{"ATC Code":"N - Nervous system","Abbreviation":"","Aliases":["Restoril","Hydroxydiazepam","Methyloxazepam","Oxydiazepam","Crisonar","Levanxene","Levanxol","N-Methyloxazepam","Euhypnos","Mabertin"],"Biological Half-Life":"The terminal half-life determined for temazepam is recorded as being between 3.5-18 hours, with a mean of 9 hours.","CAS":"846-50-4","CanonicalSMILES":"CN1C2=C(C=C(C=C2)Cl)C(=NC(C1=O)O)C3=CC=CC=C3","ChEBI":"CHEBI:9435","ChEMBL":"CHEMBL967","ChemicalClasses":["benzodiazepine"],"Dosing Info":[{"Method":"Oral","Tiers":{"Common":{"Lower":20,"Upper":30},"Heavy":{"Lower":60,"Upper":60},"Light":{"Lower":2.8000000000000003,"Upper":20},"Strong":{"Lower":30,"Upper":60},"Threshold":{"Lower":1,"Upper":2.8000000000000003}},"Unit":"mg"}],"Drug Classes":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines","Drug Indication":"Temazepam is specifically indicated only for the short-term management of insomnia,. Furthermore, such management is generally predominantly associated with the symptomatic relief of transient and short-term insomnia characterized by difficulty in falling asleep, frequent nocturnal awakenings and/or early morning awakenings. In particular, the official prescribing information for temazepam typically specifies that the instructions issued for dispensed prescriptions of the medication should indicate specifically that patients are only expected to use the therapy for short periods of time - usually 7-10 days in general. Subsequently, treatment with temazepam should usually not exceed 7 to 10 consecutive days and nor should it be prescribed in quantities exceeding a one-month supply.  Some regional prescribing information also notes that temazepam may be used for premedication prior to minor surgery or other related procedures.","DrugClasses":[],"European Community (EC) Number":"212-688-1","FDA Pharmacological Classification":"CHB1QD2QSS","Human Drugs":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines","IUPACName":"7-chloro-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one","InChI":"InChI=1S/C16H13ClN2O2/c1-19-13-8-7-11(17)9-12(13)14(18-15(20)16(19)21)10-5-3-2-4-6-10/h2-9,15,20H,1H3","InChIKey":"SEQDDYPDSLOBDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N","MeSH Pharmacological Classification":"Substances that do not act as agonists or antagonists but do affect the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor-ionophore complex. GABA-A receptors (RECEPTORS, GABA-A) appear to have at least three allosteric sites at which modulators act: a site at which BENZODIAZEPINES act by increasing the opening frequency of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride channels; a site at which BARBITURATES act to prolong the duration of channel opening; and a site at which some steroids may act. GENERAL ANESTHETICS probably act at least partly by potentiating GABAergic responses, but they are not included here. (See all compounds classified as GABA Modulators.)","Melting Point":"119-121 °C","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e16\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e13\u003c/sub\u003eClN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e","MolecularWeight":"300.74 g/mol","Pharmacodynamics":"Temazepam is a benzodiazepine used as a hypnotic agent in the management of insomnia. Temazepam produces CNS depression at limbic, thalamic, and hypothalamic levels of the CNS. Temazepam increases the affinity of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) for GABA receptors by binding to benzodiazepine receptors. Results are sedation, hypnosis, skeletal muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, and anxiolytic action.  In sleep laboratory studies, the effect of temazepam was compared to placebo during a two week period. The studies demonstrated a linear dose-response improvement in total sleep time and sleep latency with substantial drug-placebo differences apparent for total sleep time and for sleep latency at higher doses of temazepam. Regardless, REM sleep was ultimately unchanged but slow wave sleep was decreased.  Moreover, a transient syndrome, known as \"rebound insomnia\", wherein the symptoms that led to treatment with temazepam in the first place recur in an enhanced form, may happen on withdrawal of temazepam treatment. The possibility of this occurrence is in part why long term use of temazepam is not recommended due to worries over tolerance and dependence wherein patients' bodies become physiologically accustomed to the regular presence and pharmacological effect of higher and higher doses of the benzodiazepine used.  The duration of hypnotic effect and the profile of unwanted adverse effects may be influenced by the distribution and elimination half-lives of the administered temazepam and any active metabolites that may be formed. When such half-lives are long, the drug or its metabolite(s) may accumulate during periods of nightly administration and be associated with impairments of cognitive and motor performance during waking hours. Conversely, if half-lives are short, the drug and metabolites would be cleared before the next dose is ingested, and carry-over effects related to sedation or CNS depression should be minimal or not present at all. However, during nightly use and for an extended period, pharmacodynamic tolerance or adaptation to some effects of benzodiazepine hypnotics may develop - which may also contribute to the possibility of 'rebound insomnia'.  Consequently, if the drug has a very short elimination half-life, it is possible that a relative deficiency (for example, in relation to benzodiazepine GABA(a) receptor sites) may occur at some point in the interval between each night's use. This sequence of events may account for certain clinical findings reported happening after several weeks of nightly use of rapidly eliminated benzodiazepine hypnotics, including increased wakefulness during the last third of the night and the appearance of increased daytime anxiety.","Physical Description":"Solid","PubChemId":5391,"Record Description":["Temazepam can cause developmental toxicity according to state or federal government labeling requirements.","Temazepam is a benzodiazepine.","Temazepam is a DEA Schedule IV controlled substance. Substances in the DEA Schedule IV have a low potential for abuse relative to substances in Schedule III. It is a Depressants substance.","Temazepam, like many other similar and related benzodiazepines, acts as a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) modulator and is capable of eliciting a variety of actions including sedation, hypnosis, skeletal muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, and anxiolytic action.  Although the chemical synthesis of temazepam was established by 1965, mainstream contemporary use of the medication did not occur until it's legitimate use as treatment for insomnia was accepted and approved later on. In particular, before temazepam saw regular prescription use in civilians it was - and still is - employed by the US military as a sedative-hypnotic medication to be taken by soldiers, pilots, etc. to obtain the necessary rest required for medical recovery or scheduled maneuvers and operations. Regardless, temazepam has become one of the most frequently prescribed medications internationally and sees millions of prescriptions every year. Unfortunately, however, given its frequent use and the inherent nature of its pharmacological effects, temazepam - like many other benzodiazepines - possesses a high potential for misuse and is genuinely capable of developing drug tolerance, physical dependence, and addiction in users.","Temazepam is a Benzodiazepine.","Temazepam is an orally available benzodiazepine used in the therapy of insomnia. As with most benzodiazepines, temazepam has not been associated with serum aminotransferase or alkaline phosphatase elevations during therapy, and clinically apparent liver injury from temazepam has not been reported and must be very rare, if it occurs at all.","Temazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative with antidepressant, sedative, hypnotic and anticonvulsant properties. Temazepam potentiates the inhibitory activities of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by binding to the GABA receptor, located in the limbic, neocortical and mesencephalic reticular system. This increases the frequency of chloride channel opening events, allowing the flow of chloride ions into the neuron leading to membrane hyperpolarization and decreases neuronal excitability.","TEMAZEPAM is a small molecule drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of IV (across all indications) that was first approved in 1981 and is indicated for insomnia and has 5 investigational indications. This drug has a black box warning from the FDA.","Temazepam is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a benzodiazepine that acts as a gamma-aminobutyric acid modulator and anti-anxiety agent. [PubChem]Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors, which affects muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, motor coordination, and memory. As benzodiazepine receptors are thought to be coupled to gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA\u003csub\u003eA\u003c/sub\u003e) receptors, this enhances the effects of GABA by increasing GABA affinity for the GABA receptor. Binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA to the site opens the chloride channel, resulting in a hyperpolarized cell membrane that prevents further excitation of the cell.","A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent.","Temazepam can cause developmental toxicity according to state or federal government labeling requirements.","Temazepam is a benzodiazepine."],"References":[{"name":"Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temazepam"},{"name":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q414796"},{"name":"DrugBank","url":"https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00231"},{"name":"PubChem","url":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5391"},{"name":"ChemSpider","url":"https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.5198.html"},{"name":"ChEMBL","url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL967"},{"name":"ChEBI","url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:9435"},{"name":"Common Chemistry","url":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=846-50-4"},{"name":"HMDB","url":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0014376"},{"name":"KEGG","url":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C07125"},{"name":"UNII","url":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/CHB1QD2QSS"},{"name":"EPA DSSTox","url":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID8021309"}],"Solubility":"5.34e-02 g/L","StructureBase64":"<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" height="95.811mm" version="1.2" viewBox="0 0 100.665 95.811" width="100.665mm">
      
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