{"ATC Code":"C - Cardiovascular system","Abbreviation":[],"Adverse Effects":"Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin","Aliases":["carbolic acid","Hydroxybenzene","Phenic acid","Oxybenzene","Phenylic acid","Phenylic alcohol","Benzenol","Monophenol","Phenyl hydrate","Phenyl hydroxide","PhOH","Monohydroxybenzene","Phenyl alcohol","Paoscle","Phenole","Izal","Phenol alcohol","Phenol, liquefied","Acide carbolique","Fenolo","Carbolsaure","Fenol","Liquid phenol","Liquefied phenol","Phenol, pure"],"Biological Half-Life":"Urine: 3.5 hours; [TDR, p. 1020]","Boiling Point":"360 °","CAS":"108-95-2","ChEBI":"CHEBI:15882","ChEMBL":"CHEMBL14060","ChemicalClasses":[],"Chirality":"achiral","Color/Form":"Colorless acicular crystals or white, crystalline mass","Decomposition":"When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.","Density":"1.04 at 105.8 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink g/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e","Drug Indication":"Phenol is primarily indicated for minor sore throat pain, sore mouth, minor mouth irritation, and pain associated with canker sores. Additionally, phenol is indicated in the treatment of focal spasticity.","Drug Warnings":"Dil phenol solutions (1 to 2%) are used medicinally as antipruritic preparations for the skin. Their repeated use over large skin areas or on particularly moist areas (axillary region, groin, feet) should be avoided.","EINECS":"203-632-7","Ecotoxicity Values":"LC50 Crangon crangon (Tisbe battagliai copepodid stage) 172 mg/l/24 hr in sea water at 15 °C","Erowid Experience Reports":[],"Esters":[],"European Community (EC) Number":"203-632-7","Flash Point":"175 °F (NTP, 1992)","Formating":[],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0000228","Health Effects":"Long-term exposure to phenol at work has been associated with cardiovascular disease, irritation of the respiratory tract and muscle twitching depedning of the route of exposure. Ingestion of liquid products containing concentrated phenol can cause serious gastrointestinal damage and even death. Application of concentrated phenol to the skin can cause severe skin damage. Longer-term exposure to high levels of phenol caused damaged to the heart, kidneys, liver, and lungs. Liver effects, as judged by increased serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST), were also reported in a case of prolonged inhalation exposure to phenol. (L624)","HeavyAtomCount":7,"Human Toxicity Values":"... Summarized oral lethality data from numerous case reports... estimated 140 mg/kg to be the minimal human oral dose at which death occurs.","IUPACName":"phenol","InChI":"InChI=1S/C6H6O/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5,7H","InChIKey":"ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N","Interactions":"...Nine primates received 0.5 ml of either 3% phenol in saline (n=4) or 6% phenol in saline (n=5) via lumbar epidural injection. Two additional primates received three consecutive daily epidural doses of 0.5 ml of 3% phenol in saline. Finally, 5 unoperated primates and 5 primates that received only 2 ml of radiographic contrast material served as control subjects. Two weeks after the epidural injection, spinal cords were removed and processed for histopathologic study by a neuropathologist blinded to the soln administered. None of the control animals demonstrated histopathologic changes. One animal that received 6% phenol died 3 days after injection. All phenol-treated animals demonstrated predominantly posterior root damage. Spinal cord damage was seen in all animals receiving 6% phenol, in 2 animals receiving 3% phenol single doses, and in neither animal receiving 3% phenol multiple doses. Anterior root damage occurred in all phenol-treated animals except the 4 that received single 3% phenol injections. Animals that received 6% phenol demonstrated greater lower extremity motor weakness than those in the other groups, but no clear correlation existed between extent of histopathologic changes and motor weakness.","LD50":[{"dosages":[{"amount":"317 mg/kg","route":"oral"},{"amount":"669 mg/kg","route":"skin"},{"amount":"460 mg/kg","route":"subcutaneous"},{"amount":"127 mg/kg","route":"intraperitoneal"}],"organism":"Rat"},{"dosages":[{"amount":"270 mg/kg","route":"oral"},{"amount":"180 mg/kg","route":"intraperitoneal"},{"amount":"344 mg/kg","route":"subcutaneous"},{"amount":"112 mg/kg","route":"intravenous"}],"organism":"Mouse"},{"dosages":[{"amount":"630 mg/kg","route":"skin"}],"organism":"Rabbit"},{"dosages":[{"amount":"500 mg/kg","route":"oral"}],"organism":"Mammal (species unspecified)"}],"LDLo":[{"dosages":[{"amount":"14 gm/kg","route":"oral"},{"amount":"140 mg/kg","route":"oral"}],"organism":"Human"},{"dosages":[{"amount":"500 mg/kg","route":"oral"}],"organism":"Dog"},{"dosages":[{"amount":"80 mg/kg","route":"oral"},{"amount":"80 mg/kg","route":"subcutaneous"}],"organism":"Cat"},{"dosages":[{"amount":"420 mg/kg","route":"oral"},{"amount":"620 mg/kg","route":"intraperitoneal"},{"amount":"620 mg/kg","route":"subcutaneous"},{"amount":"180 mg/kg","route":"intravenous"}],"organism":"Rabbit"},{"dosages":[{"amount":"300 mg/kg","route":"intraperitoneal"},{"amount":"450 mg/kg","route":"subcutaneous"}],"organism":"Guinea pig"},{"dosages":[{"amount":"75 mg/kg","route":"subcutaneous"},{"amount":"290 mg/kg","route":"parenteral"},{"amount":"290 mg/kg","route":"subcutaneous"}],"organism":"Frog"},{"dosages":[{"amount":"10 mg/kg","route":"oral"}],"organism":"Human - infant"}],"MeSH Pharmacological Classification":"Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects.","Melting Point":"109 °","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eO","MolecularWeight":"94.11 g/mol","Non-Human Toxicity Values":"LD50 Rat oral 530 mg/kg","Odor":"Distinct aromatic, somewhat sickening sweet and acrid odor, discernable at 0.5 to 5 ppm","Physical Description":"Phenol solution, [aqueous] is a white crystalline mass dissolved in an aqueous solution. Solution may be colorless to slightly pink in color with a distinctive phenol odor; sharp burning taste. Aqueous solution will be acidic and act as such. Toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption; strong irritant to tissues.","PubChemId":996,"RefCount":3,"RefCur":"","References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenol","Name":"Phenol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB03255","Name":"Phenol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/996","Name":"Phenol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"ChEMBL","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL14060","Name":"Phenol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"ChEBI","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:15882","Name":"Phenol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=108-95-2","Name":"Phenol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0000228","Name":"Phenol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C00146","Name":"Phenol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/339NCG44TV","Name":"Phenol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5021124","Name":"Phenol","Sub":false}]}],"Refs":["National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 996, Phenol. Accessed August 6, 2025. \u003ca href=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/996\u003ehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/996\u003c/a\u003e","U.S. Food and Drug Administration; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Phenol. UNII: 339NCG44TV. Global Substance Registration System. Accessed August 6, 2025. \u003ca href=https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/339NCG44TV\u003ehttps://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/339NCG44TV\u003c/a\u003e"],"Reported Fatal Dose":"Ingestion of as little as 4.8 g of pure phenol caused death in 10 min.","SMILES":"C1=CC=C(C=C1)O","SaltData":[],"Salts":[],"Solubility":"50 to 100 mg/mL at 66 °F (NTP, 1992)","Stability/Shelf Life":"Prone to redden on exposure to air and light, hastened by presence of alkalinity.","StereoisomerData":[],"Stereoisomers":[],"Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 47.755 34.584\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#fff\"/\u003e\u003cdesc\u003eGenerated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk)\u003c/desc\u003e\u003cg fill=\"#ff0d0d\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\".7\"\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M0 0h48v35H0z\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"mol\"\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M1.038 10.699v15.232M3.477 12.107v12.415\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m1.038 10.699 13.201-7.616\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m27.439 10.699-13.2-7.616M25.001 12.107 14.239 5.898\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M27.439 10.699v15.232\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m14.239 33.546 13.2-7.615M14.239 30.731l10.762-6.209\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m1.038 25.931 13.201 7.615M27.439 10.699l9.91-5.723\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg stroke=\"none\" class=\"atom\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M42.888 3.078q0 .756-.256 1.328-.256.565-.756.881-.5.315-1.244.315-.756 0-1.262-.315-.506-.316-.756-.887-.244-.572-.244-1.334 0-.75.244-1.309.25-.566.756-.881T40.644.56q.732 0 1.232.316.5.309.756.875.256.565.256 1.327m-3.863 0q0 .923.387 1.459.393.53 1.22.53.84 0 1.221-.53.386-.536.386-1.459 0-.929-.386-1.452-.381-.524-1.209-.524-.833 0-1.226.524-.393.523-.393 1.452M47.195 5.531h-.62V3.245h-2.512v2.286h-.613v-4.9h.613v2.072h2.512V.631h.62z\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#ff0d0d\" d=\"m37.349 4.976-4.955 2.862\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e","SumLD50":"\u003cstrong\u003eRat:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e- oral\u003c/strong\u003e: 317 mg/kg\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e- skin\u003c/strong\u003e: 669 mg/kg\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e- subcutaneous\u003c/strong\u003e: 460 mg/kg\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e- intraperitoneal\u003c/strong\u003e: 127 mg/kg\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMouse:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e- oral\u003c/strong\u003e: 270 mg/kg\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e- intraperitoneal\u003c/strong\u003e: 180 mg/kg\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e- subcutaneous\u003c/strong\u003e: 344 mg/kg\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e- intravenous\u003c/strong\u003e: 112 mg/kg\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRabbit:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e- skin\u003c/strong\u003e: 630 mg/kg\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMammal (species unspecified):\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e- oral\u003c/strong\u003e: 500 mg/kg\u003cbr\u003e","SumLDLo":"\u003cstrong\u003eHuman:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e- oral\u003c/strong\u003e: 14 gm/kg\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e- oral\u003c/strong\u003e: 140 mg/kg\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDog:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e- oral\u003c/strong\u003e: 500 mg/kg\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCat:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e- oral\u003c/strong\u003e: 80 mg/kg\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e- subcutaneous\u003c/strong\u003e: 80 mg/kg\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRabbit:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e- oral\u003c/strong\u003e: 420 mg/kg\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e- intraperitoneal\u003c/strong\u003e: 620 mg/kg\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e- subcutaneous\u003c/strong\u003e: 620 mg/kg\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e- intravenous\u003c/strong\u003e: 180 mg/kg\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGuinea pig:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e- intraperitoneal\u003c/strong\u003e: 300 mg/kg\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e- subcutaneous\u003c/strong\u003e: 450 mg/kg\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFrog:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e- subcutaneous\u003c/strong\u003e: 75 mg/kg\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e- parenteral\u003c/strong\u003e: 290 mg/kg\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e- subcutaneous\u003c/strong\u003e: 290 mg/kg\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman - infant:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e- oral\u003c/strong\u003e: 10 mg/kg\u003cbr\u003e","Taste":"Sharp, burning taste","Therapeutic Uses":"Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Disinfectants; Sclerosing Solutions; Sympatholytics","Title":"Phenol","Toxicity Data":"LC50 (rat) = 316 mg/m3 (duration not stated);","UNII":"339NCG44TV","Wikipedia":"Phenol","XLogP":1.5,"pH":"about 6.0 (aq soln)"}