{"ATC Code":"N02AA03","Abbreviation":"","Aliases":["Dihydromorphinone","Hydromorphon","Idromorfone","Novolaudon","DiMo","Dihydromorfinon","Hidromorfona","Hydromorfona","7,8-Dihydromorphinone","Dilaudid Oros"],"Biological Half-Life":"The half-life of hydromorphone immediate-release is of 2-3 hour while the extended release can range from 8-15 hours.","Boiling Point":"Decomposes at 305ºC","CAS":"466-99-9","ChEBI":"CHEBI:5790","ChEMBL":"CHEMBL398707","ChemicalClasses":["morphinan"],"Chirality":"absolute","Color/Form":"Crystals from ethanol","DEA no":9150,"Decomposition":"When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.","Dosing Info":[{"Method":"Intravenous","Tiers":{"Common":{"Lower":1.375,"Upper":4},"Heavy":{"Lower":4,"Upper":6.4499999999999975},"Light":{"Lower":1,"Upper":1.375},"Strong":{"Lower":4,"Upper":4},"Threshold":{"Lower":1,"Upper":1}},"Unit":"mg"},{"Method":"Insufflated","Tiers":{"Common":{"Lower":4,"Upper":4},"Heavy":{"Lower":4,"Upper":4},"Light":{"Lower":4,"Upper":4},"Strong":{"Lower":4,"Upper":4},"Threshold":{"Lower":4,"Upper":4}},"Unit":"mg"},{"Method":"Oral","Tiers":{"Common":{"Lower":2,"Upper":2.5},"Heavy":{"Lower":4,"Upper":8},"Light":{"Lower":2,"Upper":2},"Strong":{"Lower":2.5,"Upper":4},"Threshold":{"Lower":1,"Upper":2}},"Unit":"mg"}],"Drug Classes":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Analgesics, Opioid; Narcotics; Antitussive Agents; Opiates","Drug Indication":"Hydromorphone is indicated for the management of moderate to severe acute pain and severe chronic pain. Due to its addictive potential and overdose risk, hydromorphone is only prescribed when other first-line treatments have failed.  The WHO has proposed a three-step ladder for the management of pain in which it is suggested to start with a non-opioid medication followed by addition of weak opioids to the non-opioid treatment for moderate pain and finishing in the use of strong opioids such as hydromorphone along with the existing regimen for cases of severe pain.  Off-label, hydromorphone can be administered for the suppression of refractory cough.","Drug Warnings":"The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is warning about several safety issues with the entire class of opioid pain medicines. These safety risks are potentially harmful interactions with numerous other medications, problems with the adrenal glands, and decreased sex hormone levels. We are requiring changes to the labels of all opioid drugs to warn about these risks. Opioids can interact with antidepressants and migraine medicines to cause a serious central nervous system reaction called serotonin syndrome, in which high levels of the chemical serotonin build up in the brain and cause toxicity. Taking opioids may lead to a rare, but serious condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce adequate amounts of the hormone cortisol. Cortisol helps the body respond to stress. Long-term use of opioids may be associated with decreased sex hormone levels and symptoms such as reduced interest in sex, impotence, or infertility.","DrugClasses":["opioid","antidepressant","hormone","depressant"],"DurationOfAction":"4–5 hours","EINECS":"207-383-5","EliminationHalfLife":"2–3 hours","European Community (EC) Number":"207-383-5","FDA Pharmacological Classification":"Q812464R06","FullSalts":["Hydromorphone hydrochloride","Hydromorphone sulfate"],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0014472","HeavyAtomCount":21,"Human Drugs":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Analgesics, Opioid; Narcotics; Antitussive Agents; Opiates","IUPACName":"(4R,4aR,7aR,12bS)-9-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,2,4,4a,5,6,7a,13-octahydro-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolin-7-one","InChI":"InChI=1S/C17H19NO3/c1-18-7-6-17-10-3-5-13(20)16(17)21-15-12(19)4-2-9(14(15)17)8-11(10)18/h2,4,10-11,16,19H,3,5-8H2,1H3/t10-,11+,16-,17-/m0/s1","InChIKey":"WVLOADHCBXTIJK-YNHQPCIGSA-N","MeSH Pharmacological Classification":"Agents that induce NARCOSIS. Narcotics include agents that cause somnolence or induced sleep (STUPOR); natural or synthetic derivatives of OPIUM or MORPHINE or any substance that has such effects. They are potent inducers of ANALGESIA and OPIOID-RELATED DISORDERS. (See all compounds classified as Narcotics.)","Melting Point":"Decomposes at 305ºC","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e17\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e19\u003c/sub\u003eNO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e","MolecularWeight":"285.34 g/mol","Odor":"Odorless","Opticalactivity":"UNSPECIFIED","Pharmacodynamics":"In clinical trials, hydromorphone has been shown to be suitable for pain relief in patients that do not tolerate the side effects of [morphine] or that suffer from renal failure or asthma. It has been shown to be 5-7 times more potent than morphine with a shorter duration of analgesia.  Some of the observed effects of the consumption of hydromorphone for acute pain are complete and longlasting pain relief when compared to other pain relief agents such as [meperidine], [morphine], [diamorphine], [bupivacaine], [indomethacin], and [fentanyl]. On the same trials, hydromorphone was shown to produce respiratory depression, lower cognitive function, miosis, mydriasis, constipation, hypotension, and vertigo but to present a reduced incidence of pruritus (which indicates a lower release of histamine) and nausea.  The respiratory depression is known to be caused by the effect on the brain stem respiratory centers as well as to a reduction in the responsiveness of this brain stems to increase carbon dioxide tension.","Physical Description":"Solid","PrevSalts":["hydrochloride","sulfate"],"PubChemId":5284570,"Record Description":["Hydromorphone is a morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class. It has a role as an opioid analgesic and a mu-opioid receptor agonist. It is a morphinane alkaloid and an organic heteropentacyclic compound. It derives from a hydride of a morphinan.","Hydromorphone is a DEA Schedule II controlled substance. Substances in the DEA Schedule II have a high potential for abuse which may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence.","Hydromorphone is a pure opioid, a semi-synthetic hydrogenated ketone derivative of [morphine] that has been available clinically since 1920. Structurally, hydromorphone derived from [morphine] in the modification of the hydroxyl group in the carbon 6 to a carbonyl and the absence of a double bond between the carbon 7 and 8. Due to these modifications, it presents a very high potency and comparable side effect profile to the parent compound. Even though hydromorphone does not present a 6-hydroxyl group, it is categorized under the family of phenanthrenes and it is considered a chemical under the schedule II (medical purposes with high addiction potential).  The first reported approved product containing hydromorphone in the form of hydromorphone hydrochloride was developed by Fresenius Kabi USA and FDA approved in 1984.","Hydromorphone is an Opioid Agonist. The mechanism of action of hydromorphone is as a Full Opioid Agonist.","Hydromorphone is the hydrogenated ketone of morphine, a semi-synthetic opioid with analgesic effects. Hydromorphone selectively binds the mu-opioid receptor which is linked through G-proteins. Binding stimulates the exchange of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) for guanosine diphosphate (GDP) on the G-protein complex and interacts with and inhibits adenylate cyclase located at the inner surface of the plasma membrane. This leads to a reduction in intracellular cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Further, voltage-gated potassium channels are activated, thereby causing hyperpolarization and reducing neuronal excitability. In addition, the opening of voltage-gated calcium channels is inhibited, thereby leading to an inhibition of calcium entry and a reduction in the release of various neurotransmitters, including GABA, vasopressin, somatostatin, insulin and glucagons.","HYDROMORPHONE is a small molecule drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of IV (across all indications) and is indicated for drug dependence and pain and has 16 investigational indications.","Hydromorphone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an opioid analgesic derived from morphine and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action and is more potent than morphine. Hydromorphone is a narcotic analgesic; its principal therapeutic effect is relief of pain. Hydromorphone interacts predominantly with the opioid mu-receptors. These mu-binding sites are discretely distributed in the human brain, with high densities in the posterior amygdala, hypothalamus, thalamus, nucleus caudatus, putamen, and certain cortical areas. They are also found on the terminal axons of primary afferents within laminae I and II (substantia gelatinosa) of the spinal cord and in the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. In clinical settings, Hydromorphone exerts its principal pharmacological effect on the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. Hydromorphone also binds with kappa-receptors which are thought to mediate spinal analgesia, miosis and sedation.","An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.","See also: Hydromorphone Hydrochloride (has salt form).","Hydromorphone is a morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class. It has a role as an opioid analgesic and a mu-opioid receptor agonist. It is a morphinane alkaloid and an organic heteropentacyclic compound. It derives from a hydride of a morphinan.","LiverTox|Analgesic|Severe pain|Opiate"],"References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydromorphone","Name":"Hydromorphone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303646","Name":"Hydromorphone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00327","Name":"Hydromorphone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5284570","Name":"Hydromorphone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"ChEMBL","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL398707","Name":"Hydromorphone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"ChEBI","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:5790","Name":"Hydromorphone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=466-99-9","Name":"Hydromorphone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0014472","Name":"Hydromorphone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C07042","Name":"Hydromorphone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/Q812464R06","Name":"Hydromorphone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID8023133","Name":"Hydromorphone","Sub":false}]}],"Reported Fatal Dose":"Two fatalities exhibited postmortem blood hydromorphone concentrations of 0.5 and 1.2 mg/L, respectively. Lethal blood concentrations of hydromorphone (more than 0.01 mg/dL) were present in 12 individuals who died from the IV use of Dilaudid.","SMILES":"CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)O)O[C@H]3C(=O)CC4","Salts":["hydrochloride","sulfate"],"SaltsAcidCount":[1,1],"SaltsAmineCount":[1,1],"SaltsUNII":["L960UP2KRW","75Y990NH3Z"],"Scheduling":[{"gov":"Australia","schedule":"S8 substance"},{"gov":"Brazil","schedule":"A1 substance"},{"gov":"Canada","schedule":"Schedule I substance"},{"gov":"Germany","schedule":"Anlage III substance"},{"gov":"New Zealand","schedule":"Class B substance"},{"gov":"United Kingdom","schedule":"Class A substance"},{"gov":"United States","schedule":"Schedule II substance"},{"act":"Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961","gov":"United Nations","schedule":"Schedule I narcotic"}],"Solubility":"Highly soluble","Stability/Shelf Life":"Hydromorphone hydrochloride is affected by light; although hydromorphone hydrochloride injection may develop a slight yellowish discoloration, this change apparently does not indicate loss of potency. /Hydromorphone hydrochloride/","StoreUNII":["Q812464R06"],"StructureBase64":"<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" height="84.271mm" version="1.2" viewBox="0 0 79.561 84.271" width="79.561mm">
      
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