{"ATC Code":"D08AX08","Abbreviation":"Alcohol","Aliases":["ethyl alcohol","alcohol","grain alcohol","Methylcarbinol","Ethyl hydrate","Tecsol","Algrain","Anhydrol","EtOH","Hydroxyethane"],"Biological Half-Life":"... The concentrations of ethanol and methanol in blood were determined indirectly by analysis of end-expired alveolar air. In the morning when blood-ethanol dropped below the Km of liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) of about 100 mg/L (2.2 mM), the disappearance half-life of ethanol was 21, 22, 18 and 15 min. in 4 test subjects respectively. ...","Boiling Point":"173.3 °","CAS":"64-17-5","ChEBI":"CHEBI:16236","ChEMBL":"CHEMBL545","ChemicalClasses":["alcohol"],"Chirality":"achiral","Classes":null,"Color/Form":"Clear, colorless, very mobile liquid","Density":"0.79 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float g/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e","Drug Classes":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Central Nervous System Depressants","Drug Indication":"For therapeutic neurolysis of nerves or ganglia for the relief of intractable chronic pain in such conditions as inoperable cancer and trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux), in patients for whom neurosurgical procedures are contraindicated.","Drug Warnings":"Although there is a dose response relationship between alcohol consumption and liver damage, less than one-third of alcoholics develop alcoholic liver disease (ALD). This individual susceptibility to the development of alcoholic liver disease may be explained by genetic and environmental factors. Of the genetic factors, female sex is clearly a significant risk factor, human leukocyte antigen status is probably important but further studies are needed, abnormalities in alcohol metabolism have not been shown to be of primary pathogenic importance and the plethora of immunological disturbances reported appear to be mere epiphenomena. Of the environmental factors, no consistent evidence attests to the significance of hepatitis B viral infection in the susceptibility to developing alcoholic liver disease.","DrugClasses":["depressant"],"EINECS":"200-578-6","Erowid Experience Reports":[{"Author":"Useless Drunk","Id":"102092","Title":"Flawed Genetics"},{"Author":"BxBk","Id":"103626","Title":"Solution or Problem"},{"Author":"unrealalcoholism","Id":"104523","Title":"4 or 5 Pulls Off a Nebulizer"},{"Author":"pseudonymmmmmmm","Id":"105301","Title":"Entering the Void of Nothingness"},{"Author":"Blueveil","Id":"110051","Title":"15 Years"},{"Author":"CrystalMan07","Id":"112517","Title":"Less Is More, Tipsy Is Better Than Blackout"},{"Author":"PeriodicallyOK","Id":"114267","Title":"The Light at the End of the Tunnel Is Hope"},{"Author":"Albino","Id":"12948","Title":"One Step Further"},{"Author":"Nikki","Id":"11879","Title":"Drinking Contest Turned Beadly..."},{"Author":"Pork Soda","Id":"12756","Title":"Mazel Tov"},{"Author":"Nicu","Id":"14442","Title":"First the Warmth"},{"Author":"Anonymous","Id":"15267","Title":"Reconsider Heavy Drinking"},{"Author":"Matt","Id":"13903","Title":"Too Much"},{"Author":"John","Id":"14574","Title":"Blue Curaco"},{"Author":"Stephen","Id":"16830","Title":"With Diabetes"},{"Author":"Soma","Id":"18002","Title":"Total Memory Eclipse"},{"Author":"Dr. X","Id":"18519","Title":"An Interesting Night?"},{"Author":"gatsby","Id":"18375","Title":"Use a Goddam Sitter"},{"Author":"Raoul","Id":"20616","Title":"Spit It Out"},{"Author":"Unfortunate","Id":"21455","Title":"Then and Now"},{"Author":"foolish","Id":"21502","Title":"Fond of the Drink"},{"Author":"W0lf","Id":"22555","Title":"Gone Psycho"},{"Author":"Noirceuil","Id":"22304","Title":"In the Moment..."},{"Author":"Boozetasm","Id":"23442","Title":"Retrospective on a Decade of Drinking"},{"Author":"Soma","Id":"26200","Title":"No Guilt Drunkeness"},{"Author":"Stupid metal head","Id":"27677","Title":"Know your Limit..."}],"Esters":["acetate","stearate"],"European Community (EC) Number":"200-578-6","FDA Pharmacological Classification":"LOTION","Flash Point":"55 °F (NTP, 1992)","HMDB ID":"HMDB0000108","HeavyAtomCount":3,"Human Drugs":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Central Nervous System Depressants","IUPACName":"ethanol","InChI":"InChI=1S/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3","InChIKey":"LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N","MeSH Pharmacological Classification":"Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects. (See all compounds classified as Anti-Infective Agents, Local.)","Melting Point":"-173.4 °F (NTP, 1992)","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eO","MolecularWeight":"46.07 g/mol","Odor":"Pleasant","PD":"PDI Sani Hands","Pharmacodynamics":"Alcohol produces injury to cells by dehydration and precipitation of the cytoplasm or protoplasm. This accounts for its bacteriocidal and antifungal action. When alcohol is injected in close proximity to nerve tissues, it produces neuritis and nerve degeneration (neurolysis). Ninety to 98% of ethanol that enters the body is completely oxidized. Ethanol is also used as a cosolvent to dissolve many insoluble drugs and to serve as a mild sedative in some medicinal formulations. Ethanol also binds to GABA, glycine, NMDA receptors and modulates their effects. Ethanol is also metabolised by the hepatic enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase.","Physical Description":"Ethanol with a small amount of an adulterant added so as to be unfit for use as a beverage.","PrevSalts":[],"PubChemId":702,"Record Description":["Ethyl alcohol in alcoholic beverages can cause developmental toxicity according to an independent committee of scientific and health experts.","Ethanol with a small amount of an adulterant added so as to be unfit for use as a beverage.","Ethanol appears as a clear colorless liquid with a characteristic vinous odor and pungent taste. Flash point 55 °F. Density 6.5 lb / gal. Vapors are heavier than air.","Ethanol is a primary alcohol that is ethane in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has a role as an antiseptic drug, a polar solvent, a neurotoxin, a central nervous system depressant, a teratogenic agent, a NMDA receptor antagonist, a protein kinase C agonist, a disinfectant, a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a primary alcohol, an alkyl alcohol, a volatile organic compound and a member of ethanols. It is a conjugate acid of an ethoxide.","The CIR Expert Panel concluded that Alcohol Denat.... denatured with t-Butyl Alcohol, Denatonium Benzoate, Diethyl Phthalate, or Methyl Alcohol are safe in the practices of use and concentration as described in this safety assessment, and, that Denatonium Benzoate is safe as a denaturant. The CIR Expert Panel concluded that the available data are insufficient to support the safety of Alcohol Denat.... denatured with Quassin, Brucine, and Brucine Sulfate in cosmetic products, and that the available data are insufficient to support the safety of Quassin, Brucine, and Brucine Sulfate as denaturants.","A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in alcoholic beverages.","Ethanol is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).","Ethanol has been reported in Humulus lupulus, Tuber melanosporum, and other organisms with data available.","Alcohol is a volatile liquid prepared by fermentation of certain carbohydrates. Alcohol acts as a central nervous system (CNS) depressant, a diuretic, and a disinfectant. Although the exact mechanism of CNS depression is unknown, alcohol may act by inhibiting the opening of calcium channels, mediated by the binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) to GABA-A receptors, or through inhibitory actions at N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors. Alcohol inhibits the production of antidiuretic hormone, thereby producing diuresis that may lead to dehydration. This agent kills organisms by denaturing their proteins.","ALCOHOL is a small molecule drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of IV (across all indications) and has 3 approved and 41 investigational indications.","Ethanol is a clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in alcoholic beverages. Indeed, ethanol has widespread use as a solvent of substances intended for human contact or consumption, including scents, flavorings, colorings, and medicines. Ethanol has a depressive effect on the central nervous system and because of its psychoactive effects, it is considered a drug. Ethanol has a complex mode of action and affects multiple systems in the brain, most notably it acts as an agonist to the GABA receptors. Death from ethanol consumption is possible when blood alcohol level reaches 0.4%. A blood level of 0.5% or more is commonly fatal. Levels of even less than 0.1% can cause intoxication, with unconsciousness often occurring at 0.3-0.4 %. Ethanol is metabolized by the body as an energy-providing carbohydrate nutrient, as it metabolizes into acetyl CoA, an intermediate common with glucose metabolism, that can be used for energy in the citric acid cycle or for biosynthesis. Ethanol within the human body is converted into acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase and then into acetic acid by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. The product of the first step of this breakdown, acetaldehyde, is more toxic than ethanol. Acetaldehyde is linked to most of the clinical effects of alcohol. It has been shown to increase the risk of developing cirrhosis of the liver,[77] multiple forms of cancer, and alcoholism. Industrially, ethanol is produced both as a petrochemical, through the hydration of ethylene, and biologically, by fermenting sugars with yeast. Small amounts of ethanol are endogenously produced by gut microflora through anaerobic fermentation. However most ethanol detected in biofluids and tissues likely comes from consumption of alcoholic beverages. Absolute ethanol or anhydrous alcohol generally refers to purified ethanol, containing no more than one percent water. Absolute alcohol is not intended for human consumption. It often contains trace amounts of toxic benzene (used to remove water by azeotropic distillation). Consumption of this form of ethanol can be fatal over a short time period. Generally absolute or pure ethanol is used as a solvent for lab and industrial settings where water will disrupt a desired reaction. Pure ethanol is classed as 200 proof in the USA and Canada, equivalent to 175 degrees proof in the UK system.","Ethanol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.","A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.","See also: Denatured Alcohol (narrower); Alcohol; Benzocaine (component of); Alcohol; dextrose (component of) ... View More ...","Ethyl alcohol in alcoholic beverages can cause developmental toxicity according to an independent committee of scientific and health experts.","Ethanol is a primary alcohol that is ethane in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has a role as an antiseptic drug, a polar solvent, a neurotoxin, a central nervous system depressant, a teratogenic agent, a NMDA receptor antagonist, a protein kinase C agonist, a disinfectant, a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a primary alcohol, an alkyl alcohol, a volatile organic compound and a member of ethanols. It is a conjugate acid of an ethoxide."],"RefCount":3,"References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol","Name":"Ethanol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153","Name":"Ethanol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00898","Name":"Ethanol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/702","Name":"Ethanol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"ScienceMadness","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.sciencemadness.org/smwiki/index.php/Ethanol","Name":"Ethanol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"ChEMBL","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL545","Name":"Ethanol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"ChEBI","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:16236","Name":"Ethanol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Probes \u0026 Drugs","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.probes-drugs.org/compound/PDI Sani Hands","Name":"Ethanol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=64-17-5","Name":"Ethanol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0000108","Name":"Ethanol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C00469","Name":"Ethanol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/3K9958V90M","Name":"Ethanol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID9020584","Name":"Ethanol","Sub":false}]}],"Refs":["National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 702, Ethanol. Accessed June 29, 2025. \u003ca href=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/702\u003ehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/702\u003c/a\u003e","U.S. Food and Drug Administration; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Ethanol. UNII: 3K9958V90M. Global Substance Registration System. Accessed June 29, 2025. \u003ca href=https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/3K9958V90M\u003ehttps://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/3K9958V90M\u003c/a\u003e"],"Reported Fatal Dose":"... The fatal dose of ethanol is between 500 and 1000 mL of 100-proof liquor (50% ethanol), ingested in an hour or two. ...","SMILES":"CCO","ScienceMadness":"Ethanol","Solubility":"greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 73 °F (NTP, 1992)","Stability/Shelf Life":"Stable under recommended storage conditions.","StoreUNII":["3K9958V90M"],"StructureBase64":"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","Subjective Effects":null,"Taste":"Burning","Therapeutic Uses":"/EXPL THER/ Ethanol lock therapy (ELT) has emerged as an effective method for the prevention and treatment of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), but the safety of ELT in infants has not been established. The objective of this study was to determine blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and evidence of hepatic injury in infants after infusing a small one-time dose of ethanol, equivalent to the volume that would be flushed through the central venous catheter (CVC) after ELT is completed. This was a prospective pilot study in infants weighing \u003c/=6 kg with and without liver dysfunction who had a CVC. The primary end points were 5-minute and 1-hour BACs after a 0.4-mL dose of 70% ethanol was flushed through the CVC. Acceptable BACs were defined as \u003c0.025% at 5 minutes and \u003c0.01% at 1 hour. The secondary end point was evidence of hepatic injury, defined as a change of greater than 2 times the upper limit of normal of any component in the hepatic panel in patients with a normal baseline panel or doubling of any component in the hepatic panel in patients with an abnormal baseline panel (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, total or direct bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, or alkaline phosphatase). A total of 10 patients were included for analysis, with a mean age and weight of 3.5 +/- 2.4 months and 4.5 +/- 0.9 kg, respectively. All patients had acceptable BACs and no evidence of hepatic injury. In 8 patients, 5-minute BACs were undetectable; BACs of the other 2 patients were 0.011%. One-hour BACs in all patients were undetectable. Flushing ELT resulted in acceptable BACs and no evidence of hepatic injury in this patient cohort. Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term safety and efficacy of ethanol infusion after ELT in this patient population for the prevention and treatment of CLABSIs.","Title":"Ethanol","UNII":"3K9958V90M","Wikidata":"Q153","Wikipedia":"Ethanol","XLogP":-0.1}