{"ATC Code":["N - Nervous system","N05 - Psycholeptics","N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives","N05CF - Benzodiazepine related drugs","N05CF04 - Eszopiclone","QN - Nervous system","QN05 - Psycholeptics","QN05C - Hypnotics and sedatives","QN05CF - Benzodiazepine related drugs","QN05CF04 - Eszopiclone"],"Absorption, Distribution and Excretion":"Eszopiclone is rapidly absorbed and the peak concentration is reached within about 1 hour after oral administration. The mean AUC after a 3 mg dose of eszopiclone was 278 ng/mL × h. The consumption of a high-fat has been shown to slow absorption.  Steady-state concentrations of eszopiclone are reached within 24-48 hours.","Aliases":["Lunesta","Zopiclone","Estorra","Esopiclone","Eszopiclon","Eszopiclone civ","SEP-190","eszopiclona","(5S)-6-(5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-7-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo(3,4-b)pyrazin-5-yl 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate","[(7S)-6-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-5-oxo-7H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-7-yl] 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate","Chebi:53760","Gsk-1755165","1-Piperazinecarboxylic acid, 4-methyl-, (5S)-6-(5-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-6,7-dihydro-7-oxo-5H-pyrrolo(3,4-b)pyrazin-5-yl ester","Dtxcid6026086","(5S)-6-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-7-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate","eszopiclonum","Zopiclone s-","((7S)-6-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-5-oxo-7H-pyrrolo(3,4-b)pyrazin-7-yl) 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate","(5S)-6-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-7-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo(3,4-b)pyrazin-5-yl-4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate","(5S)-6-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-7-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl-4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate","1-Piperazinecarobxylic acid,4-methyl-,(5S)-6-(5-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-6,7-dihydro-7-oxo-5H-pyrrolo(3,4-b)pyrazin-5-yl ester","1-Piperazinecarobxylic acid,4-methyl-,(5S)-6-(5-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-6,7-dihydro-7-oxo-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl ester","N05CF04","(5S)-6(chloropyridine-2-yl)-7-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo(3,4-b)-pyrazin-5-yl-4-methyl-piperazine-1-carboxylate","6-(5-Chloro-2-pyridinyl)-7-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo(3,4-b)pyrazin-5-yl-4-methyl-1-piperazinecarboxylate","Zopiclone s-form","SEP-225441","(5S)-6-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-7-oxo-5H,6H,7H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate","Ncgc00159515-02","C17H17ClN6O3","Lunivia","Cas-138729-47-2","HSDB 7472","Sr-05000001914","DEA No. 2784","(5S)-6-(5-chloropyrid-2-yl)-5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyloxy-7-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5h-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine","KS-1055","Sep-0227018","Sep-0227108","CHEMBL1522","Schembl28657","[(7S)-6-(5-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-oxo-7H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-7-yl] 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate","Mls001165744","orb146149","Spectrum1505188","GTPL7429","HMS2864O09","HMS3259B17","HMS3264F04","Tox21_111733","Bdbm50247998","Mfcd03700720","Akos015895596","Tox21_111733_1","AC-5546","AC-5547","CCG-213172","DB00402","NC00663","Ncgc00159515-03","FE156792","Smr000550478","NS00116255","D02624","Ab00828423_06","Sr-05000001914-1","Sr-05000001914-2","Brd-k29220403-001-10-8","(6-(5-Chloro-2-pyridyl)-6,7-dihydro-7-oxo-5H-pyrrolo(3,4-b)pyrazin-5-yl) -4-methyl-1-piperazine carboxylate","6-(5-Chloro-2-pyridinyl)- 7-oxo- 6,7-dihydro- 5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl- 4-methyl- 1-piperazinecarboxylate","1140433-81-3"],"Biological Half-Life":"The half-life is 6.1 hours in healthy patients but is prolonged in various patients, including those with hepatic impairment, elderly patients, in addition to those taking CYP3A enzyme inhibiting drugs.","CAS":"138729-47-2","ChemicalClasses":["cyclopyrrolone"],"Chirality":"absolute","Color/Form":"White to light-yellow crystalline solid","DBI-IGS":["Zopiclone"],"DTXSID":"8046086","Dosing Info":[{"Method":"Sublingual","Tiers":{"Common":{"Entries":5,"Lower":6.8,"Percentage":22.7,"Unit":"mg","Upper":8.8},"Extreme":{"Entries":3,"Lower":14.7,"Percentage":13.6,"Unit":"mg","Upper":14.7},"Heavy":{"Entries":1,"Lower":10,"Percentage":4.5,"Unit":"mg","Upper":14.7},"Light":{"Entries":6,"Lower":6.8,"Percentage":27.3,"Unit":"mg","Upper":6.8},"Strong":{"Entries":7,"Lower":8.8,"Percentage":31.8,"Unit":"mg","Upper":10}}},{"Method":"Oral","Tiers":{"Common":{"Entries":5,"Lower":13.2,"Percentage":23.8,"Unit":"mg","Upper":20},"Extreme":{"Entries":0,"Lower":30,"Percentage":0,"Unit":"mg","Upper":30},"Heavy":{"Entries":5,"Lower":22.5,"Percentage":23.8,"Unit":"mg","Upper":30},"Light":{"Entries":10,"Lower":13.2,"Percentage":47.6,"Unit":"mg","Upper":13.2},"Strong":{"Entries":1,"Lower":20,"Percentage":4.8,"Unit":"mg","Upper":22.5}}}],"Drug Classes":["Breast Feeding","Lactation","Milk, Human","Hypnotics and Sedatives"],"Drug Indication":"Eszopiclone is indicated for the treatment of insomnia.","Drug Warnings":"Since sleep disturbances may be a manifestation of a physical and/or psychiatric disorder, symptomatic treatment of insomnia should be initiated only after careful evaluation of the patient. The failure of insomnia to remit after 7-10 days of therapy may indicate the presence of an underlying psychiatric and/or medical condition requiring evaluation.","Druglikeness":{"Lipinski":{"Passes":true,"Violations":0}},"EliminationHalfLife":"6 hours","Erowid Experience Reports":[],"Esters":[],"European Community (EC) Number":"620-471-1","Formating":[],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0014546","HeavyAtomCount":27,"Human Drugs":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Hypnotics and Sedatives","IUPACName":"[(7S)-6-(5-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-5-oxo-7H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-7-yl] 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate","InChI":"InChI=1S/C17H17ClN6O3/c1-22-6-8-23(9-7-22)17(26)27-16-14-13(19-4-5-20-14)15(25)24(16)12-3-2-11(18)10-21-12/h2-5,10,16H,6-9H2,1H3/t16-/m0/s1","InChIKey":"GBBSUAFBMRNDJC-INIZCTEOSA-N","Interactions":"An additive effect on psychomotor performance was seen with coadministration of eszopiclone and ethanol 0.70 g/kg for up to 4 hours after ethanol administration.","MeSH Headers":[{"Id":"M0463158","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0463158.html","Name":"Eszopiclone","Ref":57},{"Id":"M0489635","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0489635.html","Name":"Lunesta","Ref":59},{"Id":"M0504261","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0504261.html","Name":"Estorra","Ref":60},{"Id":"DescTree","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":"MeSH Tree","Ref":61},{"Id":"PubMed from MeSH","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":null,"Ref":85},{"Id":"M0010885","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0010885.html","Name":"Hypnotics and Sedatives","Ref":86}],"MeSH Pharmacological Classification":[{"Id":"M0010885","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0010885.html","Name":"Hypnotics and Sedative","Ref":86}],"Mechanism of Action":"The exact mechanism of action of eszopiclone is unknown at this time but is thought to occur via binding with the GABA receptor complexes at binding sites located near benzodiazepine receptors, possibly explaining its hypnotic and sedative effects. It has particular affinity for GABA-A (or GABAA) receptor subunits 1, 3 and 5. Eszopiclone increases GABA-A channel currents significantly. GABA-A channels are major inhibitory channels that cause CNS depression when their receptors are activated.","Melting Point":"202-203","Metabolism/Metabolites":"Following oral administration, eszopiclone is extensively biotransformed and the major metabolites are S-desmethylzopiclone and zopiclone-N-oxide, which are largely inactive.. The enzymes involved in the metabolism of eszopiclone are CYP3A (the primary metabolizing enzyme), CYP2C8, and CYP2E1.  The N-oxide derivative shows weak pharmacological activity in animals. The N-desmethyl metabolite is pharmacologically active.","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e17\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e17\u003c/sub\u003eClN\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e","MolecularWeight":"388.8 g/mol","Opticalactivity":"( + )","Passes":true,"Pharmacodynamics":"Eszopiclone rapidly induces sleep and decreases sleep latency. It also aids in the maintenance of sleep, preventing frequent awakenings. This drug has shown anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant properties in animals but is used in humans for its sedating effects.  Eszopiclone is a central nervous system depressant with various effects. These include changes in alertness and motor coordination and the risk of next morning impairment, increasing with the amount of eszopiclone administered.  Exercise caution and advise against driving a motor vehicle or activities that require full mental alertness the next morning. Complex sleep behaviors may result from eszopiclone use. Eszopiclone should be discontinued in these cases. Avoid the use of alcohol and other CNS depressants when eszopiclone is administered. Advise patients to skip the eszopiclone dose if alcohol has been consumed before bed or during the evening. Use the smallest dose of eszopiclone as possible, especially in elderly patients, who may experience exaggerated drug effects. Though the potential for dependence and abuse with eszopiclone is lower than for other hypnotic drugs, this drug has been abused and is known to cause dependence.","Physical Description":"Solid","PubChemId":969472,"PubChemTitle":"Eszopiclone","Record Description":["LiverTox|CNS|Sedative/Hypnotic|Benzodiazepine receptor blocker"],"Records":{"UNII":{"Impurities":["rp-29307","zopiclone n-oxide","zopiclone, (r)-"]}},"RefChem":"56355","RefCount":4,"RefCur":"","References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eszopiclone","Name":"Eszopiclone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413184","Name":"Eszopiclone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/DB00402","Name":"Eszopiclone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/969472","Name":"Eszopiclone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=138729-47-2","Name":"Eszopiclone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0014546","Name":"Eszopiclone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D02624","Name":"Eszopiclone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/UZX80K71OE","Name":"Eszopiclone","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID8046086","Name":"Eszopiclone","Sub":false}]}],"Refs":["National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 969472, Eszopiclone. Accessed June 12, 2026. \u003ca href=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/969472\u003ehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/969472\u003c/a\u003e","U.S. Food and Drug Administration; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Eszopiclone. UNII: UZX80K71OE. Global Substance Registration System. Accessed June 12, 2026. \u003ca href=https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/UZX80K71OE\u003ehttps://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/UZX80K71OE\u003c/a\u003e","Anvisa. RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial. Diário Oficial da União. March 31, 2023. Accessed June 12, 2026. \u003ca href=https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-rdc-n-784-de-31-de-marco-de-2023-474904992\u003ehttps://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-rdc-n-784-de-31-de-marco-de-2023-474904992\u003c/a\u003e"],"Reported Fatal Dose":"Considering the man's weakened physical condition, 90 mg could represent a minimum lethal zopiclone dose. /Steroisomer/","SMILES":"CN1CCN(CC1)C(=O)O[C@H]2C3=NC=CN=C3C(=O)N2C4=NC=C(C=C4)Cl","SaltData":[],"Salts":[],"Scheduling":[{"gov":"Brazil","ref":["3"],"schedule":"B1 substance"},{"act":"Controlled Substances Act (CSA)","gov":"United States","ref":[],"schedule":"Schedule I"}],"Solubility":"soluble in water","StereoisomerData":[],"Stereoisomers":[],"Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 116.177 127.093\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#fff\"/\u003e\u003cdesc\u003eGenerated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk)\u003c/desc\u003e\u003cg fill=\"#3050f8\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\".8\"\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M0 0h117v128H0z\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"mol\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m55.495 126.028-3.415-10.466M53.73 108.241l7.225-8.047M60.955 100.194l-4.723-14.499M56.232 85.695l-11.451-2.421M38.36 85.842l-7.225 8.047M31.135 93.889l4.722 14.498M47.309 110.809l-11.452-2.422M40.01 78.521l-3.415-10.467\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M37.032 69.393 25.31 66.916M37.536 67.007l-11.722-2.476\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#ff0d0d\" d=\"m25.31 66.916 5.861 1.238M25.814 64.531l5.861 1.238\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m36.595 68.054 7.424-8.266\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#000\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"m42.432 42.104-.761.248 2.023 10.819 1.742-.568 1.742-.569z\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m42.051 42.228-14.529-4.674\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m17.594 43.283 9.928-5.729M16.375 41.171l8.709-5.025\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#3050f8\" d=\"m17.594 43.283 4.964-2.864M16.375 41.171l4.355-2.512\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m11.035 43.283-9.929-5.729\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M1.106 22.314v15.24M3.545 23.723v12.423\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m1.106 22.314 9.929-5.728\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m27.522 22.314-9.928-5.728M25.084 23.723l-8.709-5.025\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#3050f8\" d=\"m17.594 16.586 4.964 2.864M16.375 18.698l4.355 2.512\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M27.522 37.554v-15.24M27.522 22.314l14.529-4.673\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m40.618 18.102 3.659-11.214M42.937 18.858l3.658-11.213\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#ff0d0d\" d=\"m44.277 6.888-1.829 5.607M46.595 7.645l-1.829 5.607\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m42.051 17.641 6.181 8.499M42.051 42.228l6.181-8.499M54.485 29.934h11.747\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m71.614 20.616-5.382 9.318M73.725 21.836l-4.677 8.098\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#3050f8\" d=\"m71.614 20.616-2.691 4.659\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m77.352 16.728 11.755-.005\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m96.729 29.92-7.622-13.197M93.913 29.92 87.7 19.162\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m96.729 29.92-7.626 13.204\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m73.854 43.131 15.249-.007M75.261 40.692l12.434-.006\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m66.232 29.934 7.622 13.197M96.729 29.92h11.625\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"M48.875 109.04h.911L52 113.225v-4.185h.661v5h-.911l-2.22-4.185v4.185h-.655zM39.429 80.042h.911l2.214 4.185v-4.185h.661v5.001h-.911l-2.22-4.185v4.185h-.655z\" class=\"atom\"/\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#ff0d0d\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M21.687 62.859q-.738 0-1.173.554-.428.548-.428 1.494 0 .947.428 1.494.435.548 1.173.548t1.167-.548q.428-.547.428-1.494 0-.946-.428-1.494-.429-.554-1.167-.554m0-.547q1.054 0 1.679.708.631.702.631 1.887 0 1.179-.631 1.887-.625.703-1.679.703t-1.685-.703q-.631-.702-.631-1.887t.631-1.887q.631-.708 1.685-.708M46.781 54.671q-.738 0-1.172.554-.429.548-.429 1.494 0 .947.429 1.495.434.547 1.172.547.739 0 1.167-.547.429-.548.429-1.495 0-.946-.429-1.494-.428-.554-1.167-.554m0-.547q1.054 0 1.679.708.631.703.631 1.887 0 1.179-.631 1.888-.625.702-1.679.702-1.053 0-1.684-.702-.631-.703-.631-1.888 0-1.184.631-1.887.631-.708 1.684-.708\" class=\"atom\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"M12.421 42.674h.911l2.215 4.185v-4.185h.661v5.001h-.911l-2.221-4.185v4.185h-.655zM12.421 12.194h.911l2.215 4.185v-4.185h.661v5.001h-.911l-2.221-4.185v4.185h-.655z\" class=\"atom\"/\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#ff0d0d\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M46.781 1.108q-.738 0-1.172.553-.429.548-.429 1.495 0 .946.429 1.494.434.547 1.172.547.739 0 1.167-.547.429-.548.429-1.494 0-.947-.429-1.495-.428-.553-1.167-.553m0-.548q1.054 0 1.679.708.631.703.631 1.888 0 1.178-.631 1.887-.625.702-1.679.702-1.053 0-1.684-.702-.631-.703-.631-1.887t.631-1.888Q45.728.56 46.781.56\" class=\"atom\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"M49.099 27.434h.911l2.214 4.185v-4.185h.661v5.001h-.911l-2.22-4.185v4.185h-.655zM71.965 14.23h.911l2.215 4.185V14.23h.66v5h-.91l-2.221-4.185v4.185h-.655z\" class=\"atom\"/\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#1ff01f\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M113.984 27.803v.715q-.339-.322-.726-.476-.387-.161-.822-.161-.857 0-1.315.524-.453.524-.453 1.518 0 .988.453 1.512.458.524 1.315.524.435 0 .822-.155.387-.161.726-.476v.702q-.357.244-.756.363-.393.119-.833.119-1.137 0-1.792-.69-.649-.697-.649-1.899 0-1.209.649-1.899.655-.697 1.792-.697.446 0 .839.119.399.119.75.357m1.02-.595h.613v5.209h-.613z\" class=\"atom\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#3050f8\" d=\"m52.08 115.562 1.707 5.233M53.73 108.241l3.613-4.023M44.781 83.274l5.726 1.21M38.36 85.842l-3.612 4.023M47.309 110.809l-5.726-1.211M40.01 78.521l-1.708-5.234\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#ff0d0d\" d=\"m44.019 59.788-3.712 4.133\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#3050f8\" d=\"m11.035 43.283-4.964-2.864M11.035 16.586 6.071 19.45M48.232 26.14l-3.09-4.25M48.232 33.729l-3.09 4.249M54.485 29.934h5.873M77.352 16.728l5.878-.002\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#1ff01f\" d=\"M108.354 29.92h-5.813\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e","Therapeutic Uses":"Hypnotics and Sedatives; Sedative-hypnotic","Title":"Eszopiclone","UNII":"UZX80K71OE","Violations":0,"Wikidata":"Q413184","Wikipedia":"Eszopiclone","XLogP":0.5}