{"ATC Code":"R03DA04","Abbreviation":"","Aliases":["1,3-Dimethylxanthine","Elixophyllin","Theophyllin","Theolair","Theophylline anhydrous","Nuelin","Respbid","Theocin","Theo-dur","Elixophylline","Lanophyllin","Pseudotheophylline","Solosin","Theovent","Uniphyl","Slo-phyllin","Armophylline","Liquophylline","Parkophyllin","Accurbron","Aerolate","Bronkodyl","Doraphyllin","Elixicon","Maphylline"],"Biological Half-Life":"8 hours","CAS":"58-55-9","ChEBI":"CHEBI:28177","ChEMBL":"CHEMBL190","ChemicalClasses":["xanthine"],"Chirality":"achiral","Color/Form":"White, crystalline alkaloid","Decomposition":"When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.","Density":"g/cm³ g/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e","Drug Classes":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Bronchodilator Agents","Drug Indication":"For the treatment of the symptoms and reversible airflow obstruction associated with chronic asthma and other chronic lung diseases, such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis.","Drug Warnings":"When administered rectally as suppositories (dosage form no longer commercially available in the US), theophyllines have caused rectal irritation and inflammation. /Theophyllines/","EINECS":"200-385-7","Erowid Experience Reports":null,"Esters":[],"European Community (EC) Number":"200-385-7","FDA Pharmacological Classification":"0I55128JYK","Formating":[],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0001889","HeavyAtomCount":13,"Human Drugs":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Bronchodilator Agents","IUPACName":"1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione","Impurities":["1,3-dimethyluric acid","theophyllidine","3-methylxanthine","etofylline","caffeine","6-amino-5-formamido-1,3-dimethyluracil"],"InChI":"InChI=1S/C7H8N4O2/c1-10-5-4(8-3-9-5)6(12)11(2)7(10)13/h3H,1-2H3,(H,8,9)","InChIKey":"ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N","MeSH Pharmacological Classification":"Agents that cause an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes. (See all compounds classified as Bronchodilator Agents.)","Melting Point":"522 to 525 °F (NTP, 1992)","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e","MolecularWeight":"180.16 g/mol","Odor":"Odorless","Pharmacodynamics":"Theophylline, an xanthine derivative chemically similar to caffeine and theobromine, is used to treat asthma and bronchospasm. Theophylline has two distinct actions in the airways of patients with reversible (asthmatic) obstruction; smooth muscle relaxation (i.e., bronchodilation) and suppression of the response of the airways to stimuli (i.e., non-bronchodilator prophylactic effects).","Physical Description":"Theophylline is an odorless white crystalline powder. Odorless. Bitter taste. (NTP, 1992)","PubChemId":2153,"RefCount":3,"RefCur":"","References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theophylline","Name":"Theophylline","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00277","Name":"Theophylline","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/2153","Name":"Theophylline","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"ChEMBL","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL190","Name":"Theophylline","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"ChEBI","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:28177","Name":"Theophylline","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=58-55-9","Name":"Theophylline","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0001889","Name":"Theophylline","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C07130","Name":"Theophylline","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/0I55128JYK","Name":"Theophylline","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5021336","Name":"Theophylline","Sub":false}]}],"Refs":["National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 2153, Theophylline. Accessed July 20, 2025. \u003ca href=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/2153\u003ehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/2153\u003c/a\u003e","U.S. Food and Drug Administration; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Theophylline. UNII: 0I55128JYK. Global Substance Registration System. Accessed July 20, 2025. \u003ca href=https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/0I55128JYK\u003ehttps://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/0I55128JYK\u003c/a\u003e"],"SMILES":"CN1C2=C(C(=O)N(C1=O)C)NC=N2","SaltData":[],"Salts":[],"Solubility":"\u003e27 [ug/mL] (The mean of the results at pH 7.4)","Stability/Shelf Life":"Stable under recommended storage conditions.","StereoisomerData":[],"Stereoisomers":[],"Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 66.951 64.951\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#fff\"/\u003e\u003cdesc\u003eGenerated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk)\u003c/desc\u003e\u003cg fill=\"#3050f8\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\".7\"\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M0 0h67v65H0z\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"mol\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M29.224 64.041v-11.39M32.378 46.982l10.054-5.801\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M42.432 41.181v-15.24M39.994 39.773V27.349\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m42.432 25.941-13.208-7.62\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M28.005 19.025V7.002M30.443 19.025V7.002\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#ff0d0d\" d=\"M28.005 7.002v6.011M30.443 7.002v6.011\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M29.224 18.321 19.17 24.122M16.016 29.791v11.39M26.071 46.982l-10.055-5.801\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M17.236 41.885 6.707 47.966M16.016 39.773 5.487 45.854\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#ff0d0d\" d=\"m6.707 47.966 5.265-3.041M5.487 45.854l5.265-3.04\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M12.863 24.12 2.819 18.319M42.432 25.941l11.255-3.62M59.566 24.85l6.336 8.711\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m59.566 42.273 6.336-8.712M57.594 40.838l5.293-7.277\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#3050f8\" d=\"m59.566 42.273 3.168-4.356M57.594 40.838 60.24 37.2\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m42.432 41.181 11.255 3.621\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"M31.165 51.251h-.72l-2.62-4.066h-.03l.03.595q.024.357.024.732v2.739h-.566v-4.9h.715l2.607 4.055h.03l-.018-.328-.024-.476q-.006-.262-.006-.482v-2.769h.578z\" class=\"atom\"/\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#ff0d0d\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M31.483 3.078q0 .756-.256 1.328-.256.565-.756.881-.5.315-1.244.315-.756 0-1.262-.315-.506-.316-.756-.887-.244-.572-.244-1.334 0-.75.244-1.309.25-.566.756-.881T29.239.56q.732 0 1.232.316.5.309.756.875.256.565.256 1.327m-3.863 0q0 .923.387 1.459.393.53 1.22.53.84 0 1.221-.53.387-.536.387-1.459 0-.929-.387-1.452-.381-.524-1.209-.524-.833 0-1.226.524-.393.523-.393 1.452\" class=\"atom\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"M17.957 28.391h-.72l-2.62-4.066h-.03l.03.595q.024.357.024.732v2.739h-.566v-4.9h.715l2.607 4.055h.03l-.018-.328-.024-.476q-.006-.262-.006-.482v-2.769h.578z\" class=\"atom\"/\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#ff0d0d\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M5.078 48.8q0 .756-.256 1.328-.256.565-.756.881-.5.315-1.244.315-.756 0-1.262-.315-.506-.316-.756-.887Q.56 49.55.56 48.788q0-.75.244-1.309.25-.566.756-.881t1.274-.316q.732 0 1.232.316.5.309.756.875.256.565.256 1.327m-3.863 0q0 .923.387 1.459.393.53 1.22.53.84 0 1.221-.53.387-.536.387-1.459 0-.928-.387-1.452-.381-.524-1.209-.524-.833 0-1.226.524T1.215 48.8\" class=\"atom\"/\u003e\u003cg stroke=\"none\" class=\"atom\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M58.902 23.717h-.721l-2.619-4.066h-.03l.03.596q.024.357.024.732v2.738h-.566v-4.899h.715l2.607 4.054h.03l-.018-.328-.024-.476q-.006-.262-.006-.482v-2.768h.578zM58.765 18.256h-.619V15.97h-2.513v2.286h-.613v-4.899h.613v2.071h2.513v-2.071h.619z\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"M58.902 48.304h-.721l-2.619-4.066h-.03l.03.596q.024.357.024.732v2.738h-.566v-4.899h.715l2.607 4.054h.03l-.018-.327-.024-.477q-.006-.261-.006-.482v-2.768h.578z\" class=\"atom\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#3050f8\" d=\"M29.224 52.651v5.695M32.378 46.982l5.027-2.901M19.17 24.122l5.027-2.901M16.016 29.791v5.695M26.071 46.982l-5.027-2.901M12.863 24.12l-5.022-2.9M53.687 22.321l-5.628 1.81M53.687 22.321l-5.628 1.81M59.566 24.85l3.168 4.356M59.566 24.85l3.168 4.356M53.687 44.802l-5.628-1.81\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e","Taste":"Bitter","Therapeutic Uses":"Bronchodilator Agents; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; Vasodilator Agents","Title":"Theophylline","UNII":"0I55128JYK","Wikipedia":"Theophylline","XLogP":0,"pH":"A saturated solution in water is faintly acid."}