{"ATC Code":"N06AX21","Abbreviation":"","Aliases":["(S)-Duloxetine","Yentreve","Cymbalta","(S)-N-Methyl-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propan-1-amine","LY 248686","Duloxetina","2-Thiophenepropanamine, N-methyl-γ-(1-naphthalenyloxy)-, (γS)-","LY248686","methyl[(3S)-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propyl]amine","LY-248686"],"Biological Half-Life":"Mean of 12 h with a range of 8-17.","CAS":"116539-59-4","ChEBI":"CHEBI:36795","ChEMBL":"CHEMBL1175","ChemicalClasses":[],"Chirality":"absolute","Dosing Info":[],"Drug Classes":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Antidepressive Agents; Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors","Drug Indication":"**Indicated** for:  1) Management of Major Depressive Disorder.  2) Management of Generalized Anxiety Disorder.  3) Management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.  4) Management of fibromyalgia.  5) Management of chronic musculoskeletal pain.  6) Management of osteoarthritis of the knee in adults.  7) Management of chronic lower back pain in adults.  8) Management of stress urinary incontinence in adult women.  **Off-label** uses include:  1) Management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.  2) Management of stress urinary incontinence in adult men after prostatectomy until recovery is complete.","Drug Warnings":"/BOXED WARNING/ WARNING: SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIORS: Antidepressants increased the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults in short-term studies. These studies did not show an increase in the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior with antidepressant use in patients over age 24; there was a reduction in risk with antidepressant use in patients aged 65 and older.  In patients of all ages who are started on antidepressant therapy, monitor closely for worsening, and for emergence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Advise families and caregivers of the need for close observation and communication with the prescriber.","DrugClasses":["antidepressant","depressant"],"European Community (EC) Number":"601-438-0","FDA Pharmacological Classification":"O5TNM5N07U","Flash Point":"9.7 °C (49.5 °F) - closed cup","FullSalts":["Duloxetine hydrochloride"],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0014619","HeavyAtomCount":21,"Human Drugs":"Antidepressants -\u003e Serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRI)","IUPACName":"(3S)-N-methyl-3-naphthalen-1-yloxy-3-thiophen-2-ylpropan-1-amine","Impurities":["n-nitroso-duloxetine"],"InChI":"InChI=1S/C18H19NOS/c1-19-12-11-17(18-10-5-13-21-18)20-16-9-4-7-14-6-2-3-8-15(14)16/h2-10,13,17,19H,11-12H2,1H3/t17-/m0/s1","InChIKey":"ZEUITGRIYCTCEM-KRWDZBQOSA-N","MeSH Pharmacological Classification":"Mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions. Several MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS are useful as antidepressants apparently as a long-term consequence of their modulation of catecholamine levels. The tricyclic compounds useful as antidepressive agents (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC) also appear to act through brain catecholamine systems. A third group (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, SECOND-GENERATION) is a diverse group of drugs including some that act specifically on serotonergic systems. (See all compounds classified as Antidepressive Agents.)","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e18\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e19\u003c/sub\u003eNOS","MolecularWeight":"297.4 g/mol","Opticalactivity":"UNSPECIFIED","Pharmacodynamics":"Duloxetine, through increasing serotonin and norepinephrine concentrations in Onuf's nucleus, enhances glutamatergic activation of the pudendal motor nerve which innervates the external urethral sphinter. This enhanced signaling allows for stronger contraction. Increased contraction of this sphincter increases the pressure needed to produce an incontinence episode in stress urinary incontinence. Duloxetine has been shown to improve Patient Global Impression of Improvement and Incontinence Quality of Life scores. It has also been shown to reduce the median incontinence episode frequency at doses of 40 and 80 mg.  Action at the dorsal horn of the spinal cord allows duloxetine to strengthen the the serotonergic and adrenergic pathways involved in descending inhibition of pain. This results in an increased threshold of activation necessary to transmit painful stimuli to the brain and effective relief of pain, particularly in neuropathic pain. Pain relief has been noted in a variety of painful conditions including diabetic peripheral neuropathy, fibromyalgia, and osteoarthritis using a range of pain assessment surveys.  While duloxetine has been shown to be effective in both animal models of mood disorders and in clinical trials for the treatment of these disorders in humans, the broad scope of its pharmacodynamic effects on mood regulation in the brain has yet to be explained.  Increased blood pressure is a common side effect with duloxetine due to vasoconstriction mediated by the intended increase in norepinephrine signaling.","Physical Description":"Solid","PrevSalts":["hydrochloride"],"PubChemId":60835,"Record Description":["(S)-duloxetine is a duloxetine. It is an enantiomer of a (R)-duloxetine.","Duloxetine is a dual serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. It was originally discovered in 1993 and developed by Eli Lilly and Company as LY248686. Duloxetine first received approval from the FDA in August, 2004 as Cymbalta for the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder. It has since received approval for a variety of indications including the treatment of neuropathic pain, Generalized Anxiety disorder, osteoarthritis, and stress incontinence. Duloxetine continues to be investigated for the treatment of pain in cancer, surgery, and more.","Duloxetine is a Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of duloxetine is as a Norepinephrine Uptake Inhibitor, and Serotonin Uptake Inhibitor.","Duloxetine is a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor widely used as an antidepressant and for neuropathic pain. Duloxetine therapy can be associated with transient asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase levels and has been linked to rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.","DULOXETINE is a small molecule drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of IV (across all indications) that was first approved in 2004 and has 7 approved and 39 investigational indications. This drug has a black box warning from the FDA.","Duloxetine (brand names Cymbalta, Yentreve, and in parts of Europe, Xeristar or Ariclaim) is a drug which primarily targets major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), pain related to diabetic peripheral neuropathy and in some countries stress urinary incontinence (SUI). It is manufactured and marketed by Eli Lilly and Company.\nDuloxetine has not yet been FDA approved for stress urinary incontinence or for fibromyalgia.\nDuloxetine is a selective SNRI (selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor). Duloxetine is a systemic drug therapy which affects the body as a whole. Known also under the code name LY248686, it is a potent dual reuptake inhibitor of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE), possessing comparable affinities in binding to NE- and 5-HT transporter sites. It is a less potent inhibitor of dopamine reuptake.","A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.","See also: Duloxetine Hydrochloride (has salt form).","(S)-duloxetine is a duloxetine. 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