{"ATC Code":["N - Nervous system","N - Nervous system","N01 - Anesthetics","N01A - Anesthetics, general","N01AH - Opioid anesthetics","N01AH01 - Fentanyl","N01AH01; N02AB03","N02 - Analgesics","N02A - Opioids","N02AB - Phenylpiperidine derivatives","N02AB03","N02AB03 - Fentanyl","QN - Nervous system","QN - Nervous system","QN01 - Anesthetics","QN01A - Anesthetics, general","QN01AH - Opioid anesthetics","QN01AH01 - Fentanyl","QN02 - Analgesics","QN02A - Opioids","QN02AB - Phenylpiperidine derivatives","QN02AB03 - Fentanyl"],"Absorption, Distribution and Excretion":"Fentanyl sublingual tablets are 54% bioavailable, transmucosal lozenges are 50% bioavailable, buccal tablets are 65% bioavailable, sublingual spray is 76% bioavailable, and nasal spray is 20% more bioavailable than transmucosal (or approximately 64% bioavailable).  Fentanyl transmucosal lozenges reach a Cmax of 0.4±0.1ng/mL for a 200µg dose and 2.5±0.6ng/mL for a 1600µg dose with a Tmax of 20-40 minutes. The AUC was 172±96ng\\*min/mL for a 200µg dose and 1508±1360ng\\*min/mL for a 1600µg dose.  Fentanyl sublingual spray reached a Cmax of 0.20±0.06ng/mL for a 100µg dose and 1.61±0.60ng/mL for an 800µg dose with a Tmax of 0.69-1.25 hours, decreasing as the dose increased. The AUC was 1.25±0.67ng\\*h/mL for a 100µg dose and 10.38±3.70ng\\*h/mL for a 800µg dose.  Fentanyl transdermal systems reached a Cmax of 0.24±0.20ng/mL with a Tmax of 3.6±1.3h for a 25µg/h dose. The AUC was 0.42±0.35ng/mL\\*h.  Fentanyl nasal spray reaches a Cmax of 815±301pg/mL with a Tmax of less than 1 hour for a 200µg/100µL dose. The AUC was 3772pg\\*h/mL.","Adverse Effects":"ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.","Aliases":["Phentanyl","Fentanil","Fentanest","Duragesic","Sublimase","Fentanylum","Durogesic","Fentanila","Matrifen","Duragesic-100","Duragesic-12","Duragesic-25","Duragesic-50","Duragesic-75","Fentanyl-12","Fentanyl-25","Fentanyl-50","Fentanyl-75","Recuvyra","N-(1-Phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylpropionamide","Subsys","Fentanyl-100","PecFent","Fentanyl CII","effentora","1-Phenethyl-4-N-propionylanilinopiperidine","Fendrop","Durogesic d-trans","N-(1-Phenethyl-4-piperidyl)propionanilide","N-Phenethyl-4-(N-propionylanilino)piperidine","1-Phenethyl-4-(N-phenylpropionamido)piperidine","N-(1-Phenethyl-4-piperidinyl)-N-phenylpropionamide","Fentanilo","Rapinyl","R 4263","Fentanyl Transdermal System","N-Phenyl-N-(1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl)propanamide","Propionanilide, N-(1-phenethyl-4-piperidyl)-","IDS-NF-001","En3267","N02AB03","Chebi:119915","N-(1-Phenethyl-piperidin-4-yl)-N-phenyl-propionamide","AD-923","EN-3267","Dtxcid103049","R4263","Propanamide, N-phenyl-N-(1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl)-","Propanamide, N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-","Fentanyl-37","Fentanyl-62","Fentanyl-87","N-phenyl-N-(1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl)propanamide","Breakyl","Fencino","Mylafent","Opiodur","Osmanil","Recivit","Tilofyl","Victanyl","Osmach","Yemex","Mezolar matrix","Fentanyl System","Durogesic dtrans","Fentalis reservoir","Duragesic-37","N01AH01","207-113-6","Fentora","Sentonil","Sublimaze","CHEMBL596","Ncgc00168252-01","Durotep MT","HSDB 3329","Einecs 207-113-6","JNS020QD","Brn 0494484","N-Phenyl-N-{1-[2-(~2~H_5_)phenylethyl]piperidin-4-yl}propanamide","7V7","FENTANYL-HCl","201415-26-1","Tranq component fentanyl","Fentanyl CRS - * narc","Epitope ID:153507","Schembl8804","Oprea1_152073","Oprea1_207148","5-22-08-00049","Bidd:gt0555","Fentanyl, 1mg/ml in Methanol","Fentanyl cii","GTPL1626","Fentanyl 0.1 mg/ml in Methanol","Fentanyl 1.0 mg/ml in Methanol","Fentanyl, 0.1mg/ml in Methanol","N-(1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl)-N-phenylpropanamide","Tox21_112611","AD 923","Bdbm50008984","HY-U00158","Pdsp1_000860","Pdsp2_000846","CS-7211","DB00813","Cas-437-38-7","NS00000044","N-(1-Phenylethyl-4-piperidinyl)propionanilide","D00320","1-(2-Phenylethyl)-4-(N-propananilido)piperidine","L001275","N-Phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]propanamide #","N-(1-Phenethyl-piperidin-4-yl)-N-phenyl-propionamide(Fentanyl)","Propanamide, n-phenyl-n-(1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl)"],"Biological Half-Life":"The half life of fentanyl is 7  hours. The half life of fentanyl sublingual spray is 5-12 hours.","CAS":"437-38-7","Chemical Classes":"Other Uses -\u003e Pharmaceuticals","ChemicalClasses":["phenethylpiperidine"],"Chirality":"achiral","Classes":["Opioid"],"Color/Form":"Crystals","DTXSID":"9023049","Decomposition":"When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.","Drug Classes":["Breast Feeding","Lactation","Milk, Human","Analgesics, Opioid","Narcotics","Anesthetics, Intravenous","Opiates"],"Drug Indication":"Fentanyl intravenous or intramuscular injections are indicated for short term analgesia during induction, maintenance, and recovery from general or regional anesthesia. These injections are also used with a neuroleptic for premedication, induction, and as an adjunct to maintenance of anesthesia. Finally, fentanyl intravenous or intramuscular injections are used with oxygen for anesthesia in high risk patients.  Fentanyl sublingual tablets, transmucosal lozenges, buccal tablets, sublingual sprays, transdermal systems, and nasal sprays are indicated for the management of breakthrough pain in opioid tolerant cancer patients who require around the clock pain management.","Drug Warnings":"/BOXED WARNING/ WARNING: RISK OF RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION. Fatal respiratory depression has occurred in patients treated with oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate, including following use in opioid non-tolerant patients and improper dosing. The substitution of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate for any other fentanyl product may result in fatal overdose. Due to the risk of respiratory depression, oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate is contraindicated in the management of acute or postoperative pain including headache/migraine and in opioid non-tolerant patients. Death has been reported in children who have accidentally ingested oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate. Oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate must be kept out of reach of children. The concomitant use of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate with CYP3A4 inhibitors may result in an increase in fentanyl plasma concentrations, and may cause potentially fatal respiratory depression. /Fentanyl citrate lozenge/","DurationOfAction":"Intravaneous: 30 – 60 minutes\u003ca href='#cite_note-5'\u003e\u003csup\u003e[5]\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e","EliminationHalfLife":"Intravaneous: 6 mins (T\u003csub\u003e1/2\u003c/sub\u003e α) 1 hours (T\u003csub\u003e1/2\u003c/sub\u003e β) 16 hours (T\u003csub\u003e1/2\u003c/sub\u003e ɣ)Intranasal: 15 – 25 hoursTransdermal: 20 – 27 hoursSublingual: 5 – 13.5 hoursBuccal: 3.2 – 6.4 hours","Erowid Experience Reports":[{"Author":"Soren","Id":46825,"Title":"Legal experiences with Fentanyl"},{"Author":"Cactushead","Id":51301,"Title":"Various Methods of Ingestion"},{"Author":"WeaponX","Id":68142,"Title":"Lollipop Flop"},{"Author":"W","Id":63381,"Title":"Smoke Smoke Yes"},{"Author":"Paul","Id":30649,"Title":"Chillin' for a While"},{"Author":"ML","Id":36010,"Title":"Lollipops vs. Patches"},{"Author":"Dozer","Id":73218,"Title":"Care and Comfort"},{"Author":"rusty s.","Id":16951,"Title":"On a Cigarette"},{"Author":"murky303","Id":16265,"Title":"Licit Experiences"},{"Author":"May","Id":74323,"Title":"Why Fight?"},{"Author":"OxyFace","Id":70322,"Title":"Pleasurable Poppies"},{"Author":"Junkie Scientist","Id":74411,"Title":"Got Sucked in and Couldn't Stop"},{"Author":"Bran Man","Id":76065,"Title":"A Shortcut to Death"},{"Author":"SpinePAIN E101","Id":67608,"Title":"Baking Soda Method"},{"Author":"Sm0ke42o","Id":54277,"Title":"Good Effin Times"},{"Author":"Namaste","Id":64396,"Title":"Long Term Medical Use, Withdrawal, Overdosing"},{"Author":"Legend","Id":55216,"Title":"Lucid Dreaming"},{"Author":"Eltigre","Id":55455,"Title":"One Single Drop"},{"Author":"Noble Experimenter","Id":56055,"Title":"I Need to Be Careful With This Substance"},{"Author":"Matt Himself","Id":59235,"Title":"On the Good Ship Lollipop"},{"Author":"Selfguineapig","Id":119274,"Title":"I Decided to Detox Myself"},{"Author":"Zilla","Id":66437,"Title":"A Day of Bliss, a Night of Nirvana"},{"Author":"An Evilbeast","Id":62156,"Title":"Unbelievable Wave After Wave of Soothing Warmth"},{"Author":"phallout","Id":62566,"Title":"Euphoric Vomiting"},{"Author":"Psych0naut","Id":63581,"Title":"Relaxation on a Blotter"},{"Author":"cs","Id":78373,"Title":"A Wonderful Three Days"}],"Esters":[],"European Community (EC) Number":"207-113-6","FDA Pharmacological Classification":[{"Name":"FDA UNII","ReferenceNumber":40,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"UF599785JZ"}]}},{"Name":"Active Moiety","ReferenceNumber":40,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"FENTANYL"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":40,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"Mechanisms of Action [MoA] - Full Opioid Agonists"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":40,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"Established Pharmacologic Class [EPC] - Opioid Agonist"}]}},{"Name":"FDA Pharmacology Summary","ReferenceNumber":40,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"Markup":[{"Extra":"CID-3345","Length":8,"Start":0,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Fentanyl"},{"Extra":"CID-3345","Length":8,"Start":58,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/fentanyl"}],"String":"Fentanyl is an Opioid Agonist. The mechanism of action of fentanyl is as a Full Opioid Agonist."}]}},{"Name":"Non-Proprietary Name","ReferenceNumber":79,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"FENTANYL"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":79,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"Opioid Agonist [EPC]; Full Opioid Agonists [MoA]"}]}}],"Formating":[],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0014951","Health Effects":"Medical problems can include congested lungs, liver disease, tetanus, infection of the heart valves, skin abscesses, anemia and pneumonia. Death can occur from overdose.","HeavyAtomCount":25,"Human Drugs":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Analgesics, Opioid; Narcotics; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Opiates","IUPACName":"N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]propanamide","InChI":"InChI=1S/C22H28N2O/c1-2-22(25)24(20-11-7-4-8-12-20)21-14-17-23(18-15-21)16-13-19-9-5-3-6-10-19/h3-12,21H,2,13-18H2,1H3","InChIKey":"PJMPHNIQZUBGLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N","Interactions":"Serotonin syndrome is a syndrome identified by a triad of altered mental status, neuromuscular overactivity, and autonomic instability caused by the overstimulation of serotonin in the central nervous system and periphery. Serotonin syndrome may be provoked with the addition or increase in serotonergic agents such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors as well as other agents with serotonergic properties. Some narcotics, including fentanyl and methadone, have these properties and may be associated with the development of serotonin syndrome when used in conjunction with other agents. Currently, there are no identified case reports of narcotics as the sole agent causing serotonin syndrome. This report provides a brief overview of serotonin syndrome, particularly with cases involving administration of narcotics such as fentanyl and methadone. The case described is the first report associated with fentanyl and methadone without the coadministration of other serotonergic agents, and a possible drug interaction with voriconazole is discussed. This raises awareness of using multiple serotonergic narcotics and the potential precipitation of serotonin syndrome.","KEGG Entries":[{"Id":"D00320","Interactions":[{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP3A4"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP3A4"}],"Synonyms":["Fentanyl","Duragesic","Subsys"]},{"Id":"D01399","Interactions":[{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP3A4"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP3A4"}],"Synonyms":["Fentanyl citrate","Abstral","Fentora","Lazanda","Oralet"]},{"Id":"D10811","Interactions":[{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP3A4"},{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP3A4"}],"Synonyms":["Fentanyl hydrochloride","Ionsys"]},{"Id":"D00320","Interactions":[{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP3A4"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP3A4"}],"Synonyms":["Fentanyl","Duragesic","Subsys"]}],"MeSH Headers":[{"Id":"M0008338","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0008338.html","Name":"Fentanyl","Ref":121},{"Id":"M0008340","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0008340.html","Name":"Fentanest","Ref":123},{"Id":"M0514533","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0514533.html","Name":"Duragesic","Ref":124},{"Id":"DescTree","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":"MeSH Tree","Ref":125},{"Id":"PubMed from MeSH","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":null,"Ref":155},{"Id":"M0001068","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0001068.html","Name":"Analgesics, Opioid","Ref":156},{"Id":"M0001144","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0001144.html","Name":"Adjuvants, Anesthesia","Ref":157},{"Id":"M0014481","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0014481.html","Name":"Narcotics","Ref":158},{"Id":"M0027999","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0027999.html","Name":"Anesthetics, Intravenous","Ref":159}],"MeSH Pharmacological Classification":[{"Id":"M0001068","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0001068.html","Name":"Analgesics, Opioid","Ref":156},{"Id":"M0001144","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0001144.html","Name":"Adjuvants, Anesthesia","Ref":157},{"Id":"M0014481","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0014481.html","Name":"Narcotic","Ref":158},{"Id":"M0027999","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0027999.html","Name":"Anesthetics, Intravenou","Ref":159}],"Mechanism of Action":"Fentanyl binds to opioid receptors, especially the mu opioid receptor, which are coupled to G-proteins. Activation of opioid receptors causes GTP to be exchanged for GDP on the G-proteins which in turn down regulates adenylate cyclase, reducing concentrations of cAMP. Reduced cAMP decreases cAMP dependant influx of calcium ions into the cell. The exchange of GTP for GDP results in hyperpolarization of the cell and inhibition of nerve activity.","Melting Point":"83-84","Metabolism/Metabolites":"Fentanyl is metabolized to a number of inactive metabolites. Fentanyl is 99% N-dealkylated to norfentanyl by cytochrome P450. It can also be amide hydrolyzed to despropionylfentanyl, or alkyl hydroxylated to hydroxyfentanyl which is N-dealkylated to hydroxynorfentanyl.","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e22\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e28\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO","MolecularWeight":"336.5 g/mol","Non-Human Toxicity Values":"LD50 Mouse sc 62 mg/kg /Fentanyl citrate/","Pharmacodynamics":"Fentanyl produces strong analgesia through its activation of opioid receptors. It has a duration of action of several hours and a wider therapeutic index as patients develop tolerance to opioids. Fentanyl is associated with a risk of addiction and abuse and should not be mixed with alcohol or benzodiazepines.","Physical Description":"Solid","PubChemId":3345,"PubChemTitle":"Fentanyl","Reagents":[{"Colors":["#ffffff","#fd7322","#51240b"],"Name":"Marquis"},{"Colors":["#ffffff","#3f8a1f"],"Name":"Mecke"},{"Colors":["#f0d41d","#ffffcc"],"Name":"Mandelin"}],"Record Description":["LiverTox|Analgesic|Severe pain|Opiate"],"Records":{"UNII":{"Impurities":["norfentanyl","acetylfentanyl","despropionylfentanyl","2-chloro-n-phenyl-n-(1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl)propanamide, (±)-","phenethyl bromide","4-anilinopiperidine","benzylfentanyl","benzaldehyde","n-phenyl-1-(phenylmethyl)-4-piperidinamine","phenethyl-4-anpp"]}},"RefChem":"6639","RefCount":6,"RefCur":"","References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fentanyl","Name":"Fentanyl","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407541","Name":"Fentanyl","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/DB00813","Name":"Fentanyl","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3345","Name":"Fentanyl","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=437-38-7","Name":"Fentanyl","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0014951","Name":"Fentanyl","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D00320","Name":"Fentanyl","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/UF599785JZ","Name":"Fentanyl","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID9023049","Name":"Fentanyl","Sub":false}]}],"Refs":["National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 3345, Fentanyl. Accessed May 24, 2026. \u003ca href=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3345\u003ehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3345\u003c/a\u003e","U.S. Food and Drug Administration; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Fentanyl. UNII: UF599785JZ. Global Substance Registration System. Accessed May 24, 2026. \u003ca href=https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/UF599785JZ\u003ehttps://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/UF599785JZ\u003c/a\u003e","Instanyl EPAR. July 20, 2009. Accessed May 24, 2026. \u003ca href=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/instanyl\u003ehttps://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/instanyl\u003c/a\u003e","Effentora EPAR. April 4, 2008. Accessed May 24, 2026. \u003ca href=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/effentora\u003ehttps://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/effentora\u003c/a\u003e","Guideline for administration of fentanyl for pain relief in labour. RCP. Accessed May 24, 2026. \u003ca href=http://rcp.nshealth.ca/sites/default/files/clinical-practice-guidelines/fentanyl.pdf\u003ehttp://rcp.nshealth.ca/sites/default/files/clinical-practice-guidelines/fentanyl.pdf\u003c/a\u003e"],"Reported Fatal Dose":"Minimum Lethal Dosage: Fentanyl 250 ug.","SMILES":"CCC(=O)N(C1CCN(CC1)CCC2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3","SaltData":[{"AcidCount":1,"Amine":"Fentanyl","AmineCount":1,"Formula":"C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O","Name":"citrate","RName":"citrate","Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 220.787 101.145\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#fff\"/\u003e\u003cdesc\u003eGenerated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk)\u003c/desc\u003e\u003cg fill=\"#ff0d0d\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\".7\"\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M0 0h221v102H0z\"/\u003e\u003cg 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substance"},{"gov":"Canada","ref":[],"schedule":"Schedule I substance"},{"gov":"Germany","ref":[],"schedule":"Anlage III substance"},{"gov":"New Zealand","ref":[],"schedule":"Class B substance"},{"gov":"United Kingdom","ref":[],"schedule":"Class A substance"},{"gov":"United States","ref":[],"schedule":"Controlled Substances Act#Schedule II|Schedule II substance"},{"gov":"European Union","ref":["3","4"],"schedule":"prescription only substance"},{"act":"Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961","gov":"United Nations","ref":[],"schedule":"Schedule I narcotic"}],"Solubility":"0.74mg/mL","StereoisomerData":[],"Stereoisomers":[],"Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 147.262 101.145\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#fff\"/\u003e\u003cdesc\u003eGenerated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk)\u003c/desc\u003e\u003cg fill=\"#3050f8\" stroke=\"#000\" 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class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e","Subjective Effects":{"Cognitive Effects":["Cognitive euphoria","Thought deceleration","Anxiety suppression","Compulsive redosing","Increased music appreciation"],"Physical Effects":["Respiratory depression","Pain relief","Itchiness","Constipation","Cough suppression","Sedation","Nausea","Pupil constriction","Stomach cramp","Difficulty urinating"],"Visual Effects":["Double vision"]},"Therapeutic Uses":"Analgesics, Opioid; Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Narcotics; Anesthetics, Intravenous","Title":"Fentanyl","Toxicity Data":"LD50: 3.1 mg/kg (rat)\nLD50: 0.03 mg/kg (monkeys)","Treatment":"For the management of hypoventilation, immediate countermeasures include removing the Fentanyl and physically or verbally stimulating the patient. These actions can be followed by administration of a specific narcotic antagonist such as naloxone. The duration of hypoventilation following an overdose may be longer than the effects of the narcotic antagonist's action (the half-life of naloxone ranges from 30 to 81 minutes). The interval between IV antagonist doses should be carefully chosen because of the possibility of re-narcotization after system removal; repeated administration of naloxone may be necessary. Reversal of the narcotic effect may result in acute onset of pain and the release of catecholamines. Always ensure a patent airway is established and maintained, administer oxygen and assist or control respiration as indicated and use an oropharyngeal airway or endotracheal tube if necessary. Adequate body temperature and fluid intake should be maintained. (L1712)","UNII":"UF599785JZ","Wikidata":"Q407541","Wikipedia":"Fentanyl","XLogP":4}