{"ATC Code":"C03DA01","Abbreviation":[],"Absorption, Distribution and Excretion":"The mean time to reach peak plasma concentration of spironolactone and the active metabolite, canrenone, in healthy volunteers is 2.6 and 4.3 hours, respectively. Food increased the bioavailability of spironolactone (as measured by AUC) by approximately 95.4%.","Actives":["7α-Thiomethylspironolactone","Canrenone"],"Adverse Effects":"The most common non-electrolyte and electrolyte adverse effects of spironolactone are breast complaints and hyperkalemia, respectively. Men specifically may experience gynecomastia, loss of libido, and general feminization; the drug is a category C pregnancy drug because animal studies showed that the feminization of male fetuses is a concern. Meanwhile, women can experience menstrual irregularities. One study mentions the following additional adverse effects in order from more to less common: dehydration, hyponatremia, gastrointestinal problems (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or anorexia), neurological abnormalities (headache, drowsiness, asterixis, confusion, or coma), and skin rashes.","Aliases":["Spironolactone","52-01-7","Aldactone","Verospirone","Spirolactone","Spiresis","Uractone","Xenalon","spironolattone","Espironolactona","Spironolactonum","Abbolactone","Diatensec","Laractone","SC 9420","SC-9420","Spironolactone ceva","Carospir","Spiretic","NSC-150399","Dtxsid6034186","27O7W4T232","CHEBI:9241","Veroshpiron","Dtxcid4014186","SC9420","NSC150399","3-(3-Keto-7-α-acetylthio-17-β-hydroxy-4-androsten-17-α-yl)propionic acid lactone","17α-Pregn-4-ene-21-carboxylic acid, 17-hydroxy-7α-mercapto-3-oxo-, γ-lactone, acetate","Pregn-4-ene-21-carboxylic acid, 7-(acetylthio)-17-hydroxy-3-oxo-, γ-lactone, (7α,17α)-","Cardalis component spironolactone","7-α-(acetylthio)-17-α-hydroxy-3-oxopregn-4-ene-21-carboxylic acid, γ-lactone","NovoSpiroton","Novo Spiroton","Spirono Isis","von ct, spiro","(1'S,2R,2'R,9'R,10'R,11'S,15'S)-9'-(acetylsulfanyl)-2',15'-dimethylspiro[oxolane-2,14'-tetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan]-6'-ene-5,5'-dione","Gx spironol","Spirospare 25","Spiroctan 25","Spiroctan 50","Ct, Spiro Von","Spirospare 100","(1'S,2R,2'R,9'R,10'R,11'S,15'S)-9'-(acetylsulfanyl)-2',15'-dimethylspiro(oxolane-2,14'-tetracyclo(8.7.0.0^(2,7).0^(11,15))heptadecan)-6'-ene-5,5'-dione","S-((7R,8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-3,5'-dioxospiro(2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta(a)phenanthrene-17,2'-oxolane)-7-yl) ethanethioate","Spiroctan 100","C03DA01","7α-Acetylsulfanyl-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone","(1'S,2R,2'R,9'R,10'R,11'S,15'S)-9'-(acetylsulfanyl)-2',15'-dimethylspiro(oxolane-2,14'-tetracyclo(8.7.0.02,7.011,15)heptadecan)-6'-ene-5,5'-dione","17-Hydroxy-7α-mercapto-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21-carboxylic Acid, γ Lactone, Acetate","200-133-6","Euteberol","Spirolang","Verospiron","Spiroctan","Urusonin","Aldactone A","Spironocompren","Melarcon","Spiridon","Acelat","Alderon","Spirone","Dira","Spiro-Tablinen","Spironolactone A","Aldopur","Almatol","Aquareduct","Aldace","Deverol","Altex","Berlactone","Mfcd00082250","17-Hydroxy-7-α-mercapto-3-oxo-17-α-pregn-4-ene-21-carboxylic acid-γ-lactone-7-acetate","C24H32O4S","CHEMBL1393","Spiro(17H-cyclopenta(a)phenauthrene-17,2'-(3'H)-furan)","Spironolactone RS","Spironolattone","17-Hydroxy-7α-mercapto-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21-carboxylic acid, γ-lactone acetate","SNL","Aldactide","SC 15983","Spiro[17H-cyclopenta[a]phenauthrene-17,2'-(3'H)-furan]","Diatense","S-[(7R,8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-3,5'-dioxo-1,2,3,4',5',6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16-hexadecahydro-3'H-spiro[cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-17,2'-furan]-7-yl] ethanethioate","Smr000471892","HSDB 3184","Einecs 200-133-6","NSC 150399","Brn 0057767","spirotone","Spiranolactone","Qaialdo","Unii-27o7w4t232","2oax","3vhu","Cas-52-01-7","Spironolactone CRS","Ncgc00015948-02","3-(3-Keto-7α-acetylthio-17β-hydroxy-4-androsten-17α-yl)propionic acid lactone","7-α-Acetylthio-3-oxo-17-α-pregn-4-ene-21,17-β-carbolactone","Prestwick0_000128","Prestwick1_000128","Prestwick2_000128","Prestwick3_000128","SC 9420, Aldactone","3'-(3-Oxo-7-α-acetylthio-17-β-hydroxyandrost-4-en-17-β-yl)propionic acid lactone","Bidd:pxr0071","Schembl20939","BSPBio_000176","4-18-00-01601","Mls001074672","Mls001333253","Mls001333254","Mls002153245","Mls002207058","Mls002548846","SPBio_002115","BPBio1_000194","GTPL2875","orb1310575","HY-B0561R","GLXC-10093","HMS1568I18","HMS2090N21","HMS2095I18","HMS2236E06","HMS3259G11","HMS3712I18","Spironolactone - Bio-X trade mark","HY-B0561","Spironolactone, 97.0-103.0%","Tox21_113047","Tox21_302154","7α-(acetylsulfanyl)-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone","Bdbm50228080","EBC-09098","HB2799","MSK000578","s4054","Akos015896401","AC-4214","CCG-220128","DB00421","FS15791","KS-5234","NC00482","Spironolactone component cardalis","Ncgc00015948-10","Ncgc00164397-01","Ncgc00164397-02","Ncgc00164397-03","Ncgc00164397-05","Ncgc00255229-01","(1R,3aS,3bR,4R,9aR,9bS,11aS)-4-(acetylsulfanyl)-9a,11a-dimethyl-2,3,3a,3b,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b,10,11,11a-tetradecahydrospiro[cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-1,2'-oxolane]-5',7-dione","17-α-Pregn-4-ene-21-carboxylic acid, 17-hydroxy-7-α-mercapto-3-oxo-, γ-lactone acetate","BS166385","Cpd000471892","Spironolactone 1.0 mg/ml in Acetonitrile","Spironolactone for system suitability CRS","Aldactazide component spironolactone","AB00513806","NS00000424","S0260","C07310","C75438","D00443","En300-123035","Ab01275520-01","Ab01275520_02","082S250","Q422188","Sr-01000765419","Sr-05000000452","Sr-01000765419-2","Sr-05000000452-2","Brd-k90027355-001-03-4","Brd-k90027355-001-13-3","Brd-k90027355-001-19-0","Z1546616196","Spironolactone, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard","Wln: l e5 b666 fx ov mutj a1 e1 ksv1 f-\u0026 ct5voxtj","17α-Pregn-4-ene-21-carboxylic acid, γ-lactone acetate","Spironolactone, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard","17α-Pregn-4-ene-21-carboxylic acid, γ-lactone, acetate","Pregn-4-ene-21-carboxylic acid, γ-lactone, (7α,17α)-","Spironolactone for system suitability, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard","2'',15''-dimethyl-5,5''-dioxo-(9''R)-spiro[tetrahydrofuran-2,14''-tetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.011,15]heptadec-6''-ene]-9-yl ethanethioate","2'',15''-dimethyl-5,5''-dioxospiro[tetrahydrofuran-2,14''-tetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.011,15]heptadec-6''-ene]-9-yl ethanethioate","2'',15''-dimethyl-5,5''-dioxospiro[tetrahydrofuran-2,14''-tetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.011,15]heptadec-6''-ene]-9-yl ethanethioate(Spiranolactone)","Pregn-4-ene-21-carboxylic acid, 7-(acetylthio)-17-hydroxy-3-oxo-,γ-lactone, (7α,17α)-","S-(2''R,7R,8R,9S,10R,13S,14S)-10,13-dimethyl-3,5''-dioxo-1,2,3,4'',5'',6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16-hexadecahydro-3''H-spiro[cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-17,2''-furan]-7-yl ethanethioate","S-[(7R,8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-3,5'-dioxo-spiro[2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-17,2'-tetrahydrofuran]-7-yl] ethanethioate"],"Biological Half-Life":"The mean half-life of spironolactone is 1.4 hours. The mean half-life values of its metabolites, including canrenone, TMS, and HTMS are 16.5, 13.8, and 15 hours, respectively.","Boiling Point":"134 °C","CAS":"52-01-7","ChemicalClasses":["steroid"],"Chirality":"absolute","Classes":["Prodrug","Antimineralocorticoid","Antiandrogen"],"Color/Form":"Crystals from methanol","Decomposition":"When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of sulfoxides.","Drug Classes":["Breast Feeding","Lactation","Milk, Human","Antihypertensive Agents","Diuretics","Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists"],"Drug Indication":"Spironolactone is indicated for the treatment of the following conditions:  - NYHA Class III-IV heart failure and reduced ejection fraction to increase survival, manage edema, and reduce the need for hospitalization for heart failure. Spironolactone is usually administered in conjunction with other heart failure therapies. - Hypertension, as add-on therapy, in patients not adequately controlled by other agents. - Edema associated with hepatic cirrhosis when edema is not responsive to fluid and sodium restriction. - Edema associated with nephrotic syndrome when treatment of the underlying disease, restriction of fluid and sodium intake, and the use of other diuretics produce an inadequate response. - Refractory edema associated with congestive cardiac failure, malignant ascites, hepatic cirrhosis with ascites, and essential hypertension. - Short-term preoperative treatment of patients with primary hyperaldosteronism. - Diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. - Long-term maintenance therapy for patients with discrete aldosterone-producing adrenal adenomas who are not candidates for surgery. - Long-term maintenance therapy for patients with bilateral micro or macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (idiopathic hyperaldosteronism).  As spironolactone has antiandrogenic activity, its off-label uses include the treatment of hirsutism, female pattern hair loss, and adult acne vulgaris.","Drug Warnings":"Spironolactone is an aldosterone antagonist that acts on the mineralocorticoid receptor. It is a potassium-sparing diuretic, and hyperkalemia is the most common and potentially serious complication of therapy. Impaired kidney function appears to increase this risk, as does supplementation with potassium chloride. Excessive diuresis can also lead to dehydration and hyponatraemia. A number of endocrine effects have also been reported, the most common of which is gynaecomastia, with a dose-related incidence of 7-52%. This side-effect is reversible and disappears upon discontinuation of therapy. Other endocrine effects include loss of sexual potency in men and menstrual irregularity, amenorrhea, breast engorgement and chloasma in women. These effects are probably due to interaction of spironolactone with the androgen receptor.","DurationOfAction":"","EliminationHalfLife":"Spironolactone: 1.4 hours7α-thiomethylspironolactone: 13.8 hours6β-hydroxy-7α-thiomethylspironolactone: 15.0 hoursCanrenone: 16.5 hours","Esters":[],"European Community (EC) Number":"200-133-6","FDA Pharmacological Classification":"27O7W4T232","Formating":[],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0014565","HeavyAtomCount":29,"Human Drugs":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Antihypertensive Agents; Diuretics; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists","IUPACName":"S-[(7R,8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-3,5'-dioxospiro[2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-17,2'-oxolane]-7-yl] ethanethioate","InChI":"InChI=1S/C24H32O4S/c1-14(25)29-19-13-15-12-16(26)4-8-22(15,2)17-5-9-23(3)18(21(17)19)6-10-24(23)11-7-20(27)28-24/h12,17-19,21H,4-11,13H2,1-3H3/t17-,18-,19+,21+,22-,23-,24+/m0/s1","InChIKey":"LXMSZDCAJNLERA-ZHYRCANASA-N","Interactions":"Aspirin has been shown to slightly reduce the natriuretic effect of spironolactone in healthy individuals, possibly by reducing active renal tubular secretion of canrenone, the active metabolite of spironolactone. However, the hypotensive effect of spironolactone and its effect on urinary potassium excretion in hypertensive patients are apparently not affected. Until more clinical data are available on this potential interaction, patients receiving both drugs should be monitored for signs and symptoms of decreased clinical response to spironolactone.","MeSH Pharmacological Classification":"Agents that promote the excretion of urine through their effects on kidney function.","Mechanism of Action":"Aldosterone is a key hormone in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. By binding to the mineralocorticoid receptor at the distal tubules and collecting duct, it causes sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion, increases vascular stiffness and remodelling, and activates pro-inflammatory pathways.  Spironolactone and its active metabolites are aldosterone antagonists that produce a potassium-sparing diuretic effect. They competitively bind to receptors at the aldosterone-dependent sodium-potassium exchange site in the distal convoluted renal tubule. Spironolactone causes increased amounts of sodium and water to be excreted while potassium is retained. Spironolactone acts both as a diuretic and as an antihypertensive drug by this mechanism. It may be given alone or with other diuretic agents that act more proximally in the renal tubule.","Melting Point":"198-207","Metabolism/Metabolites":"Spironolactone is rapidly and extensively metabolized to form different metabolites. A group of metabolites are formed when sulfur of spironolactone is removed, such as [canrenone]. Sulfur is retained in another group of metabolites, including 7-alpha (α)-thiomethylspironolactone (TMS) and 6-beta (ß)-hydroxy-7-alpha (α)-thiomethylspirolactone (HTMS).   Spironolactone is firstly deacetylated to 7-α-thiospironolactone. 7-α-thiospironolactone is S-methylated to TMS, which is the primary metabolite, or dethioacetylated to canrenone. TMS and HTMS can be further metabolized.  In humans, the potencies of TMS and 7-α-thiospirolactone in reversing the effects of the synthetic mineralocorticoid, fludrocortisone, on urinary electrolyte composition were approximately a third relative to spironolactone. However, since the serum concentrations of these steroids were not determined, their incomplete absorption and/or first-pass metabolism could not be ruled out as a reason for their reduced _in vivo_ activities.","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e24\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e32\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003eS","MolecularWeight":"416.6 g/mol","Non-Human Toxicity Values":"LD50 Rat ip 277 mg/kg","Odor":"Mild mercaptan-like odor","Opticalactivity":"UNSPECIFIED","Pharmacodynamics":"Spironolactone has a potassium-sparing diuretic effect. It promotes sodium and water excretion and potassium retention. It increases renin and aldosterone levels. Spironolactone is a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist and has a low affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor. It also exhibits progestogenic and anti-androgenic actions as it binds to the androgen receptor and, to a lesser extent, estrogen and progesterone receptors. Spironolactone exhibits anti-inflammatory effects.","Physical Description":"Solid","PubChemId":5833,"Record Description":["LiverTox|Cardiac|Diuretic|Potassium sparing diuretic"],"Records":{"UNII":{"Impurities":["(2'r)-7alpha-(acetylthio)-5'h-spiro(androst-4-ene-17,2'-furan)-3,5'-dione","canrenone","disulfanyl-spironolactone","(2s)-spiro(androst-4,6-diene-17,2-oxiran)-3-one","6.beta.-hydroxy-spironolactone","s-(17.alpha.-(ethoxymethyl)-17.beta.-hydroxy-3-oxoandrost-4-en-7.alpha.-yl) ethanethioate","17.alpha.-pregn-4-ene-21-carboxylic acid, 17-hydroxy-7.beta.-mercapto-3-oxo-, .gamma.-lactone, acetate","(2r)-3,4-dihydro-5h-spiro(androst-4-ene-17,2-furan)-3,5-dione"]}},"RefChem":"6256","RefCount":4,"RefCur":"","References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spironolactone","Name":"Spironolactone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422188","Name":"Spironolactone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00421","Name":"Spironolactone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5833","Name":"Spironolactone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=52-01-7","Name":"Spironolactone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0014565","Name":"Spironolactone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C07310","Name":"Spironolactone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/27O7W4T232","Name":"Spironolactone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID6034186","Name":"Spironolactone","Sub":false}]}],"Refs":["National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5833, Spironolactone. Accessed January 5, 2026. \u003ca href=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5833\u003ehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5833\u003c/a\u003e","U.S. Food and Drug Administration; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Spironolactone. UNII: 27O7W4T232. Global Substance Registration System. Accessed January 5, 2026. \u003ca href=https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/27O7W4T232\u003ehttps://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/27O7W4T232\u003c/a\u003e","Aldactone 25 mg Film-Coated TabletsSummary of Product Characteristics (SmPC). February 3, 2022. Accessed January 5, 2026. \u003ca href=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/1619/smpc\u003ehttps://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/1619/smpc\u003c/a\u003e"],"SMILES":"CC(=O)S[C@@H]1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@@]2([C@@H]3[C@@H]1[C@@H]4CC[C@]5([C@]4(CC3)C)CCC(=O)O5)C","SaltData":[],"Salts":[],"Scheduling":[{"gov":"United Kingdom","ref":["3"],"schedule":"prescription only substance"},{"gov":"United States","ref":[],"schedule":"prescription only substance"},{"gov":"European Union","ref":[],"schedule":"prescription only substance"}],"Solubility":"Soluble in most organic solvents","Stability/Shelf Life":"STABLE IN AIR","StereoisomerData":[],"Stereoisomers":[],"Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 126.145 110.993\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#fff\"/\u003e\u003cdesc\u003eGenerated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk)\u003c/desc\u003e\u003cg stroke=\"#000\" 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class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e","Subjective Effects":null,"Therapeutic Uses":"Aldosterone Antagonists; Diuretics","Title":"Spironolactone","Toxicity Data":"The oral LD\u003csub\u003e50\u003c/sub\u003e of spironolactone is greater than 1,000 mg/kg in mice, rats, and rabbits.","UNII":"27O7W4T232","Wikidata":"Q422188","Wikipedia":"Spironolactone","XLogP":2.9}