{"ATC Code":"N02AA01","Abbreviation":"","Aliases":["Morphia","Morphium","Morphin","Morphinum","Morphina","Ospalivina","Duromorph","Meconium","Morphinism","Moscontin"],"Biological Half-Life":"Morphine has a half life of 2-3 hours.","Boiling Point":"190ºC","CAS":"57-27-2","ChEBI":"CHEBI:17303","ChEMBL":"CHEMBL70","ChemicalClasses":["morphinan"],"Chirality":"absolute","Classes":["Opioid"],"Color/Form":"Prisms","DEA no":9300,"Decomposition":"When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxide/.","Density":"1.32 at 20 °C/4 °C g/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e","Drug Classes":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Analgesics, Opioid; Narcotics","Drug Indication":"Morphine is used for the management of chronic, moderate to severe pain.  Opiods, including morphine, are effective for the short term management of pain. Patients taking opioids long term may need to be monitored for the development of physical dependence, addiction disorder, and drug abuse.","Drug Warnings":"The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is warning about several safety issues with the entire class of opioid pain medicines. These safety risks are potentially harmful interactions with numerous other medications, problems with the adrenal glands, and decreased sex hormone levels. We are requiring changes to the labels of all opioid drugs to warn about these risks. Opioids can interact with antidepressants and migraine medicines to cause a serious central nervous system reaction called serotonin syndrome, in which high levels of the chemical serotonin build up in the brain and cause toxicity. Taking opioids may lead to a rare, but serious condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce adequate amounts of the hormone cortisol. Cortisol helps the body respond to stress. Long-term use of opioids may be associated with decreased sex hormone levels and symptoms such as reduced interest in sex, impotence, or infertility.","DrugClasses":["opioid","antidepressant","hormone","depressant"],"DurationOfAction":"3 – 7\u0026nbsp;hours","EINECS":"200-320-2","EliminationHalfLife":"2 – 3\u0026nbsp;hours","Erowid Experience Reports":[{"Author":"One38","Id":"10154","Title":"The Worst Pain I Had Ever Felt"},{"Author":"desox","Id":"10234","Title":"Morphine Sulfate vs. Morphine HCl"},{"Author":"MTT","Id":"10538","Title":"Morphine in Hospital"},{"Author":"PoisonIvy","Id":"106279","Title":"That Glorious State"},{"Author":"Neighborhood Chemist","Id":"108130","Title":"Bliss as Always"},{"Author":"Dr_Krieger","Id":"110575","Title":"Unmistakably There, but It Isn't Distracting"},{"Author":"Zhangjiajie","Id":"111149","Title":"I Like the Feeling It Gives Me"},{"Author":"Mack","Id":"111827","Title":"A Feeling of Bliss"},{"Author":"Matthew","Id":"112002","Title":"Pleasant On Its Own"},{"Author":"TheaR","Id":"113322","Title":"Familiar Friend Illusion"},{"Author":"thestudent","Id":"113357","Title":"Body High, and Simultaneously the Nausea"},{"Author":"Harrold Smack","Id":"114274","Title":"Married to Sister Morphine"},{"Author":"Whoru","Id":"114833","Title":"Magick Stuff"},{"Author":"Heroin","Id":"12035","Title":"Riding the White Horse"},{"Author":"Anonymous","Id":"12930","Title":"Euphoria in a Doctors Office"},{"Author":"olas","Id":"13524","Title":"The Heavenly Opiate"},{"Author":"Matoada","Id":"13458","Title":"Sinking"},{"Author":"anony","Id":"16773","Title":"Home Test Kit Innacuracy!!!!!"},{"Author":"oreo","Id":"16122","Title":"Morphi-Puke Dreams"},{"Author":"g-man","Id":"17397","Title":"A Night Alone"},{"Author":"Olas","Id":"20136","Title":"Beautiful Nothingness"},{"Author":"Dr. Patient","Id":"20125","Title":"Intranasal vs. Oral"},{"Author":"3rdEYE","Id":"22268","Title":"Pass Next Time"},{"Author":"Typhon","Id":"23103","Title":"A Life Less Troubled"},{"Author":"AleXXX","Id":"24005","Title":"Blue Nose at the Fair"},{"Author":"kemi","Id":"28149","Title":"Hit By Car, Hit By Morphine"}],"Esters":["acetate"],"European Community (EC) Number":"200-320-2","FDA Pharmacological Classification":"76I7G6D29C","FullSalts":["Morphine acetate","Morphine hydrochloride","Morphine phosphate","Morphine sulfate","Morphine nitrate","Morphine tartrate","Morphine hypophosphite","Morphine hydrobromide","Morphine hydriodide","Morphine monohydrate"],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0014440","HeavyAtomCount":21,"Human Drugs":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Analgesics, Opioid; Narcotics","IUPACName":"(4R,4aR,7S,7aR,12bS)-3-methyl-2,4,4a,7,7a,13-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-7,9-diol","InChI":"InChI=1S/C17H19NO3/c1-18-7-6-17-10-3-5-13(20)16(17)21-15-12(19)4-2-9(14(15)17)8-11(10)18/h2-5,10-11,13,16,19-20H,6-8H2,1H3/t10-,11+,13-,16-,17-/m0/s1","InChIKey":"BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N","MeSH Pharmacological Classification":"Compounds with activity like OPIATE ALKALOIDS, acting at OPIOID RECEPTORS. Properties include induction of ANALGESIA or NARCOSIS. (See all compounds classified as Analgesics, Opioid.)","Melting Point":"255 °C","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e17\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e19\u003c/sub\u003eNO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e","MolecularWeight":"285.34 g/mol","Odor":"Odorless","Opticalactivity":"UNSPECIFIED","Pharmacodynamics":"Morphine binding to opioid receptors blocks transmission of nociceptive signals, signals pain-modulating neurons in the spinal cord, and inhibits primary afferent nociceptors to the dorsal horn sensory projection cells.  Morphine has a time to onset of 6-30 minutes. Excess consumption of morphine and other opioids can lead to changes in synaptic neuroplasticity, including changes in neuron density, changes at postsynaptic sites, and changes at dendritic terminals.  Intravenous morphine's analgesic effect is sex dependent. The EC\u003csub\u003e50\u003c/sub\u003e in men is 76ng/mL and in women is 22ng/mL.  Morphine-6-glucuronide is 22 times less potent than morphine in eliciting pupil constriction.","Physical Description":"Solid","PrevSalts":["acetate","hydrochloride","phosphate","sulfate","nitrate","tartrate","hypophosphite","hydrobromide","hydriodide","monohydrate"],"PubChemId":5288826,"Record Description":["Morphine is a morphinane alkaloid that is a highly potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug. Morphine acts directly on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain but has a high potential for addiction, with tolerance and both physical and psychological dependence developing rapidly. Morphine is the most abundant opiate found in Papaver somniferum (the opium poppy). It has a role as an opioid analgesic, a mu-opioid receptor agonist, a plant metabolite, an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic, a vasodilator agent, an anaesthetic, a drug allergen and a geroprotector. It is an organic heteropentacyclic compound, a tertiary amino compound and a morphinane alkaloid. It is a conjugate base of a morphine(1+). It derives from a hydride of a morphinan.","Morphine is a DEA Schedule II controlled substance. Substances in the DEA Schedule II have a high potential for abuse which may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence.","Morphine, the main alkaloid of opium, was first obtained from poppy seeds in 1805. It is a potent analgesic, though its use is limited due to tolerance, withdrawal, and the risk of abuse. Morphine is still routinely used today, though there are a number of semi-synthetic opioids of varying strength such as [codeine], [fentanyl], [methadone], [hydrocodone], [hydromorphone], [meperidine], and [oxycodone].  Morphine was granted FDA approval in 1941.","Morphine is an Opioid Agonist. The mechanism of action of morphine is as a Full Opioid Agonist.","Morphine is one of the natural plant alkaloids found in opium and is the prototype opiate, against which other derivatives are measured in terms of analgesic effects and side effects. Morphine has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to clinically apparent liver injury.","Morphine has been reported in Papaver rhoeas, Papaver armeniacum, and other organisms with data available.","Morphine is an opiate alkaloid isolated from the plant Papaver somniferum and produced synthetically. Morphine binds to and activates specific opiate receptors (delta, mu and kappa), each of which are involved in controlling different brain functions. In the central nervous and gastrointestinal systems, this agent exhibits widespread effects including analgesia, anxiolysis, euphoria, sedation, respiratory depression, and gastrointestinal system smooth muscle contraction. (NCI04)","MORPHINE is a small molecule drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of IV (across all indications) that was first approved in 1984 and has 5 approved and 50 investigational indications. This drug has a black box warning from the FDA.","Morphine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is the principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle. The precise mechanism of the analgesic action of morphine is unknown. However, specific CNS opiate receptors have been identified and likely play a role in the expression of analgesic effects. Morphine first acts on the mu-opioid receptors. The mechanism of respiratory depression involves a reduction in the responsiveness of the brain stem respiratory centers to increases in carbon dioxide tension and to electrical stimulation.It has been shown that morphine binds to and inhibits GABA inhibitory interneurons. These interneurons normally inhibit the descending pain inhibition pathway. So, without the inhibitory signals, pain modulation can proceed downstream.","The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle.","See also: Morphine Sulfate (has salt form); Morphine Hydrochloride (has salt form); Nicomorphine (is active moiety of) ... View More ...","Morphine is a morphinane alkaloid that is a highly potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug. Morphine acts directly on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain but has a high potential for addiction, with tolerance and both physical and psychological dependence developing rapidly. Morphine is the most abundant opiate found in Papaver somniferum (the opium poppy). It has a role as an opioid analgesic, a mu-opioid receptor agonist, a plant metabolite, an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic, a vasodilator agent, an anaesthetic, a drug allergen and a geroprotector. It is an organic heteropentacyclic compound, a tertiary amino compound and a morphinane alkaloid. It is a conjugate base of a morphine(1+). It derives from a hydride of a morphinan.","LiverTox|Analgesic|Severe pain|Opiate"],"RefCount":4,"References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphine","Name":"Morphine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81225","Name":"Morphine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00295","Name":"Morphine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5288826","Name":"Morphine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"ChEMBL","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL70","Name":"Morphine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"ChEBI","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:17303","Name":"Morphine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=57-27-2","Name":"Morphine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0014440","Name":"Morphine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C01516","Name":"Morphine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/76I7G6D29C","Name":"Morphine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID9023336","Name":"Morphine","Sub":false}]}],"Refs":["National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5288826, Morphine. Accessed June 26, 2025. \u003ca href=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5288826\u003ehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5288826\u003c/a\u003e","U.S. Food and Drug Administration; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Morphine. UNII: 76I7G6D29C. Global Substance Registration System. Accessed June 26, 2025. \u003ca href=https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/76I7G6D29C\u003ehttps://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/76I7G6D29C\u003c/a\u003e","Morphine Product information. August 9, 2005. Accessed June 26, 2025. \u003ca href=https://health-products.canada.ca/dpd-bdpp/info?lang=eng\u0026code=3042\u003ehttps://health-products.canada.ca/dpd-bdpp/info?lang=eng\u0026code=3042\u003c/a\u003e"],"Reported Fatal Dose":"The mean morphine blood level in 10 fatalities was 0.2 to 2.3 ug/g. After an overdose of morphine sulfate, a 14-year-old girl had a plasma morphine concentration of 0.5 ug/mL. She developed an atypical leukoencephalopathy.","SMILES":"CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)O)O[C@H]3[C@H](C=C4)O","Salts":["acetate","hydrochloride","phosphate","sulfate","nitrate","tartrate","hypophosphite","hydrobromide","hydriodide","monohydrate"],"SaltsAcidCount":[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],"SaltsAmineCount":[1,1,1,2,1,2,1,1,1,1],"SaltsUNII":["VEO43W5229","J28GE0ROVX","1LQ9207LZE","X3P646A2J0","DV2P23JCWV","U3NSU23LHD","S7I4VJV00U","X1W88415WG","806E27L76Z","41TQ665R1X"],"Scheduling":[{"gov":"Australia","ref":[],"schedule":"S8 substance"},{"gov":"Brazil","ref":[],"schedule":"A1 substance"},{"gov":"Canada","ref":["3"],"schedule":"Schedule I substance"},{"gov":"Germany","ref":[],"schedule":"Anlage III substance"},{"gov":"New Zealand","ref":[],"schedule":"Class B substance"},{"gov":"United Kingdom","ref":[],"schedule":"prescription only substance"},{"act":"Controlled Substances Act (CSA)","gov":"United States","ref":[],"schedule":"Schedule I"},{"gov":"European Union","ref":[],"schedule":"prescription only substance"},{"act":"Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961","gov":"United Nations","ref":[],"schedule":"Schedule I and III narcotic"}],"Solubility":"In water, 1.49X10+2 mg/L at 20 °C","Stability/Shelf Life":"When exposed to air, morphine sulfate gradually loses its water of hydration. 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","Subjective Effects":{"Cognitive Effects":["Cognitive euphoria","Thought deceleration","Anxiety suppression","Compulsive redosing","Increased music appreciation"],"Physical Effects":["Respiratory depression","Pain relief","Itchiness","Constipation","Cough suppression","Sedation","Nausea","Pupil constriction","Stomach cramp","Difficulty urinating"],"Visual Effects":["Double vision"]},"Taste":"Bitter","Therapeutic Uses":"Analgesics, Opioid; Narcotics","Title":"Morphine","UNII":"76I7G6D29C","Wikidata":"Q81225","Wikipedia":"Morphine","XLogP":0.8,"pH":"pH of saturated solution: 8.5"}