{"Abbreviation":"Phe","Aliases":["Dl-phenylalanine","DL-3-Phenylalanine","Phenylalanine DL-form","Phenylalanine, dl-","DL-2-Amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid","FEMA No. 3726","d,l-phenylalanine","CCRIS 8601","AI3-18436","Phenylalanine dl"],"CAS":"150-30-1","ChEBI":"CHEBI:28044","ChEMBL":"CHEMBL25080","ChemicalClasses":["amino acid"],"Chirality":"racemic","ChiralityAminoAcid":true,"Classes":null,"Dosing Info":[],"DrugClasses":[],"EINECS":"205-756-7","European Community (EC) Number":"205-756-7","FullSalts":["Phenylalanine hydrochloride","Sodium phenylalanine"],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0250791","HeavyAtomCount":12,"IUPACName":"2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid","InChI":"InChI=1S/C9H11NO2/c10-8(9(11)12)6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,8H,6,10H2,(H,11,12)","InChIKey":"COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e11\u003c/sub\u003eNO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e","MolecularWeight":"165.19 g/mol","Opticalactivity":"( + / - )","Physical Description":"Solid; [Merck Index] White powder; [Sigma-Aldrich MSDS]","PrevSalts":[],"PubChemId":994,"Record Description":["Phenylalanine is an aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group. It has a role as a Daphnia magna metabolite. It is an alpha-amino acid and an aromatic amino acid. It contains a benzyl group. It is a conjugate base of a phenylalaninium. It is a conjugate acid of a phenylalaninate.","DL-Phenylalanine has been reported in Atractylodes japonica, Glycine max, and other organisms with data available.","DL-Phenylalanine is a racemic mixture of phenylalanine, an aromatic amino acid with antidepressant, analgesic and appetite suppressant properties. The antidepressant effect of DL-phenylalanine may be accounted for by its precursor role in the synthesis of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine. Elevated brain norepinephrine and dopamine levels are thought to be associated with antidepressant effects. This agent also plays a role in alleviating mood swings of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), increasing energy and mental alertness and heighten the ability to focus in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).","See also: Phenylalanine (annotation moved to).","Phenylalanine is an aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group. It has a role as a Daphnia magna metabolite. It is an alpha-amino acid and an aromatic amino acid. It contains a benzyl group. It is a conjugate base of a phenylalaninium. It is a conjugate acid of a phenylalaninate."],"References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylalanine","Name":"Phenylalanine","Sub":false},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-Phenylalanine","Name":"D-Phenylalanine","Sub":true},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylanine","Name":"L-Phenylalanine","Sub":true}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27103475","Name":"Phenylalanine","Sub":false},{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26841253","Name":"D-Phenylalanine","Sub":true},{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106345467","Name":"L-Phenylalanine","Sub":true}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/994","Name":"Phenylalanine","Sub":false},{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/71567","Name":"D-Phenylalanine","Sub":true},{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6140","Name":"L-Phenylalanine","Sub":true}]},{"Name":"ChEMBL","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL25080","Name":"Phenylalanine","Sub":false},{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL379630","Name":"D-Phenylalanine","Sub":true},{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL301523","Name":"L-Phenylalanine","Sub":true}]},{"Name":"ChEBI","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:28044","Name":"Phenylalanine","Sub":false},{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:16998","Name":"D-Phenylalanine","Sub":true},{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:17295","Name":"L-Phenylalanine","Sub":true}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=150-30-1","Name":"Phenylalanine","Sub":false},{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=673-06-3","Name":"D-Phenylalanine","Sub":true},{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=63-91-2","Name":"L-Phenylalanine","Sub":true}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0250791","Name":"Phenylalanine","Sub":false},{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0000159","Name":"L-Phenylalanine","Sub":true}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C02057","Name":"Phenylalanine","Sub":false},{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C02265","Name":"D-Phenylalanine","Sub":true},{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D00021","Name":"L-Phenylalanine","Sub":true}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/8P946UF12S","Name":"Phenylalanine","Sub":false},{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/032K16VRCU","Name":"D-Phenylalanine","Sub":true},{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/47E5O17Y3R","Name":"L-Phenylalanine","Sub":true}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID9023463","Name":"Phenylalanine","Sub":false},{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID4025876","Name":"D-Phenylalanine","Sub":true},{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID4040763","Name":"L-Phenylalanine","Sub":true}]}],"SMILES":"C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC(C(=O)O)N","Salts":["hydrochloride","sodium"],"SaltsAcidCount":[1,1],"SaltsAmineCount":[1,1],"SaltsUNII":["L6O14A5L6Q","M67R83MDEE"],"Solubility":"Soluble in water and dilute mineral acid and alkali hydroxide solutions","StereoisomerRacemic":"DL-Phenylalanine","Stereoisomers":["D-Phenylalanine","L-Phenylalanine","DL-Phenylalanine"],"StereoisomersUNII":["032K16VRCU","47E5O17Y3R",""],"StoreUNII":["8P946UF12S"],"StructureBase64":"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