{"ATC Code":["C07AA05","C - Cardiovascular system","C07 - Beta blocking agents","C07A - Beta blocking agents","C07AA - Beta blocking agents, non-selective","C07AA05 - Propranolol","QC - Cardiovascular system","QC07 - Beta blocking agents","QC07A - Beta blocking agents","QC07AA - Beta blocking agents, non-selective","QC07AA05 - Propranolol","C07AA05"],"Absorption, Distribution and Excretion":"Patients taking doses of 40mg, 80mg, 160mg, and 320mg daily experienced Cmax values of 18±15ng/mL, 52±51ng/mL, 121±98ng/mL, and 245±110ng/mL respectively. Propranolol has a Tmax of approximately 2 hours, though this can range from 1 to 4 hours in fasting patients. Taking propranolol with food does not increase Tmax but does increase bioavailability.","Adverse Effects":"Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.","Aliases":["Propranolol","Propanolol","β-Propranolol","βlong","Euprovasin","Proprasylyt","Reducor","Propanalol","Anapriline","propranololo","Propranololum","1-(isopropylamino)-3-(1-naphthyloxy)propan-2-ol","1-((1-Methylethyl)amino)-3-(1-naphthalenyloxy)-2-propanol","2-Propanol, 1-[(1-methylethyl)amino]-3-(1-naphthalenyloxy)-","CHEBI:8499","Dtxsid6023525","2-Propanol, 1-((1-methylethyl)amino)-3-(1-naphthalenyloxy)-","AY-64043-","1-[(1-methylethyl)amino]-3-(1-naphthalenyloxy)-2-propanol","GlyTouCan:G14011UN","Dtxcid903525","C07AA05","G14011UN","208-378-0","Propanix","Sawatal","1-Isopropylamino-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)-propan-2-ol","1-Isopropylamino-3-(1-naphthyloxy)-2-propanol","CHEMBL27","1-(1-Naphthyloxy)-3-(isopropylamino)-2-propanol","2-Propanol, 1-(isopropylamino)-3-(1-naphthyloxy)-","rac-Propanolol","Corpendol","Inderol","Pranolol","Racemic propranolol","1-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol","1-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)-3-[(propan-2-yl)amino]propan-2-ol","βdren","Inderal hydrochloride","D,L-Propranolol","3-[(methylethyl)amino]-1-naphthyloxypropan-2-ol","13013-17-7","Propranololo","Propranalol","racemic-Propranolol","CCRIS 3082","Einecs 208-378-0","Einecs 235-867-6","Unii-9y8nxq24vq","b-Propranolol","Dociton","Inderal","Obsidan","Propanolol,(+/-)","PROPRANOLOL, d","Avlocardyl","2-Propanol, 1-(isopropylamino)-3-(1-naphthyloxy)-, (+-)-","Propanolol(-)","Prestwick0_000952","Prestwick1_000952","Prestwick2_000952","Prestwick3_000952","Propranolol,(+)","Propranolol,(-)","Spectrum2_001301","Spectrum2_001699","Spectrum3_000883","Spectrum3_001071","Spectrum4_000974","Spectrum4_001222","Spectrum5_000751","(.+/-.)-Propranolol","AY-64043 free base","Schembl3955","1-(isopropylamino)-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propan-2-ol","Lopac0_000896","Oprea1_304193","BSPBio_000944","BSPBio_002682","CBDivE_006180","GTPL564","KBioGR_001347","KBioGR_001684","KBioGR_002515","KBioSS_002523","DivK1c_000023","(1)-1-(Isopropylamino)-3-(naphthyloxy)propan-2-ol","SPBio_001361","SPBio_001658","SPBio_003093","Propranolol hydrochloride; (R)-(+)-Propranolol hydrochloride","1-(Isopropylamino)-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propan-2-ol","BPBio1_001040","ICI 45520","NSC 91523","Schembl12264958","BDBM25761","HY-B0573B","KBio1_000023","KBio2_002515","KBio2_005083","KBio2_007651","KBio3_001766","KBio3_001902","KBio3_002993","cMAP_000071","Ninds_000023","(A+/-)-Propranolol hydrochloride","[2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl](propan-2-yl)amine","Bio1_000367","Bio1_000856","Bio1_001345","HMS2090L21","HMS3428G03","Albb-023324","YDA89723","BBL023437","EBC-26351","Pdsp1_000767","Pdsp1_001607","Pdsp1_001608","Pdsp2_000755","Pdsp2_001591","Pdsp2_001592","STK735510","2-Propanol, 1-((1-methylethyl)amino)-3-(1-naphthalenyloxy)-, (+-)-","Akos000588816","Akos016050338","CCG-103643","DB00571","FE-0204","FP27655","Sdccgsbi-0050871.p004","Idi1_000023","Ncgc00015798-04","Ncgc00015798-05","Ncgc00015798-06","Ncgc00015798-07","Ncgc00015798-08","Ncgc00015798-09","Ncgc00015798-15","Ncgc00015798-19","Ncgc00024690-02","Ncgc00024690-03","DA-57114","ST024757","Sbi-0050871.p003","AB00053537","CS-0069968","NS00000196","En300-40731","C07407","D08443","G60902","Ab00053537-10","Ab00053537_11","Ab00053537_12","1-(Isopropylamino)-3-(1-naphthoxy)-propan-2-ol","L000679","1(-α-naphthoxy)-3-(iso-propylamino)-2-propanol","1-(α-naphthoxy)-3-(iso-propylamino)-2-propanol","1-(α-naphthoxy)-3-(isopropylamino)-2-propanol","1-(isopropylamino)-3-naphthalen-1-yloxy-propan-2-ol","Brd-a10070317-003-06-9","Brd-a10070317-003-17-6","Brd-a10070317-003-28-3","Brd-a10070317-003-29-1","Brd-a10070317-003-30-9","1-((1-Methylethyl)amino)-3-(1-naphthyloxy)-2-propanol","1-(1-Naphthyloxy)-2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propane","F0001-3681","3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)-1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol","1-[(1-methylethyl)amino]-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propan-2-ol","1-[(Naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]-3-[(propan-2-yl)amino]propan-2-ol","1[(1-Methylethyl)amino]-3-(1-naphthalenyloxy)-2-propanol hydrochloride"],"Associated Disorders and Diseases":"Contact dermatitis, allergic [Category: Skin Disease]","Biological Half-Life":"The elimination half-life of propranolol is approximately 8 hours. The plasma half-life of propranolol is 3 to 6 hours.","CAS":"525-66-6","Chemical Classes":"Other Uses -\u003e Pharmaceuticals","ChemicalClasses":[],"Chirality":"racemic","DBI-IGS":["Propranolol"],"Dosing Info":[{"Method":"Oral","Tiers":{"Common":{"Entries":0,"Lower":17.5,"Percentage":0,"Unit":"mg","Upper":25},"Extreme":{"Entries":1,"Lower":37,"Percentage":50,"Unit":"mg","Upper":37},"Heavy":{"Entries":0,"Lower":32.5,"Percentage":0,"Unit":"mg","Upper":37},"Light":{"Entries":1,"Lower":17.5,"Percentage":50,"Unit":"mg","Upper":17.5},"Strong":{"Entries":0,"Lower":25,"Percentage":0,"Unit":"mg","Upper":32.5}}}],"Drug Classes":["Breast Feeding","Lactation","Milk, Human","Antihypertensive Agents","Adrenergic Beta-Antagonists","Antiarrhythmics"],"Drug Indication":"Propranolol is indicated to treat hypertension. Propranolol is also indicated to treat angina pectoris due to coronary atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, migraine, essential tremor, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, pheochromocytoma, and proliferating infantile hemangioma.","DurationOfAction":"12 hours","EliminationHalfLife":"~4 hours (range 3 – 8 hours)","Esters":[],"European Community (EC) Number":"235-867-6","FDA Pharmacological Classification":[{"Name":"FDA UNII","ReferenceNumber":30,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"9Y8NXQ24VQ"}]}},{"Name":"Active Moiety","ReferenceNumber":30,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"PROPRANOLOL"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":30,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"Mechanisms of Action [MoA] - Adrenergic beta-Antagonists"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":30,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"Established Pharmacologic Class [EPC] - beta-Adrenergic Blocker"}]}},{"Name":"FDA Pharmacology Summary","ReferenceNumber":30,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"Markup":[{"Extra":"CID-4946","Length":11,"Start":0,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Propranolol"},{"Extra":"CID-4946","Length":11,"Start":69,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/propranolol"}],"String":"Propranolol is a beta-Adrenergic Blocker. The mechanism of action of propranolol is as an Adrenergic beta-Antagonist."}]}}],"Formating":[],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0001849","HeavyAtomCount":19,"Human Drugs":"Antidepressants -\u003e Beta blockers","IUPACName":"1-naphthalen-1-yloxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol","InChI":"InChI=1S/C16H21NO2/c1-12(2)17-10-14(18)11-19-16-9-5-7-13-6-3-4-8-15(13)16/h3-9,12,14,17-18H,10-11H2,1-2H3","InChIKey":"AQHHHDLHHXJYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N","KEGG Entries":[{"Id":"D00483","Interactions":[{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2D6"},{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2C19"},{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2C19"},{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP1A2"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP1A2"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP2D6"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP2C19"}],"Synonyms":["Propranolol hydrochloride","Inderal","Innopran XL"]},{"Id":"D08443","Interactions":[{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2D6"},{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2C19"},{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2C19"},{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP1A2"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP1A2"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP2D6"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP2C19"}],"Synonyms":["Propranolol"]},{"Id":"D00483","Interactions":[{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2D6"},{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2C19"},{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2C19"},{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP1A2"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP1A2"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP2D6"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP2C19"}],"Synonyms":["Propranolol hydrochloride","Inderal","Innopran XL"]},{"Id":"D08443","Interactions":[{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2D6"},{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2C19"},{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2C19"},{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP1A2"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP1A2"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP2D6"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP2C19"}],"Synonyms":["Propranolol"]}],"MeSH Headers":[{"Id":"M0017773","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0017773.html","Name":"Propranolol","Ref":164},{"Id":"DescTree","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":"MeSH Tree","Ref":166},{"Id":"PubMed from MeSH","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":null,"Ref":196},{"Id":"M0000495","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0000495.html","Name":"Adrenergic beta-Antagonists","Ref":197},{"Id":"M0001326","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0001326.html","Name":"Anti-Arrhythmia Agents","Ref":198},{"Id":"M0001456","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0001456.html","Name":"Antihypertensive Agents","Ref":199},{"Id":"M0022559","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0022559.html","Name":"Vasodilator Agents","Ref":200}],"MeSH Pharmacological Classification":[{"Id":"M0000495","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0000495.html","Name":"Adrenergic beta-Antagonist","Ref":197},{"Id":"M0001326","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0001326.html","Name":"Anti-Arrhythmia Agent","Ref":198},{"Id":"M0001456","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0001456.html","Name":"Antihypertensive Agent","Ref":199},{"Id":"M0022559","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0022559.html","Name":"Vasodilator Agent","Ref":200}],"Mechanism of Action":"Propranolol is a nonselective β-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Blocking of these receptors leads to vasoconstriction, inhibition of angiogenic factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic growth factor of fibroblasts (bFGF), induction of apoptosis of endothelial cells, as well as down regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.","Melting Point":"96 °C","Metabolism/Metabolites":"Propranolol undergoes side chain oxidation to α-naphthoxylactic acid, ring oxidation to 4’-hydroxypropranolol, or glucuronidation to propranolol glucuronide. It can also be N-desisopropylated to become N-desisopropyl propranolol. 17% of a dose undergoes glucuronidation and 42% undergoes ring oxidation.","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e16\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e21\u003c/sub\u003eNO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e","MolecularWeight":"259.34 g/mol","Opticalactivity":"( + / - )","Pharmacodynamics":"Propranolol is a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist used to treat hypertension. Propranolol has a long duration of action as it is given once or twice daily depending on the indication. When patients abruptly stop taking propranolol, they may experience exacerbations of angina and myocardial infarctions.","Physical Description":"Solid","PubChemId":4946,"Record Description":["LiverTox|Cardiac|Antihypertensive|Beta blocker"],"Records":{"UNII":{"Impurities":["2-propanol, 1,1'-oxybis(3-(1-naphthalenyloxy)-"]}},"RefChem":"6170","RefCount":7,"RefCur":"","References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propranolol","Name":"Propranolol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423364","Name":"Propranolol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/DB00571","Name":"Propranolol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4946","Name":"Propranolol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=525-66-6","Name":"Propranolol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0001849","Name":"Propranolol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C07407","Name":"Propranolol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/9Y8NXQ24VQ","Name":"Propranolol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID6023525","Name":"Propranolol","Sub":false}]}],"Refs":["National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 4946, Propranolol. Accessed April 16, 2026. \u003ca href=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4946\u003ehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4946\u003c/a\u003e","U.S. Food and Drug Administration; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Propranolol. UNII: 9Y8NXQ24VQ. Global Substance Registration System. Accessed April 16, 2026. \u003ca href=https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/9Y8NXQ24VQ\u003ehttps://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/9Y8NXQ24VQ\u003c/a\u003e","Inderal (propranolol hydrochloride) Tablets. Accessed April 16, 2026. \u003ca href=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/fdaDrugInfo.cfm?archiveid=298083\u003ehttps://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/fdaDrugInfo.cfm?archiveid=298083\u003c/a\u003e","Inderal LA- propranolol hydrochloride capsule, extended release. August 1, 2024. Accessed April 16, 2026. \u003ca href=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=35d28979-36b1-4630-b85e-a44e0a443734\u003ehttps://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=35d28979-36b1-4630-b85e-a44e0a443734\u003c/a\u003e","Inderal XL- propranolol hydrochloride capsule, extended release. March 20, 2024. Accessed April 16, 2026. \u003ca href=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ac196ff5-9215-402b-bc57-69aa87f8bade\u003ehttps://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ac196ff5-9215-402b-bc57-69aa87f8bade\u003c/a\u003e","Hemangeol- propranolol hydrochloride solution. December 17, 2025. Accessed April 16, 2026. \u003ca href=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=b6f9dd2a-632b-87eb-70f0-b2064d7ed48a\u003ehttps://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=b6f9dd2a-632b-87eb-70f0-b2064d7ed48a\u003c/a\u003e"],"SMILES":"CC(C)NCC(COC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21)O","SaltData":[{"AcidCount":1,"Amine":"Propranolol","AmineCount":1,"Formula":"Cl","Name":"hydrochloride","RName":"hydrochloride","Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 117.402 116.248\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#fff\"/\u003e\u003cdesc\u003eGenerated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk)\u003c/desc\u003e\u003cg fill=\"#ff0d0d\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\".7\"\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M0 0h118v117H0z\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"mol\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M80.257.91v15.24M80.257 16.15l13.198 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