{"ATC Code":["N - Nervous system","N06 - Psychoanaleptics","N06B - Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics","N06BA - Centrally acting sympathomimetics","N06BA04","N06BA04 - Methylphenidate","QN - Nervous system","QN06 - Psychoanaleptics","QN06B - Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics","QN06BA - Centrally acting sympathomimetics","QN06BA04 - Methylphenidate"],"Abbreviation":["MPH"],"Absorption, Distribution and Excretion":"Concerta®: Methylphenidate is readily absorbed. Following oral administration of Concerta, plasma methylhphenidate concentrations reach an initial maximum at about 1 hour followed by gradual ascending concentrations over the next 5-9 hours. Mean times to reach peak plasma concentrations across all doses of Concerta occurred between 6-10 hours. Once daily dosing minimizes the fluctuations between peak and trough concentrations associated with multiple doses of immediate-release methylphenidate treatments. Depending on the doses provided, Cmax was found to range from 6.0-15.0ng/mL, Tmax ranged from 8.1-9.4h, and AUC ranged from 50.4-121.5 ng·h/mL in children.  When provided as Concerta®, methylphenidate is released through the patented Osmotic Controlled-Release Oral Delivery (OROS) system where 22% of the dose is provided as an immediate release and 78% is provided through a gradual release. OROS is comprised of an osmotically active trilayer core surrounded by a semipermeable membrane with an immediate-release drug overcoat. Within an aqueous environment, such as the stomach, the drug overcoat, which consists of 22% of the dose, dissolves within one hour, providing an initial immediate-release formulation of methylphenidate. Water then permeates through the membrane into the tablet core where the osmotically active polymer excipients expand, allowing methylphenidate to release slowly through the orifice over a period of 6-7 hours. Concerta also provides a sustained 10-12 hour effect, allowing for once-daily dosing.  Biphentin®: Methylphenidate is rapidly and extensively absorbed following oral administration, with peak blood levels obtained in 1-3 hours.  When provided as Biphentin®, methylphenidate is released through a multi-layer release delivery system (MLRTM) where 40% of the dose is provided as an immediate release and 60% is provided through a gradual release. Biphentin was designed to be an alternative to separate doses of immediate-release (IR) methylphenidate by providing a biphasic concentration-time profile when given as a single dose. The MLRTM release system allows for a sustained effect for 10-12 hours, allowing for once-daily dosing that covers the major times that ADHD impairment might occur (such as school, homework periods, during the workday, etc).  Methylphenidate (immediate release): Methylphenidate hydrochloride is rapidly and extensively absorbed from the tablets following oral administration; however, owing to extensive first-pass metabolism, bioavailability is low (approx. 30%) and large individual differences exist (11-52%). In one study, the administration of methylphenidate hydrochloride with food accelerated absorption but had no effect on the amount absorbed. Peak plasma concentrations of 10.8 and 7.8 ng/mL were observed, on average, 2 hours after administration of 0.30 mg/kg in children and adults, respectively. Peak plasma concentrations showed marked variability between subjects. Both the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), and the peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) showed dose-proportionality.","Adverse Effects":"Insomnia and nervousness are the most commonly reported adverse effects in patients using methylphenidate. Growth retardation (reduced height, weight, and bone marrow density) is observed when prescribed to children long-term. Other frequent side effects primarily involve the CNS (dizziness, headache, tics, restlessness/akathisia), gastrointestinal (nausea/vomiting, dry mouth, decreased appetite, weight loss, abdominal pain), and cardiovascular systems (tachycardia, palpitations). Dermatologically, patients can complain of excessive sweating and ulceration of their digits. Some patients may even develop blurry vision or decreased libido. While it rarely occurs, priapism is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention. Patients are more prone to become easily agitated, irritable, or depressed and go through mood swings or lability. While many common side effects can be relieved by adjusting the dosage or avoiding an afternoon or evening dose, some require treatment emergently to prevent complications.","Aliases":["Methylphenidan","Phenidylate","Calocain","Plimasine","Methyl phenidylacetate","Metilfenidato","Methylphenidatum","Methyl phenidate","4311/B Ciba","Daytrana","α-Phenyl-2-piperidineacetic acid methyl ester","Methyl α-phenyl-α-(2-piperidyl)acetate","NCI-C56280","Methyl 2-phenyl-2-(piperidin-2-yl)acetate","2-Piperidineacetic acid, α-phenyl-, methyl ester","Cotempla XR-ODT","Methyl α-phenyl-α-2-piperidinylacetate","α-Phenyl-α-(2-piperidyl)acetic acid methyl ester","Metilfenidat hydrochloride","Threo-dl-methylphenidate","Prc-063","Methylphenidate extended release","Dtxsid5023299","Ritaline","CHEBI:6887","Dtxcid003299","Methylphenidate Transdermal System","N06BA04","204-028-6","207ZZ9QZ49","Meridil","Concerta","Methyl phenidyl acetate","methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate","CHEMBL796","Methylfenidan","HSDB 3126","Methyl (2-phenyl-2-(2-piperidyl)acetate)","Einecs 204-028-6","C 4311","Rubifen","Tuzulby","DEA No. 1724","Ritalin","Methylin","Centedein","Centedrin","Centedrine","Schembl37178","GTPL7236","Chebi:84276","Jornay PM","HY-B1091","Bdbm50062912","methyl α-piperid-2-ylphenylacetate","Methyl phenyl(2-piperidinyl)acetate #","CS-4657","DB00422","Ncgc00248587-01","Ncgc00248587-03","FM112030","Methyl α-phenyl-2-piperidineacetate","Sbi-0206868.p001","Methyl α-phenyl-2-piperidine-acetate","NS00010412","C07196","D04999","phenyl-piperidin-2-yl-acetic acid methyl ester","Ab01563134_01","2-Piperidineacetic acid, ?-phenyl-, methyl ester","L001307","Brd-a19585813-003-01-7","Brd-a19585813-003-03-3"],"Biological Half-Life":"Concerta: The half-life of methylphenidate in adults following oral administration of Concerta® was approximately 3.5 h.  Biphentin: Methylphenidate is eliminated from plasma with a mean half-life of 2.4 hours in children and 2.1 hours in adults.  Methylphenidate (immediate release): Methylphenidate is eliminated from the plasma with a mean half-life of 2.4 hours in children and 2.1 hours in adults.","Boiling Point":"BP: 135 to 137 °C at 0.6 mm Hg","CAS":"113-45-1","ChemicalClasses":["phenidate"],"Chirality":"racemic","Classes":["Stimulant"],"Color/Form":"Crystals from ethanol (aqueous)","DBI-IGS":["Methylphenidate"],"Decomposition":"When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of nitroxides.","Dosing Info":[{"Method":"Buccal","Tiers":{"Common":{"Entries":8,"Lower":31.6,"Percentage":22.2,"Unit":"mg","Upper":40},"Extreme":{"Entries":4,"Lower":85,"Percentage":11.1,"Unit":"mg","Upper":85},"Heavy":{"Entries":2,"Lower":60,"Percentage":5.6,"Unit":"mg","Upper":85},"Light":{"Entries":12,"Lower":31.6,"Percentage":33.3,"Unit":"mg","Upper":31.6},"Strong":{"Entries":10,"Lower":40,"Percentage":27.8,"Unit":"mg","Upper":60}}},{"Method":"Insufflated","Tiers":{"Common":{"Entries":64,"Lower":32.7,"Percentage":25.6,"Unit":"mg","Upper":40},"Extreme":{"Entries":26,"Lower":116.3,"Percentage":10.4,"Unit":"mg","Upper":116.3},"Heavy":{"Entries":35,"Lower":60,"Percentage":14,"Unit":"mg","Upper":116.3},"Light":{"Entries":76,"Lower":32.7,"Percentage":30.4,"Unit":"mg","Upper":32.7},"Strong":{"Entries":49,"Lower":40,"Percentage":19.6,"Unit":"mg","Upper":60}}},{"Method":"Intravenous","Tiers":{"Common":{"Entries":2,"Lower":8.8,"Percentage":50,"Unit":"mg","Upper":10},"Extreme":{"Entries":1,"Lower":24,"Percentage":25,"Unit":"mg","Upper":24},"Heavy":{"Entries":0,"Lower":15,"Percentage":0,"Unit":"mg","Upper":24},"Light":{"Entries":1,"Lower":8.8,"Percentage":25,"Unit":"mg","Upper":8.8},"Strong":{"Entries":0,"Lower":10,"Percentage":0,"Unit":"mg","Upper":15}}},{"Method":"Subcutaneous","Tiers":{"Common":{"Entries":0,"Lower":40.9,"Percentage":0,"Unit":"mg","Upper":40},"Extreme":{"Entries":1,"Lower":56,"Percentage":33.3,"Unit":"mg","Upper":56},"Heavy":{"Entries":0,"Lower":50,"Percentage":0,"Unit":"mg","Upper":56},"Light":{"Entries":2,"Lower":40.9,"Percentage":66.7,"Unit":"mg","Upper":40.9},"Strong":{"Entries":0,"Lower":40,"Percentage":0,"Unit":"mg","Upper":50}}},{"Method":"Sublingual","Tiers":{"Common":{"Entries":80,"Lower":34.5,"Percentage":29.4,"Unit":"mg","Upper":40},"Extreme":{"Entries":28,"Lower":98,"Percentage":10.3,"Unit":"mg","Upper":98},"Heavy":{"Entries":37,"Lower":60,"Percentage":13.6,"Unit":"mg","Upper":98},"Light":{"Entries":74,"Lower":34.5,"Percentage":27.2,"Unit":"mg","Upper":34.5},"Strong":{"Entries":53,"Lower":40,"Percentage":19.5,"Unit":"mg","Upper":60}}},{"Method":"Oral","Tiers":{"Common":{"Entries":37,"Lower":24.8,"Percentage":13.1,"Unit":"mg","Upper":36},"Extreme":{"Entries":27,"Lower":108,"Percentage":9.5,"Unit":"mg","Upper":108},"Heavy":{"Entries":40,"Lower":72,"Percentage":14.1,"Unit":"mg","Upper":108},"Light":{"Entries":122,"Lower":24.8,"Percentage":43.1,"Unit":"mg","Upper":24.8},"Strong":{"Entries":57,"Lower":36,"Percentage":20.1,"Unit":"mg","Upper":72}}}],"Drug Classes":["Breast Feeding","Lactation","Milk, Human","Adrenergic Agents","Central Nervous System Stimulants","Dopamine Agents","Sympathomimetics","Wakefulness-Promoting Agents"],"Drug Indication":"Methylphenidate is indicated for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in patients 6 years of age and older and for the treatment of narcolepsy.","Drug Warnings":"Methylphenidate should be used with caution in patients with hypertension. Blood pressure should be monitored at appropriate intervals in patients receiving the drug, especially those with hypertension.","DurationOfAction":"","EliminationHalfLife":"2 – 3 hours","Erowid Experience Reports":[{"Author":"Neurotichaosis","Id":26022,"Title":"Medicine Cabinet Binge"},{"Author":"Ben","Id":56390,"Title":"Highschooler's Best Friend"},{"Author":"Zippy","Id":10899,"Title":"Really Fun, Once in a While"},{"Author":"Mikey1217","Id":16351,"Title":"Permanent Changes"},{"Author":"Side Effect","Id":60691,"Title":"Procrastination and Time Management"},{"Author":"SwagSyringe","Id":105347,"Title":"Revisiting a Long Lost Friend"},{"Author":"Anonymous","Id":39030,"Title":"The Help I Hate to Love"},{"Author":"odonamon","Id":62163,"Title":"Midday Uplift"},{"Author":"Lilmikey1217","Id":13666,"Title":"Romance of Rap"},{"Author":"Observer","Id":103194,"Title":"Hard to Notice the Effects of This"},{"Author":"Hans-Alton","Id":67989,"Title":"Calm Study Night"},{"Author":"Sara","Id":34153,"Title":"A Waste of Time"},{"Author":"LL","Id":77826,"Title":"For School Purposes Only"},{"Author":"Bob da wack job","Id":19807,"Title":"OK Together"},{"Author":"DoubleXdeuce","Id":69201,"Title":"Why Did Everyone Else Have a Great Time but Not Me?"},{"Author":"Anonymous","Id":90744,"Title":"Productive but Not Enjoyable"},{"Author":"Killia666","Id":21093,"Title":"24 Hours In Hell"},{"Author":"cliteral","Id":9200,"Title":"Stimulated To Quite Some Degree"},{"Author":"Liquid Gold","Id":54569,"Title":"Vasoconstriction Reversed"},{"Author":"layne","Id":116221,"Title":"Feeling Like Something Was Different"},{"Author":"!!!","Id":48435,"Title":"Info"},{"Author":"pinkwarrior","Id":3224,"Title":"Ritalin Experiments"},{"Author":"Fed","Id":4638,"Title":"Rit'n"},{"Author":"Deadhead","Id":4845,"Title":"The Rit Way"},{"Author":"Dr Robert","Id":52315,"Title":"Experimenting with Assiduity"},{"Author":"Marb121785","Id":12560,"Title":"Blissful Peace"}],"Esters":[],"European Community (EC) Number":"204-028-6","FDA Pharmacological Classification":[{"Name":"FDA UNII","ReferenceNumber":32,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"207ZZ9QZ49"}]}},{"Name":"Active Moiety","ReferenceNumber":32,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"METHYLPHENIDATE"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":32,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"Established Pharmacologic Class [EPC] - Central Nervous System Stimulant"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":32,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"Physiologic Effects [PE] - Central Nervous System Stimulation"}]}},{"Name":"FDA Pharmacology Summary","ReferenceNumber":32,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"Markup":[{"Extra":"CID-4158","Length":15,"Start":0,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Methylphenidate"},{"Extra":"CID-4158","Length":15,"Start":81,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/methylphenidate"}],"String":"Methylphenidate is a Central Nervous System Stimulant. The physiologic effect of methylphenidate is by means of Central Nervous System Stimulation."}]}},{"Name":"Non-Proprietary Name","ReferenceNumber":59,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"METHYLPHENIDATE"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":59,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"Central Nervous System Stimulation [PE]; Central Nervous System Stimulant [EPC]"}]}}],"Formating":[],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0014566","Health Effects":"Using large amounts of these drugs can result in a condition known as amphetamine psychosis -- which can result in auditory, visual and tactile hallucinations, intense paranoia, irrational thoughts and beliefs, delusions, and mental confusion.","HeavyAtomCount":17,"Human Drugs":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Adrenergic Agents; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Dopamine Agents; Sympathomimetics; Wakefulness-Promoting Agents","IUPACName":"methyl 2-phenyl-2-piperidin-2-ylacetate","InChI":"InChI=1S/C14H19NO2/c1-17-14(16)13(11-7-3-2-4-8-11)12-9-5-6-10-15-12/h2-4,7-8,12-13,15H,5-6,9-10H2,1H3","InChIKey":"DUGOZIWVEXMGBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N","Interactions":"Repeated im injections of high doses of methylphenidate (6-30 times the human clinical dose) into normal rats or rats with traumatized (carbon tetrachloride or allyl alcohol) or regenerating livers were able to cause liver damage, as shown by liver function tests and serum enzyme determinations.","KEGG Entries":[{"Id":"D01296","Interactions":[],"Synonyms":["Methylphenidate hydrochloride","Concerta","Metadate","Quillivant xr","Ritalin"]},{"Id":"D04999","Interactions":[],"Synonyms":["Methylphenidate","Daytrana"]}],"MeSH Headers":[{"Id":"M0013660","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0013660.html","Name":"Methylphenidate","Ref":95},{"Id":"M0351722","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0351722.html","Name":"Phenidylate","Ref":97},{"Id":"M0503926","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0503926.html","Name":"Daytrana","Ref":98},{"Id":"DescTree","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":"MeSH Tree","Ref":99},{"Id":"PubMed from MeSH","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":null,"Ref":125},{"Id":"M0001063","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0001063.html","Name":"Central Nervous System Stimulants","Ref":126},{"Id":"M0028098","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0028098.html","Name":"Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors","Ref":127}],"MeSH Pharmacological Classification":[{"Id":"M0001063","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0001063.html","Name":"Central Nervous System Stimulant","Ref":126},{"Id":"M0028098","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0028098.html","Name":"Dopamine Uptake Inhibitor","Ref":127}],"Mechanism of Action":"While its exact mechanism is unclear, methylphenidate (MPH) has been shown to act as a norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI), thereby increasing the presence of these neurotransmitters in the extraneuronal space and prolonging their action. There is a dose-related effect of psychostimulants on receptor stimulation, where higher doses are shown to increase norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) efflux throughout the brain which can result in impaired cognition and locomotor-activating effects. In contrast, low doses are found to selectively activate NE and DE neurotransmission within the prefrontal cortex which is an area of the brain thought to play a prominent role in ADHD pathophysiology, thereby improving clinical efficacy and preventing side effects. The lower doses used to treat ADHD are not associated with the locomotor-activating effects associated with higher doses and instead reduce movement, impulsivity, and increase cognitive function including sustained attention and working memory. Methylphenidate's beneficial effects in sustaining attention have also been shown to be mediated by alpha-1 adrenergic receptor activity.  Clinical findings have shown that children with ADHD have an abnormality in the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1), the D4 receptor gene (DRD-4), and/or the D2 receptor gene that may be at least partly overcome by the dopaminergic effects of methylphenidate, suggesting a possible mode of action.","Melting Point":"74-75 °C","Metabolism/Metabolites":"Methylphenidate is hepatically metabolized. More specifically, it is rapidly and extensively metabolized by carboxylesterase CES1A1. Via this enzyme, methylphenidate undergoes de-esterification to ritalinic acid (a-phenyl-2-piperidine acetic acid, PPAA), which has little to no pharmacologic activity.","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e19\u003c/sub\u003eNO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e","MolecularWeight":"233.31 g/mol","Non-Human Toxicity Values":"LD50 Mouse oral 190 mg/kg /Methylphenidate hydrochloride/","Pharmacodynamics":"Methylphenidate is a racemic mixture comprised of the d- and l-isomers. The d-isomer is more pharmacologically active than the l-isomer. Radioligand binding studies demonstrate that binding of methylphenidate in the brain is localized to dopamine-rich areas, in particular in the prefrontal cortex which has been demonstrated to play a prominent role in ADHD pathophysiology. In a number of animal models, methylphenidate enhances locomotor activity and induces stereotypic behaviours.","Physical Description":"Solid","PubChemId":4158,"RefChem":"6033","RefCount":3,"RefCur":"","References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylphenidate","Name":"Methylphenidate","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422112","Name":"Methylphenidate","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/DB00422","Name":"Methylphenidate","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4158","Name":"Methylphenidate","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=113-45-1","Name":"Methylphenidate","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0014566","Name":"Methylphenidate","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C07196","Name":"Methylphenidate","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5023299","Name":"Methylphenidate","Sub":false}]}],"Refs":["National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 4158, methylphenidate. Accessed May 8, 2026. \u003ca href=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4158\u003ehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4158\u003c/a\u003e","Anvisa. RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial. Diário Oficial da União. March 31, 2023. Accessed May 8, 2026. \u003ca href=https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-rdc-n-784-de-31-de-marco-de-2023-474904992\u003ehttps://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-rdc-n-784-de-31-de-marco-de-2023-474904992\u003c/a\u003e"],"SMILES":"COC(=O)C(C1CCCCN1)C2=CC=CC=C2","SaltData":[],"Salts":[],"Scheduling":[{"gov":"Australia","ref":[],"schedule":"S8 substance"},{"gov":"Brazil","ref":["2"],"schedule":"A3 substance"},{"gov":"Canada","ref":[],"schedule":"Schedule III substance"},{"gov":"Germany","ref":[],"schedule":"Anlage III substance"},{"gov":"United Kingdom","ref":[],"schedule":"Class B substance"},{"gov":"New Zealand","ref":[],"schedule":"Class B2 -authority required substance"},{"act":"Controlled Substances Act (CSA)","gov":"United States","ref":[],"schedule":"Schedule I"},{"gov":"European Union","ref":[],"schedule":"prescription only substance"},{"act":"Convention on Psychotropic Substances 1971","gov":"United Nations","ref":[],"schedule":"Schedule II drug"}],"Solubility":"1255mg/L","Stability/Shelf Life":"Stable under recommended storage conditions.","StereoisomerData":[{"SMILES":"COC(=O)[C@@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)[C@@H]1CCCCN1","Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 81.29 70.535\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#fff\"/\u003e\u003cdesc\u003eGenerated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk)\u003c/desc\u003e\u003cg fill=\"#ff0d0d\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\".7\"\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M0 0h82v71H0z\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"mol\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m27.447.91-.002 11.319M30.72 18.042l9.921 5.73\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m40.641 23.772 9.919-5.724M40.642 20.957l8.699-5.021\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#ff0d0d\" d=\"M50.56 18.048 45.6 20.91M49.341 15.936l-4.349 2.511\" 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class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e","Title":"(4R,5R)-Methylphenidate"}],"StereoisomerType":"diastereomer","Stereoisomers":["(4S,5S)-Methylphenidate","(4R,5S)-Methylphenidate","(4S,5R)-Methylphenidate","(4R,5R)-Methylphenidate"],"Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 81.29 70.535\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#fff\"/\u003e\u003cdesc\u003eGenerated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk)\u003c/desc\u003e\u003cg fill=\"#ff0d0d\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\".7\"\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M0 0h82v71H0z\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"mol\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m27.447.91-.002 11.319M30.72 18.042l9.921 5.73\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m39.422 23.068 10.528-6.076M40.641 25.18l10.528-6.076\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#ff0d0d\" 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36.003h-.619v-2.286h-2.513v2.286h-.613v-4.899h.613v2.071h2.513v-2.071h.619z\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#ff0d0d\" d=\"m27.445 12.229.001-5.66M30.72 18.042l4.96 2.865\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#3050f8\" d=\"m70.197 40.834 5.028 2.9M70.197 40.834l5.028 2.9M63.89 40.834l-5.027 2.9M63.89 40.834l-5.027 2.9\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e","Subjective Effects":{"Cognitive Effects":["Analysis enhancement","Ego inflation","Focus enhancement","Increased music appreciation","Motivation enhancement","Thought acceleration","Wakefulness","Disinhibition","Suggestibility suppression","Cognitive euphoria","Compulsive redosing","Mania"],"Physical Effects":["Increased libido","Stamina enhancement","Stimulation","Appetite suppression","Dehydration","Dry mouth","Restless legs","Shakiness","Teeth grinding","Abnormal heartbeat","Increased blood pressure","Increased heart rate","Vasoconstriction"],"Visual Effects":[]},"Therapeutic Uses":"Central Nervous System Stimulants; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors","Title":"Methylphenidate","Toxicity Data":"LD50: 190 mg/kg (oral, mice)","Treatment":"Treatment consists of appropriate supportive measures. The patient must be protected against self-injury and against external stimuli that would aggravate overstimulation already present. Gastric contents may be evacuated by gastric lavage. In the presence of severe intoxication, use a carefully titrated dosage of a short-acting barbiturate before performing gastric lavage. Other measures to detoxify the gut include administration of activated charcoal and a cathartic. Intensive care must be provided to maintain adequate circulation and respiratory exchange; external cooling procedures may be required for hyperpyrexia. (L1712)","Wikidata":"Q422112","Wikipedia":"Methylphenidate","XLogP":0.2}