{"ATC Code":"N03AA03","Abbreviation":"","Aliases":["Primaclone","Mysoline","Lepimidin","2-Deoxyphenobarbital","Neurosyn","Liskantin","Lepsiral","Mylepsin","Mysedon","Primidon","2-Desoxyphenobarbital","Hexadiona","Majsolin","Milepsin","Misolyne","Prilepsin","Primacone","Primakton","Primoline","Prysoline","Resimatil","Midone","Mizolin","Cyral","Primidona"],"Biological Half-Life":"The half life of primidone is 7-22h in adults, 5-11h in children, and 8-80h in newborns.","CAS":"125-33-7","ChEBI":"CHEBI:8412","ChEMBL":"CHEMBL856","ChemicalClasses":[],"Chirality":"achiral","Color/Form":"Crystals","Decomposition":"When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.","Drug Classes":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Anticonvulsants; Barbiturates","Drug Indication":"Primidone is commonly indicated for the management of grand mal, psychomotor, and focal epileptic seizures. In addition, it has also been studied and utilized as an effective management of essential tremor.","Drug Warnings":"Primidone is contraindicated in: 1) patients with porphyria and 2) patients who are hypersensitive to phenobarbital","DurationOfAction":"","EINECS":"204-737-0","EliminationHalfLife":"Primidone: 5 – 18\u0026nbsp;h,Phenobarbital: 75 – 120\u0026nbsp;h,PEMA: 16\u0026nbsp;h\u003ca href='#cite_note-4'\u003e\u003csup\u003e[4]\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003eTime - reach steady state:Primidone: 2 – 3 days,Phenobarbital\u0026PEMA 1 – 4weeks\u003ca href='#cite_note-5'\u003e\u003csup\u003e[5]\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e","Erowid Experience Reports":[],"Esters":[],"European Community (EC) Number":"204-737-0","FDA Pharmacological Classification":"13AFD7670Q","Formating":[],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0014932","HeavyAtomCount":16,"Human Drugs":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Anticonvulsants; Barbiturates","IUPACName":"5-ethyl-5-phenyl-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione","Impurities":["phenobarbital","phenylpropylprimidone","ciobutide","2-phenylbutyric acid","phenylethylmalonamide","2-phenylbutyramide"],"InChI":"InChI=1S/C12H14N2O2/c1-2-12(9-6-4-3-5-7-9)10(15)13-8-14-11(12)16/h3-7H,2,8H2,1H3,(H,13,15)(H,14,16)","InChIKey":"DQMZLTXERSFNPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N","MeSH Pharmacological Classification":"Drugs used to prevent SEIZURES or reduce their severity. (See all compounds classified as Anticonvulsants.)","Melting Point":"538 to 540 °F (NTP, 1992)","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e","MolecularWeight":"218.25 g/mol","Odor":"Odorless","Pharmacodynamics":"Primidone alters sodium and calcium channel transport, reducing the frequency of nerve firing, which may be responsible for its effect on convulsions and essential tremor. Primidone has a wide therapeutic window as doses of 50-1000mg/day were effective. Patients should be counselled regarding the risk of status epilepticus with abrupt cessation of primidone.","Physical Description":"Primaclone is an odorless white crystalline powder. Slightly bitter taste. No acidic properties. (NTP, 1992)","PubChemId":4909,"Record Description":["LiverTox|CNS|Anticonvulsant|Barbiturate"],"RefCount":6,"RefCur":"","References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primidone","Name":"Primidone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420383","Name":"Primidone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00794","Name":"Primidone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4909","Name":"Primidone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"ChEMBL","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL856","Name":"Primidone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"ChEBI","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:8412","Name":"Primidone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=125-33-7","Name":"Primidone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0014932","Name":"Primidone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C07371","Name":"Primidone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/13AFD7670Q","Name":"Primidone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID7023510","Name":"Primidone","Sub":false}]}],"Refs":["National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 4909, Primidone. Accessed July 13, 2025. \u003ca href=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4909\u003ehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4909\u003c/a\u003e","U.S. Food and Drug Administration; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Primidone. UNII: 13AFD7670Q. Global Substance Registration System. Accessed July 13, 2025. \u003ca href=https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/13AFD7670Q\u003ehttps://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/13AFD7670Q\u003c/a\u003e","Anvisa. RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial. Diário Oficial da União. March 31, 2023. Accessed July 13, 2025. \u003ca href=https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-rdc-n-784-de-31-de-marco-de-2023-474904992\u003ehttps://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-rdc-n-784-de-31-de-marco-de-2023-474904992\u003c/a\u003e","CDER, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. Primidone (Mysoline). Brain Injury Resource Foundation. Accessed July 13, 2025. \u003ca href=http://www.birf.info/home/bi-tools/qlinks_anticon.html\u003ehttp://www.birf.info/home/bi-tools/qlinks_anticon.html\u003c/a\u003e","Yale Medical School, Department of Laboratory Medicine. Therapeutic Drug Levels. Yale Medical School. Accessed July 13, 2025. \u003ca href=http://info.med.yale.edu/labmed/clinical/labman/D011.html\u003ehttp://info.med.yale.edu/labmed/clinical/labman/D011.html\u003c/a\u003e"],"SMILES":"CCC1(C(=O)NCNC1=O)C2=CC=CC=C2","SaltData":[{"AcidCount":0,"AmineCount":1,"Formula":"[Na+]","Name":"sodium","Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 79.285 57.289\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#fff\"/\u003e\u003cdesc\u003eGenerated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk)\u003c/desc\u003e\u003cg fill=\"#3050f8\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\".7\"\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M0 0h80v58H0z\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"mol\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m53.431 48.313-15.009-2.645M38.422 45.668l-5.214-14.32M33.208 31.348l-13.198 7.62\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m21.229 38.264-.002 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2.9M16.847 10.291l-5.022 2.9M23.153 10.293l5.025 2.903M23.153 10.293l5.025 2.903\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#ff0d0d\" d=\"m53.424 14.366 7.504-1.325\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e","Title":"Primidone sodium","UNII":"4WPD8H4498"}],"Salts":["sodium"],"Scheduling":[{"gov":"Australia","ref":[],"schedule":"S4 substance"},{"gov":"Brazil","ref":["3"],"schedule":"C1 substance"},{"gov":"Canada","ref":[],"schedule":"prescription only substance"},{"gov":"United Kingdom","ref":[],"schedule":"prescription only substance"},{"gov":"United States","ref":[],"schedule":"prescription only substance"}],"Solubility":"\u003e32.7 [ug/mL] (The mean of the results at pH 7.4)","Stability/Shelf Life":"Stable under recommended storage conditions.","StereoisomerData":[],"Stereoisomers":["(+)-Primidone","(-)-Primidone"],"Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 79.285 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