{"ATC Code":"N07BB01","Abbreviation":"","Aliases":["Tetraethylthiuram disulfide","Antabuse","Bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide","Antabus","Alcophobin","Anticol","Esperal","Teturam","Dicupral","Exhorran"],"Biological Half-Life":"The elimination half-life of disulfiram in plasma is 7.3 hr. /From table/","Boiling Point":"243 °","CAS":"97-77-8","ChEBI":"CHEBI:4659","ChEMBL":"CHEMBL964","ChemicalClasses":[],"Chirality":"achiral","Color/Form":"WHITE TO OFF-WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER","Density":"1.27 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink g/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e","Dosing Info":[],"Drug Classes":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Alcohol Deterrents; Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitors","Drug Indication":"For the treatment and management of chronic alcoholism","Drug Warnings":"... Alarming reactions may result from the ingestion of even small amt of alc in persons being treated with disulfiram. Marked resp depression, cardiovascular collapse, cardiac arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, acute congestive heart failure, unconsciousness, convulsions, and sudden and unexplained fatalities have occurred.","DrugClasses":[],"EINECS":"202-607-8","European Community (EC) Number":"202-607-8","FDA Pharmacological Classification":"TR3MLJ1UAI","HMDB ID":"HMDB0014960","HeavyAtomCount":16,"Human Drugs":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Alcohol Deterrents; Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitors","IUPACName":"diethylcarbamothioylsulfanyl N,N-diethylcarbamodithioate","InChI":"InChI=1S/C10H20N2S4/c1-5-11(6-2)9(13)15-16-10(14)12(7-3)8-4/h5-8H2,1-4H3","InChIKey":"AUZONCFQVSMFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N","MeSH Pharmacological Classification":"Compounds that bind to and inhibit the enzymatic activity of acetaldehyde dehydrogenases. (See all compounds classified as Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitors.)","Melting Point":"158 °","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e20\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eS\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e","MolecularWeight":"296.5 g/mol","Odor":"Slight odor.","Pharmacodynamics":"Disulfiram produces a sensitivity to alcohol which results in a highly unpleasant reaction when the patient under treatment ingests even small amounts of alcohol. Disulfiram blocks the oxidation of alcohol at the acetaldehyde stage during alcohol metabolism following disulfiram intake, the concentration of acetaldehyde occurring in the blood may be 5 to 10 times higher than that found during metabolism of the same amount of alcohol alone. Accumulation of acetaldehyde in the blood produces a complex of highly unpleasant symptoms referred to hereinafter as the disulfiram-alcohol reaction. This reaction, which is proportional to the dosage of both disulfiram and alcohol, will persist as long as alcohol is being metabolized. Disulfiram does not appear to influence the rate of alcohol elimination from the body. Prolonged administration of disulfiram does not produce tolerance; the longer a patient remains on therapy, the more exquisitely sensitive he becomes to alcohol.","Physical Description":"Tetraethylthiuram disulfide appears as odorless or almost odorless white or almost white to tan powder. Unpleasant taste with metallic or garlic aftertaste. pH of a solution obtained by shaking 1 g with 30 mL of water is 6 to 8. (NTP, 1992)","PrevSalts":[],"PubChemId":3117,"Record Description":["Tetraethylthiuram disulfide appears as odorless or almost odorless white or almost white to tan powder. Unpleasant taste with metallic or garlic aftertaste. pH of a solution obtained by shaking 1 g with 30 mL of water is 6 to 8. (NTP, 1992)","Disulfiram is an organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-diethyldithiocarbamic acid. A multi-enzyme inhibitor that is used in alcohol aversion therapy and also exhibits anticancer properties. It has a role as an EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor, an angiogenesis inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor, an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor, a fungicide, an apoptosis inducer, a NF-kappaB inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent and a ferroptosis inducer. It is an organic disulfide and an organosulfur acaricide.","A carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly alters the intermediary metabolism of alcohol. When alcohol is ingested after administration of disulfiram, blood acetaldehyde concentrations are increased, followed by flushing, systemic vasodilation, respiratory difficulties, nausea, hypotension, and other symptoms (acetaldehyde syndrome). It acts by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase.","Disulfiram is an Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of disulfiram is as an Acetyl Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitor.","Disulfiram is an alcohol deterrent used as an adjunct to treatment of chronic alcoholism, based upon its ability to cause an aversive reaction when taken with alcohol. Disulfiram has been associated with a low rate of with serum aminotransferase elevations during chronic therapy and has been linked to clinically apparent acute liver injury which can be severe and result in fatality.","Disulfiram has been reported in Coprinopsis atramentaria with data available.","Disulfiram is an orally bioavailable carbamoyl derivative and a proteasome inhibitor that is used in the treatment of alcoholism, with potential antineoplastic and chemosensitizing activities. Disulfiram (DSF) may help to treat alcoholism by irreversibly binding to and inhibiting acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, an enzyme that oxidizes the ethanol metabolite acetaldehyde into acetic acid. Inhibition of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase leads to an accumulation of acetaldehyde and produces a variety of very unpleasant symptoms, which together are referred to as the disulfiram-ethanol reaction (DER). In addition, DSF has a strong ability to chelate metals and its antineoplastic activity is highly dependent upon binding to copper (Cu), a metal that selectively accumulates in cancer cells. DSF/Cu generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits proteasome activity, leading to an accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins; both of these processes result in induction of apoptosis. Also, DSF/Cu inhibits various cancer-specific pathways, which leads to inhibition of tumor cell growth.","DISULFIRAM is a small molecule drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of IV (across all indications) that was first approved in 1951 and is indicated for parasitic infection and alcohol dependence and has 20 investigational indications. This drug has a black box warning from the FDA.","A carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly alters the intermediary metabolism of alcohol. When alcohol is ingested after administration of disulfiram, blood acetaldehyde concentrations are increased, followed by flushing, systemic vasodilation, respiratory difficulties, nausea, hypotension, and other symptoms (acetaldehyde syndrome). It acts by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase. [PubChem]","A carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly alters the intermediary metabolism of alcohol. When alcohol is ingested after administration of disulfiram, blood acetaldehyde concentrations are increased, followed by flushing, systemic vasodilation, respiratory difficulties, nausea, hypotension, and other symptoms (acetaldehyde syndrome). It acts by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase.","See also: Standardized Allergenic (component of).","Disulfiram is an organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-diethyldithiocarbamic acid. A multi-enzyme inhibitor that is used in alcohol aversion therapy and also exhibits anticancer properties. It has a role as an EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor, an angiogenesis inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor, an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor, a fungicide, an apoptosis inducer, a NF-kappaB inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent and a ferroptosis inducer. It is an organic disulfide and an organosulfur acaricide.","LiverTox|Substance abuse agent|Alcohol abuse|Enzyme inhibitor"],"References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disulfiram","Name":"Disulfiram","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409665","Name":"Disulfiram","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00822","Name":"Disulfiram","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3117","Name":"Disulfiram","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"ChemSpider","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.3005.html","Name":"Disulfiram","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"ChEMBL","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL964","Name":"Disulfiram","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"ChEBI","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:4659","Name":"Disulfiram","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=97-77-8","Name":"Disulfiram","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0014960","Name":"Disulfiram","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C01692","Name":"Disulfiram","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/TR3MLJ1UAI","Name":"Disulfiram","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID1021322","Name":"Disulfiram","Sub":false}]}],"SMILES":"CCN(CC)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(CC)CC","Solubility":"less than 0.1 mg/mL at 70 °F (NTP, 1992)","StoreUNII":["TR3MLJ1UAI"],"StructureBase64":"<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" height="55.416mm" version="1.2" viewBox="0 0 120.86 55.416" width="120.86mm">
      
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