesthetic agents, to supplement regional anesthesia, to provide hypnosis during balanced anesthesia with other agents for analgesia or muscle relaxation, for the control of convulsive states during or following inhalation anesthesia or local anesthesia, in neurosurgical patients with increased intracranial pressure, and for narcoanalysis and narcosynthesis in psychiatric disorders.","Drug Warnings":"Barbiturates have been shown to cause an incr incidence of fetal abnormalities. Risk-benefit must be carefully considered when the medication is required in life-threatening situations or in serious diseases for which other medications cannot be used or are ineffective. /Barbiturates/","DurationOfAction":"5 – 10 minutes","EINECS":"200-984-3","EliminationHalfLife":"5.5\u003ca href='#cite_note-4'\u003e\u003csup\u003e[4]\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e–26 hours\u003ca href='#cite_note-5'\u003e\u003csup\u003e[5]\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e","Erowid Experience Reports":[],"Esters":[],"European Community (EC) Number":"200-984-3","Formating":[],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0014737","HeavyAtomCount":16,"Human Drugs":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Hypnotics and Sedatives","IUPACName":"5-ethyl-5-pentan-2-yl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione","InChI":"InChI=1S/C11H18N2O2S/c1-4-6-7(3)11(5-2)8(14)12-10(16)13-9(11)15/h7H,4-6H2,1-3H3,(H2,12,13,14,15,16)","InChIKey":"IUJDSEJGGMCXSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N","MeSH Pharmacological Classification":"Ultrashort-acting anesthetics that are used for induction. Loss of consciousness is rapid and induction is pleasant, but there is no muscle relaxation and reflexes frequently are not reduced adequately. Repeated administration results in accumulation and prolongs the recovery time. Since these agents have little if any analgesic activity, they are seldom used alone except in brief minor procedures. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p174) (See all compounds classified as Anesthetics, Intravenous.)","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e11\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e18\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eS","MolecularWeight":"242.34 g/mol","Opticalactivity":"( + / - )","Pharmacodynamics":"Thiopental, a barbiturate, is used for the induction of anesthesia prior to the use of other general anesthetic agents and for induction of anesthesia for short surgical, diagnostic, or therapeutic procedures associated with minimal painful stimuli. Thiopental is an ultrashort-acting depressant of the central nervous system which induces hypnosis and anesthesia, but not analgesia. It produces hypnosis within 30 to 40 seconds of intravenous injection. Recovery after a small dose is rapid, with some somnolence and retrograde amnesia. Repeated intravenous doses lead to prolonged anesthesia because fatty tissues act as a reservoir; they accumulate Pentothal in concentrations 6 to 12 times greater than the plasma concentration, and then release the drug slowly to cause prolonged anesthesia","Physical Description":"Solid","PubChemId":3000715,"Record Description":["LiverTox|CNS|Sedative/Hypnotic|Barbiturate"],"RefCount":6,"RefCur":"","References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium thiopental","Name":"Thiopental","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55186498","Name":"Thiopental","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00599","Name":"Thiopental","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3000715","Name":"Thiopental","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"ChEMBL","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL441","Name":"Thiopental","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"ChEBI","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:102166","Name":"Thiopental","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=71-73-8","Name":"Thiopental","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0014737","Name":"Thiopental","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C07521","Name":"Thiopental","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/JI8Z5M7NA3","Name":"Thiopental","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID1023653","Name":"Thiopental","Sub":false}]}],"Refs":["National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 3000715, Thiopental. Accessed July 13, 2025. \u003ca href=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3000715\u003ehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3000715\u003c/a\u003e","U.S. Food and Drug Administration; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Thiopental. UNII: JI8Z5M7NA3. Global Substance Registration System. Accessed July 13, 2025. \u003ca href=https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/JI8Z5M7NA3\u003ehttps://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/JI8Z5M7NA3\u003c/a\u003e","Anvisa. RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial. Diário Oficial da União. March 31, 2023. Accessed July 13, 2025. \u003ca href=https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-rdc-n-784-de-31-de-marco-de-2023-474904992\u003ehttps://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-rdc-n-784-de-31-de-marco-de-2023-474904992\u003c/a\u003e","Russo H, Brès J, Duboin MP, Roquefeuil B. Pharmacokinetics of thiopental after single and multiple intravenous doses in critical care patients. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 49(1–2):127–37.","Morgan DJ, Blackman GL, Paull JD, Wolf LJ. Pharmacokinetics and plasma binding of thiopental. II: Studies at cesarean section. Anesthesiology. June 1, 1981; 54(6):474–80."],"Reported Fatal Dose":"Potentially lethal blood concentrations are those in excess of 80 ug/mL for phenobarbital, 50 ug/mL for amobarbital or butabarbital, and approximately 30 ug/mL for secobarbital or pentobarbital; however, some patients have survived much higher blood concentrations. /Barbiturates General Statement/","SMILES":"CCCC(C)C1(C(=O)NC(=S)NC1=O)CC","SaltData":[{"AcidCount":1,"AmineCount":1,"Formula":"[Na+]","Name":"sodium","Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 82.269 101.813\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#fff\"/\u003e\u003cdesc\u003eGenerated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk)\u003c/desc\u003e\u003cg fill=\"#3050f8\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\".7\"\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M0 0h83v102H0z\"/\u003e\u003cg 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