{"ATC Code":["P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents","P02 - Anthelmintics","P02C - Antinematodal agents","P02CB - Piperazine and derivatives","P02CB01 - Piperazine","QP - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents","QP52 - Anthelmintics","QP52A - Anthelmintics","QP52AH - Piperazine and derivatives","QP52AH01 - Piperazine"],"Absorption, Distribution and Excretion":"Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract","Adverse Effects":"Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin","Aliases":["Piperazine","110-85-0","Diethylenediamine","1,4-Diazacyclohexane","Hexahydropyrazine","Piperazidine","Piperazin","Antiren","Diethyleneimine","Dispermine","Lumbrical","Pipersol","Eraverm","1,4-Piperazine","Wurmirazin","Uvilon","Piperazine, anhydrous","Worm-A-Ton","1,4-Diethylenediamine","Pyrazine hexahydride","Hexahydro-1,4-diazine","Pyrazine, hexahydro-","NSC-474","1RTM4PAL0V","Dtxsid1021164","Fema no. 4250","Chebi:28568","P02CB01","Dtxcid701164","1,4 Diazacyclohexane","Vermizine","Ascalix","Ectodyne","Expelix","Wormex","Ins umuline rapide","1,4 Piperazine","piperazine phosphate","203-808-3","Vermex","Asca-Trol No. 3","Mfcd00005953","NSC 474","Trimetazidine EP Impurity G","NSC474","Piperazine anhydrous","Ncgc00094762-03","Upixon","31977-51-2","Cas-110-85-0","PZE","CCRIS 5950","HSDB 1093","Einecs 203-808-3","Unii-1rtm4pal0v","UN2579","Brn 0102555","piperizine","piperzine","piprazine","exahydropyrazine","Piperazine-","7-piperazine","4-diazacyclohexane","Piperazine,anhydrous","Piperazine, 99%","Tasnon","Piperazinum","Exelmin","Vermidol","Piperazine - anhydrous","Spectrum_001113","Spectrum5_001817","SCHEMBL238","Wln: t6m dmtj","Epitope ID:768767","Ec 203-808-3","Schembl1640","Schembl8372","Piperazine, p.a., 98%","CHEMBL1412","NCIOpen2_000984","NCIOpen2_000988","NCIOpen2_001024","NCIOpen2_001031","NCIOpen2_001033","NCIOpen2_001071","NCIOpen2_001073","NCIOpen2_001111","NCIOpen2_001151","NCIOpen2_001231","NCIOpen2_001262","NCIOpen2_001269","NCIOpen2_004830","NCIOpen2_004834","NCIOpen2_004862","NCIOpen2_004874","NCIOpen2_004904","NCIOpen2_004910","NCIOpen2_004914","NCIOpen2_004942","NCIOpen2_004952","NCIOpen2_004954","NCIOpen2_004982","NCIOpen2_004992","NCIOpen2_004994","NCIOpen2_005022","NCIOpen2_005032","NCIOpen2_005034","NCIOpen2_005062","NCIOpen2_005072","NCIOpen2_005102","NCIOpen2_005108","NCIOpen2_005145","NCIOpen2_005182","NCIOpen2_005185","NCIOpen2_005187","NCIOpen2_005200","NCIOpen2_005575","NCIOpen2_005980","NCIOpen2_009422","Schembl77543","KBioSS_001593","5-23-01-00030","Bidd:gt0273","DivK1c_000038","Schembl215254","Schembl524620","Schembl524861","Schembl908308","Spectrum1500490","Piperazine, analytical standard","orb1182253","orb2893579","Schembl1663725","Schembl6239923","Schembl6575336","Schembl8010246","HMS500B20","KBio1_000038","KBio2_001593","KBio2_004161","KBio2_006729","MSK7186","Ninds_000038","HMS1920H20","HMS2092A03","HMS3885L08","Pharmakon1600-01500490","HY-B0912","Piperazine, ReagentPlus(R), 99%","STR00051","Tox21_113564","Tox21_202242","Tox21_300104","EBC-03034","Msk7186-100m","NSC757283","s4574","STL169348","Piperazine [UN2579] ","Akos000269028","Msk7186-1000m","CCG-212753","CS-4381","DB00592","FP31694","LF-0561","NSC-757283","UN 2579","Idi1_000038","Ncgc00094762-01","Ncgc00094762-02","Ncgc00094762-04","Ncgc00094762-05","Ncgc00094762-08","Ncgc00254077-01","Ncgc00259791-01","Piperazine, anhydrous, \u003e=99.0%","BP-31252","Sbi-0051485.p003","Piperazine Solution in Methanol, 100ug/mL","NS00008207","P0446","P0447","Piperazine Solution in Methanol, 1000ug/mL","En300-33920","C07973","D00807","Ab00052073_03","1,4-Diazacyclohexane; 1,4-Piperazine; Antiren;","F097595","Piperazine, BioUltra, anhydrous, \u003e=99.0%","Q409292","Sr-05000001700","Sr-05000001700-1","Brd-k13249881-001-02-3","F0001-0226","Z1245537944","InChI=1/C4H10N2/c1-2-6-4-3-5-1/h5-6H,1-4H","Piperazine, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard","Trimetazidine dihydrochloride impurity g"],"Associated Disorders and Diseases":"Asthma, occupational [Category: Airway Disease]","Biological Half-Life":"Following oral administration in humans, piperazine has shown to be absorbed rapidly and to be excreted predominantly and quickly in the urine. During the first 24 hours after administration nearly 40% of the dose was excreted. The shape of the curve for the elimination of piperazine in urine indicates at least two phases in excretion. For the fastest and dominating phase the half life is in the order of a couple of hours.","Boiling Point":"295 °","CAS":"110-85-0","Chemical Classes":"Nitrogen Compounds -\u003e Piperazines","ChemicalClasses":["piperazine"],"Chirality":"achiral","Color/Form":"Plates or leaflets from ethanol","Decomposition":"When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxide/.","Density":"1.1 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink g/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e","Drug Indication":"Used as alternative treatment for ascariasis caused by Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm) and enterobiasis (oxyuriasis) caused by Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm). It is also used to treat partial intestinal obstruction by the common roundworm, a condition primarily occurring in children.","Drug Warnings":"Adequate and well-controlled studies in humans have not been done. Piperazine has been used without apparent adverse effects during pregnancy. In three cases of first trimester exposures to piperazine by pregnant women, no malformations were seen in the fetuses. However, because a study showed that orally administered piperazine undergoes partial conversion to a potentially carcinogenic nitrosamine derivative, it is recommended that piperazine be given to pregnant women only if clearly indicated and then only if alternative drugs are not available.","Esters":[],"European Community (EC) Number":"203-808-3","FDA Pharmacological Classification":[{"Name":"Non-Proprietary Name","ReferenceNumber":71,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"VERMEX"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":71,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"Markup":[{"Extra":"Element-Copper","Length":6,"Start":249,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/Copper"},{"Extra":"Element-Copper","Length":6,"Start":375,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/Copper"},{"Extra":"CID-774","Length":9,"Start":398,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Histamine"}],"String":"Non-Standardized Plant Allergenic Extract [EPC]; Food Additives [CS]; Inhibit Ovum Fertilization [PE]; Allergens [CS]; Decreased Embryonic Implantation [PE]; Dietary Proteins [CS]; Non-Standardized Food Allergenic Extract [EPC]; Nut Proteins [EXT]; Copper-containing Intrauterine Device [EPC]; Plant Proteins [CS]; Decreased Sperm Motility [PE]; Cell-mediated Immunity [PE]; Copper [CS]; Increased Histamine Release [PE]"}]}}],"Flash Point":"190 °F (NTP, 1992)","Formating":[],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0014730","HeavyAtomCount":6,"IUPACName":"piperazine","InChI":"InChI=1S/C4H10N2/c1-2-6-4-3-5-1/h5-6H,1-4H2","InChIKey":"GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N","Interactions":"In mice, doses of about 625 mg piperazine base/kg bw (6,250 mg/kg feed( was administered for 28 weeks together with 0.1% nitrite in the drinking water. After an additional period of 12 weeks on a basal diet without piperazine and nitrite, a 10 fold increase in numbers of lung adenomas vs control numbers was observed. MIce receiving piperazine alone during the same time period showed afterwards no increase in tumor incidence.","MeSH Headers":[{"Id":"M0107342","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0107342.html","Name":"Piperazine","Ref":114},{"Id":"DescTree","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":"MeSH Tree","Ref":116},{"Id":"PubMed from MeSH","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":null,"Ref":143},{"Id":"M0001481","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0001481.html","Name":"Antinematodal Agents","Ref":144}],"MeSH Pharmacological Classification":[{"Id":"M0001481","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0001481.html","Name":"Antinematodal Agent","Ref":144}],"Mechanism of Action":"Piperazine is a GABA receptor agonist. Piperzine binds directly and selectively to muscle membrane GABA receptors, presumably causing hyperpolarization of nerve endings, resulting in flaccid paralysis of the worm. While the worm is paralyzed, it is dislodged from the intestinal lumen and expelled live from the body by normal intestinal peristalsis.","Melting Point":"223 °","Metabolism/Metabolites":"About 25% is metabolized in the liver. Piperazine is nitrosated to form N -mononitrosopiperazine (MNPz) in gastric juice, which is then metabolized to N-nitroso-3-hydroxypyrrolidine (NHPYR).","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e","MolecularWeight":"86.14 g/mol","Non-Human Toxicity Values":"LD50 Rat oral 4,900 mg/kg /Piperazine hydrochloride/","Odor":"Typical amine odor","Pharmacodynamics":"Piperazine is an anthelminthic especially useful in the treatment of partial intestinal obstruction caused by Ascaris worms, which is a condition primarily seen in children. Piperazine hydrate and piperazine citrate are the main anthelminthic piperazines.","Physical Description":"Needle-like white or colorless crystals. Shipped as a solid or suspended in a liquid medium. Very corrosive to skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Solid turns dark when exposed to light. Flash point 190 °F. Used as a corrosion inhibitor and as an insecticide.","PubChemId":4837,"Records":{"UNII":{"Impurities":[]}},"RefChem":"6143","RefCount":3,"RefCur":"","References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piperazine","Name":"Piperazine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409292","Name":"Piperazine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/DB00592","Name":"Piperazine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4837","Name":"Piperazine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=110-85-0","Name":"Piperazine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0014730","Name":"Piperazine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C07973","Name":"Piperazine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/1RTM4PAL0V","Name":"Piperazine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID1021164","Name":"Piperazine","Sub":false}]}],"Refs":["National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 4837, Piperazine. Accessed March 26, 2026. \u003ca href=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4837\u003ehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4837\u003c/a\u003e","U.S. Food and Drug Administration; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Piperazine. UNII: 1RTM4PAL0V. Global Substance Registration System. 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