{"ATC Code":["A - Alimentary tract and metabolism","A11 - Vitamins","A11D - Vitamin b1, plain and in combination with vitamin b6 and b12","A11DA - Vitamin b1, plain","A11DA01 - Thiamine (vit B1)","QA - Alimentary tract and metabolism","QA11 - Vitamins","QA11D - Vitamin b1, plain and in combination with vitamin b6 and b12","QA11DA - Vitamin b1, plain","QA11DA01 - Thiamine (vit b1)","A11DA01"],"Abbreviation":["vitamin B1"],"Absorption, Distribution and Excretion":"Absorbed mainly from duodenum, by both active and passive processes","Adverse Effects":"Asthma - Reversible bronchoconstriction (narrowing of bronchioles) initiated by the inhalation of irritating or allergenic agents.","Aliases":["Thiamine","thiamin","vitamin B1","Aneurin","Antiberiberi factor","βxin","thiaminium","Bewon","thiamine(1+) ion","βbion","Thiaminal","Trophite","Vinothiam","Lixa-β","Vetalin S","3-[(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-ium","Vitamin B 1","Oryzanine","Thiamine, chloride","B-Amin","3-(4-Amino-2-methyl-pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)-5-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-4-methyl-thiazol-3-ium","Dtxsid2023648","Chebi:33283","Thiazolium, 3-((4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-chloride","vitaminum b1","vitamin-b1","2-(3-((4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-ium-5-yl)ethanol","3-((4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl)-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-ium","B1 Vitamin","PureVita Vitamin B1","Thiamine HCL 100 mg","Thiazolium, 3-((4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-, chloride","Dtxcid903648","Chebi:26948","A11DA01","2-(3-((4-amino-2-methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)methyl)-4-methyl-1-thia-3-azoniacyclopenta-2,4-dien-5-yl)ethanol","200-425-3","3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride","59-43-8","Aneurine","Apatate Drape","Beivon","Bethiamin","Oryzanin","Thiacoat","Thiamine monochloride","Thiaminum","Tiamina","USAF CB-20","Vitamin b-1","Vitaneurin","X66NSO3N35","Thiamine ion","70-16-6","Thiadoxine","Bequin","thiamine(1+)","4ABT0J945J","VIB","vitamine B1","THD","3-((4-Amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl)-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazol-3-ium","Thiazolium, 3-((4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-","[3H]thiamine","[3H]-thiamine","[3H]vitamin B1","1sbr","3rlb","ThOH","Prestwick0_000631","Prestwick1_000631","Prestwick2_000631","Prestwick3_000631","bmse000274","TimTec1_000613","CHEMBL1547","Thiamin; vitamin b1","Unii-4abt0j945j","Schembl10075","BSPBio_000622","SPBio_002841","BPBio1_000686","GTPL4628","GTPL4629","Schembl22129283","Schembl29361686","Chebi:18385","Dtxsid50220251","Albb-038672","Bdbm50373877","STL301841","Akos000668650","DB00152","2-[3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-4-methyl-thiazol-3-ium-5-yl]ethanol","3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium","3[(4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)-methyl]-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride","Smp1_000084","Ncgc00017013-05","Ncgc00017013-06","Ncgc00188957-01","Ncgc00188957-02","ST095175","NS00002759","C00378","Q83187","Brd-k95785345-300-14-8","Brd-k95785345-300-15-5","2-{3-[(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl}ethan- 1-ol"],"Associated Disorders and Diseases":"Asthma, occupational [Category: Airway Disease]","Biological Half-Life":"The biological half-life of the vitamin is in the range of 9-18 days.","CAS":"59-43-8","Chemical Classes":"Biological Agents -\u003e Vitamins and Derivatives","ChemicalClasses":[],"Chirality":"achiral","Classes":["Vitamin"],"Color/Form":"Crystals from water","Decomposition":"When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /nitric oxide/, /sulfur oxide/, and /chlorine/.","Drug Indication":"For the treatment of thiamine and niacin deficiency states, Korsakov's alcoholic psychosis, Wernicke-Korsakov syndrome, delirium, and peripheral neuritis.","Drug Warnings":"Serious hypersensitivity/anaphylactic reactions can occur, especially after repeated administration. Deaths have resulted from IV or IM administration of thiamine.","DurationOfAction":"","EliminationHalfLife":"1 – 12 h","Esters":[],"European Community (EC) Number":"200-425-3","Formating":[],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0000235","Health Effects":"There are no reports available of adverse effects from consumption of excess thiamine by ingestion of food and supplements. [Wikipedia]","HeavyAtomCount":18,"Human Drugs":"FDA approved drugs -\u003e Active ingredient","IUPACName":"2-[3-[(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-ium-5-yl]ethanol","Impurities":"Heavy metals: not more than 10 mg/kg; water: not more than 5%.","InChI":"InChI=1S/C12H17N4OS/c1-8-11(3-4-17)18-7-16(8)6-10-5-14-9(2)15-12(10)13/h5,7,17H,3-4,6H2,1-2H3,(H2,13,14,15)/q+1","InChIKey":"JZRWCGZRTZMZEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N","Interactions":"... High dietary levels of thiamine hydrochloride have been reported to depress the metabolism of zoxazolamine and aminopyrine in rats without significantly altering the oxidative metabolism of hexobarbitone. /Thiamine hydrochloride/","MeSH Headers":[{"Id":"M0021318","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0021318.html","Name":"Thiamine","Ref":119},{"Id":"DescTree","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":"MeSH Tree","Ref":121},{"Id":"PubMed from MeSH","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":null,"Ref":146},{"Id":"M0022792","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0022792.html","Name":"Vitamin B Complex","Ref":147}],"MeSH Pharmacological Classification":[{"Id":"M0022792","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0022792.html","Name":"Vitamin B Complex","Ref":147}],"Mechanism of Action":"It is thought that the mechanism of action of thiamine on endothelial cells is related to a reduction in intracellular protein glycation by redirecting the glycolytic flux. Thiamine is mainly the transport form of the vitamin, while the active forms are phosphorylated thiamine derivatives. Natural derivatives of thiamine phosphate, such as thiamine monophosphate (ThMP), thiamine diphosphate (ThDP), also sometimes called thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), thiamine triphosphate (ThTP), and thiamine triphosphate (AThTP), that act as coenzymes in addition to their each unique biological functions.","Melting Point":"164 °C","Metabolism/Metabolites":"Hepatic","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e17\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003eOS+","MolecularWeight":"265.36 g/mol","Non-Human Toxicity Values":"LD50 Rat sc 560 mg/kg","Odor":"SLIGHT, CHARACTERISTIC","Pharmacodynamics":"Thiamine is a vitamin with antioxidant, erythropoietic, cognition-and mood-modulatory, antiatherosclerotic, putative ergogenic, and detoxification activities. Thiamine has been found to protect against lead-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver and kidney. Thiamine deficiency results in selective neuronal death in animal models. The neuronal death is associated with increased free radical production, suggesting that oxidative stress may play an important early role in brain damage associated with thiamine deficiency. Thiamine plays a key role in intracellular glucose metabolism and it is thought that thiamine inhibits the effect of glucose and insulin on arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation may also promote atherosclerosis. Endothelial cells in culture have been found to have a decreased proliferative rate and delayed migration in response to hyperglycemic conditions. Thiamine has been shown to inhibit this effect of glucose on endothelial cells.","Physical Description":"Solid with a slight odor; [HSDB] Crystals; [Avocado Research MSDS]","PubChemId":1130,"Records":{"UNII":{"Impurities":[]}},"RefChem":"6301","RefCount":3,"RefCur":"","References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiamine","Name":"Thiamine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83187","Name":"Thiamine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/DB00152","Name":"Thiamine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1130","Name":"Thiamine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=59-43-8","Name":"Thiamine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0000235","Name":"Thiamine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C00378","Name":"Thiamine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/4ABT0J945J","Name":"Thiamine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID50220251","Name":"Thiamine","Sub":false}]}],"Refs":["National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 1130, Thiamine. Accessed February 17, 2026. \u003ca href=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1130\u003ehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1130\u003c/a\u003e","U.S. Food and Drug Administration; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Thiamine. UNII: 4ABT0J945J. Global Substance Registration System. Accessed February 17, 2026. \u003ca href=https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/4ABT0J945J\u003ehttps://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/4ABT0J945J\u003c/a\u003e"],"SMILES":"CC1=C(SC=[N+]1CC2=CN=C(N=C2N)C)CCO","SaltData":[],"Salts":[],"Scheduling":[{"gov":"United States","ref":[],"schedule":"OTC substance"}],"Solubility":"SLIGHTLY SOL IN ALC \u0026 CHLOROFORM /MONONITRATE/","Stability/Shelf Life":"Stable under normal storage conditions; it is degraded in neutral and alkaline solutions (even at room temp)","StereoisomerData":[],"Stereoisomers":[],"Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 129.803 66.206\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#fff\"/\u003e\u003cdesc\u003eGenerated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk)\u003c/desc\u003e\u003cg fill=\"#3050f8\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" 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class=\"atom\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M51.135 28.674h-.72l-2.619-4.066h-.03l.03.595q.023.357.023.732v2.739h-.565v-4.9h.714l2.608 4.054h.03l-.018-.327-.024-.476q-.006-.262-.006-.483v-2.768h.577zM55.442 28.674h-.62v-2.286H52.31v2.286h-.613v-4.9h.613v2.072h2.512v-2.072h.62zM57.946 30.163h-1.943v-.3l.772-.779q.221-.221.371-.393.154-.175.232-.339.079-.168.079-.364 0-.243-.146-.368-.143-.129-.372-.129-.214 0-.379.075-.16.075-.328.207l-.193-.242q.171-.147.393-.247.225-.1.507-.1.411 0 .65.207t.239.575q0 .229-.096.433-.093.2-.264.396-.168.196-.393.418l-.615.604v.017h1.486z\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cg fill=\"#ff0d0d\" stroke=\"none\" class=\"atom\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M124.937 3.078q0 .756-.256 1.328-.256.565-.756.881-.5.315-1.245.315-.756 0-1.262-.315-.506-.316-.756-.887-.244-.572-.244-1.334 0-.75.244-1.309.25-.566.756-.881t1.274-.316q.733 0 1.233.316.5.309.756.875.256.565.256 1.327m-3.864 0q0 .923.387 1.459.393.53 1.22.53.84 0 1.221-.53.387-.536.387-1.459 0-.929-.387-1.452-.381-.524-1.209-.524-.833 0-1.226.524-.393.523-.393 1.452M129.243 5.531h-.619V3.245h-2.512v2.286h-.614v-4.9h.614v2.072h2.512V.631h.619z\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#c6c62c\" d=\"m80.839 20.25 4.81 3.538M75.504 20.243l-4.815 3.542\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#3050f8\" d=\"M73.888 41.754h5.95M73.888 41.754h5.95M67.942 45.336l-3.18 4.371M67.942 45.336l-3.18 4.371M25.632 63.549l5.915.628M22.46 40.522l-3.18 4.371M46.571 29.83 43.4 34.189\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#ff0d0d\" d=\"m119.086 4.238-5.457 1.758\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e","Subjective Effects":null,"Therapeutic Uses":"Thiamine is used to prevent and to treat thiamine deficiency syndromes including beriberi, Wernicke's encephalopathy syndrome, delirium, and peripheral neuritis associated with pellagra or neuritis of pregnancy (if associated with severe vomiting).","Title":"Thiamine","Toxicity Data":"LD50: 8224 mg/kg (Oral, Mouse) (A308)\nLD50: 3710 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (A308)","UNII":"4ABT0J945J","Wikidata":"Q83187","Wikipedia":"Thiamine","XLogP":1}