{"ATC Code":"A - Alimentary tract and metabolism","Abbreviation":["VG"],"Absorption, Distribution and Excretion":"Well absorbed orally, poorly absorbed rectally.  Studies in humans and animals indicate glycerol is rapidly absorbed in the intestine and the stomach","Biological Half-Life":"30 - 45 minutes","Boiling Point":"554 °","CAS":"56-81-5","ChemicalClasses":[],"Chirality":"achiral","Color/Form":"Syrupy, rhombic plates","Decomposition":"Pure gycerin is not prone to oxidation by the atmosphere under ordinary conditions, but is decomposes on heating with the evolution of toxic acrolein.","Density":"1.261 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink g/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e","Drug Indication":"It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, and sweetening agent.","Drug Warnings":"For rectal use only. May cause rectal discomfort or a burning sensation.","Ecotoxicity Values":"Toxicity threshold (cell multiplication inhibition test) Algae (Microcystis aeruginosa) 2900 mg/l","Esters":[],"European Community (EC) Number":"200-289-5","FDA Pharmacological Classification":"PDC6A3C0OX","Flash Point":"320 °F (NTP, 1992)","Formating":[],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0000131","Health Effects":"Chronically high levels of glycerol are associated with Glycerol Kinase Deficiency.","HeavyAtomCount":6,"Human Drugs":"Human drug -\u003e Active ingredient (GLYCERIN)","IUPACName":"propane-1,2,3-triol","InChI":"InChI=1S/C3H8O3/c4-1-3(6)2-5/h3-6H,1-2H2","InChIKey":"PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N","Interactions":"Concomitant administration of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors or topical miotics may prolong the effects of glycerin.","KEGG Entries":[{"Id":"D00028","Interactions":[],"Synonyms":["Glycerin","Concentrated glycerin","Glycerol","Glycerin, concentrated"]},{"Id":"D04348","Interactions":[],"Synonyms":["Glycerol, iodinated","Organidin"]},{"Id":"D04875","Interactions":[],"Synonyms":["Zinc sulfate, iodine, sodium iodine and glycerin","Neoglycerol"]},{"Id":"D05075","Interactions":[],"Synonyms":["Monothioglycerol"]},{"Id":"D10127","Interactions":[],"Synonyms":["Glycerol phenylbutyrate","Ravicti"]}],"MeSH Pharmacological Classification":"Substances that provide protection against the harmful effects of freezing temperatures.","Mechanism of Action":"When administered rectally, glycerin exerts a hygroscopic and/or local irritant action, drawing water from the tissues into the feces and reflexively stimulating evacuation.  Glycerin decreases intraocular pressure by creating an osmotic gradient between the blood and intraocular fluid, causing fluid to move out of the aqueous and vitreous humors into the bloodstream.","Melting Point":"64 °","Metabolism/Metabolites":"Glycerin is a substrate for synthesis of triacylglycerols and of phospholipids in the liver and adipose tissue. When fat metabolized as a source of energy, glycerol and fatty acids are released into the bloodstream. Circulating glycerin does not glycate proteins and does not lead to the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). In some organisms, the glycerin component can enter the glycolysis pathway directly to provide a substrate for energy or glucose production. Glycerol must be converted to their intermediate glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate before  being used in glycolysis or gluconeogenesis. Glycerol metabolism is regulated by the enzymes glycerol kinase, (cytosolic) NAD+-dependent G3P dehydrogenase and (mitochondrial) FAD-linked G3P dehydrogenase.","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e","MolecularWeight":"92.09 g/mol","Non-Human Toxicity Values":"LD50 Rat sc 0.1 g/kg","Odor":"MILD ODOR","Pharmacodynamics":"Glycerin is commonly classified as an osmotic laxative but may act additionally or alternatively through its local irritant effects; it may also have lubricating and fecal softening actions. Glycerin suppositories usually work within 15 to 30 minutes.","Physical Description":"Glycerine appears as a colorless to brown colored liquid. Combustible but may require some effort to ignite.","PubChemId":753,"Records":{"UNII":{"Impurities":["diethylene glycol","propylene glycol","ethylene glycol"]}},"RefCount":3,"RefCur":"","References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycerol","Name":"Glycerol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132501","Name":"Glycerol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB09462","Name":"Glycerol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/753","Name":"Glycerol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=56-81-5","Name":"Glycerol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0000131","Name":"Glycerol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D00028","Name":"Glycerol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/PDC6A3C0OX","Name":"Glycerol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID9020663","Name":"Glycerol","Sub":false}]}],"Refs":["National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 753, Glycerol. Accessed December 15, 2025. \u003ca href=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/753\u003ehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/753\u003c/a\u003e","U.S. Food and Drug Administration; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Glycerol. UNII: PDC6A3C0OX. Global Substance Registration System. Accessed December 15, 2025. \u003ca href=https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/PDC6A3C0OX\u003ehttps://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/PDC6A3C0OX\u003c/a\u003e"],"SMILES":"C(C(CO)O)O","SaltData":[],"Salts":[],"Solubility":"greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 64 °F (NTP, 1992)","Stability/Shelf Life":"Mixtures of glycerin with water, ethanol (95%), and propylene glycol are chemically stable. Glycerin may crystallize if stored at low temperatures; the crystals do not melt until warmed to 20 °C.","StereoisomerData":[],"Stereoisomers":[],"Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 67.044 26.979\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#fff\"/\u003e\u003cdesc\u003eGenerated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk)\u003c/desc\u003e\u003cg fill=\"#ff0d0d\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\".7\"\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M0 0h68v27H0z\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"mol\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m20.324 1.038 13.198 7.62M33.522 8.658l13.198-7.62M46.72 1.038l9.914 5.724M33.522 8.658v11.319M20.324 1.038l-9.92 5.727\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg stroke=\"none\" class=\"atom\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M62.178 8.655q0 .756-.256 1.328-.256.565-.757.881-.5.315-1.244.315-.756 0-1.262-.315-.506-.316-.756-.887-.244-.572-.244-1.334 0-.75.244-1.309.25-.566.756-.881t1.274-.316q.732 0 1.232.316.501.309.757.875.256.565.256 1.327m-3.864 0q0 .923.387 1.459.393.53 1.22.53.84 0 1.221-.53.387-.536.387-1.459 0-.928-.387-1.452-.381-.524-1.209-.524-.833 0-1.226.524t-.393 1.452M66.484 11.108h-.619V8.822h-2.513v2.286h-.613v-4.9h.613V8.28h2.513V6.208h.619z\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cg stroke=\"none\" class=\"atom\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M35.781 23.895q0 .756-.256 1.328-.256.565-.756.881-.5.315-1.244.315-.756 0-1.262-.315-.506-.316-.756-.887-.244-.572-.244-1.334 0-.75.244-1.309.25-.566.756-.881t1.274-.316q.732 0 1.232.316.5.309.756.875.256.565.256 1.327m-3.864 0q0 .923.387 1.459.393.53 1.221.53.839 0 1.22-.53.387-.536.387-1.459 0-.928-.387-1.452-.381-.524-1.208-.524-.834 0-1.227.524t-.393 1.452M40.087 26.348h-.619v-2.286h-2.512v2.286h-.613v-4.9h.613v2.072h2.512v-2.072h.619z\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cg stroke=\"none\" class=\"atom\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M9.385 8.655q0 .756-.256 1.328-.256.565-.756.881-.5.315-1.245.315-.756 0-1.262-.315-.506-.316-.756-.887-.244-.572-.244-1.334 0-.75.244-1.309.25-.566.756-.881t1.274-.316q.733 0 1.233.316.5.309.756.875.256.565.256 1.327m-3.864 0q0 .923.387 1.459.393.53 1.22.53.84 0 1.221-.53.387-.536.387-1.459 0-.928-.387-1.452-.381-.524-1.209-.524-.833 0-1.226.524t-.393 1.452M4.305 11.108h-.62V8.822H1.173v2.286H.56v-4.9h.613V8.28h2.512V6.208h.62z\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#ff0d0d\" d=\"M56.634 6.762 51.677 3.9M33.522 19.977v-5.66M10.404 6.765l4.96-2.864M10.404 6.765l4.96-2.864\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e","Taste":"Sweet, warm taste","Therapeutic Uses":"Cathartics; Cryoprotective Agents; Solvents; Vehicles","Title":"Glycerol","Toxicity Data":"LC50 (rat) \u003e 570 mg/m3/1h","UNII":"PDC6A3C0OX","Wikidata":"Q132501","Wikipedia":"Glycerol","XLogP":-1.8,"pH":"Neutral to litmus"}