{"ATC Code":"M01AB05","Abbreviation":"","Aliases":["Diclofenac acid","dichlofenac","Diclofenaco","Diclophenac","Diclofenacum","ProSorb-D","Zorovolex","Zorvolex","Diclofenamic acid","Benzeneacetic acid, 2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]-"],"Biological Half-Life":"The terminal half-life of diclofenac is approximately 2 h, however the apparent half-life including all metabolites is 25.8-33 h.","CAS":"15307-86-5","ChEBI":"CHEBI:47381","ChEMBL":"CHEMBL139","ChemicalClasses":["gabapentinoid"],"Chirality":"achiral","Classes":["Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug"],"Color/Form":"Crystals from ether-petroleum ether","Dosing Info":[],"Drug Classes":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Analgesic Agents; Anti-inflammatory Agents, Nonsteroidal","Drug Indication":"Diclofenac is indicated for use in the treatment of pain and inflammation from varying sources including inflammatory conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis, as well as injury-related inflammation due to surgery and physical trauma. It is often used in combination with [misoprostol] as a gastro-protective agent in patients with high risk of developing NSAID-induced ulcers.","Drug Warnings":"Pregnancy risk category: B /NO EVIDENCE OF RISK IN HUMANS. Adequate, well controlled studies in pregnant women have not shown increased risk of fetal abnormalities despite adverse findings in animals, or, in the absence of adequate human studies, animal studies show no fetal risk. The chance of fetal harm is remote but remains a possibility./","DrugClasses":[],"DurationOfAction":"","EINECS":"239-348-5","EliminationHalfLife":"1.2–2 h (35% of the drug enters enterohepatic recirculation)","European Community (EC) Number":"239-348-5","FDA Pharmacological Classification":"144O8QL0L1","FullSalts":["Sodium diclofenac","Diclofenac potassium"],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0014724","HeavyAtomCount":19,"Human Drugs":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Analgesic Agents; Anti-inflammatory Agents, Nonsteroidal","IUPACName":"2-[2-(2,6-dichloroanilino)phenyl]acetic acid","Impurities":["n-nitroso-diclofenac"],"InChI":"InChI=1S/C14H11Cl2NO2/c15-10-5-3-6-11(16)14(10)17-12-7-2-1-4-9(12)8-13(18)19/h1-7,17H,8H2,(H,18,19)","InChIKey":"DCOPUUMXTXDBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N","MeSH Pharmacological Classification":"Anti-inflammatory agents that are non-steroidal in nature. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, they have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions. They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis accounts for their analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions; other mechanisms may contribute to their anti-inflammatory effects. (See all compounds classified as Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal.)","Melting Point":"283-285 °C","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e11\u003c/sub\u003eCl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eNO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e","MolecularWeight":"296.1 g/mol","Pharmacodynamics":"Diclofenac reduces inflammation and by extension reduces nociceptive pain and combats fever. It also increases the risk of developing a gastrointestinal ulcer by inhibiting the production of protective mucus in the stomach.","Physical Description":"Solid","PrevSalts":["sodium","potassium"],"PubChemId":3033,"Record Description":["Diclofenac is a monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position. It has a role as a non-narcotic analgesic, an antipyretic, an EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor, a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant, a drug allergen and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is a secondary amino compound, an amino acid, a dichlorobenzene, an aromatic amine and a monocarboxylic acid. It is functionally related to a phenylacetic acid and a diphenylamine. It is a conjugate acid of a diclofenac(1-).","Diclofenac is a phenylacetic acid derivative and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). NSAIDs inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and-2 which are the enzyme responsible for producing prostaglandins (PGs). PGs contribute to inflammation and pain signalling. Diclofenac, like other NSAIDs, is often used as first line therapy for acute and chronic pain and inflammation from a variety of causes. Diclofenac was the product of rational drug design based on the structures of [phenylbutazone], [mefenamic acid], and [indomethacin]. The addition of two chlorine groups in the ortho position of the phenyl ring locks the ring in maximal torsion which appears to be related to increased potency. It is often used in combination with [misoprostol] to prevent NSAID-induced gastric ulcers. Diclofenac was first approved by the FDA in July 1988 under the trade name Voltaren, marketed by Novartis (previously Ciba-Geigy).","Diclofenac is a Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug. The mechanism of action of diclofenac is as a Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor. The physiologic effect of diclofenac is by means of Decreased Prostaglandin Production.","Diclofenac is a commonly used nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) used for the therapy of chronic forms of arthritis and mild-to-moderate acute pain. Therapy with diclofenac in full doses is frequently associated with mild serum aminotransferase elevations and, in rare instances, can lead to serious clinically apparent, acute or chronic liver disease.","Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal benzeneacetic acid derivative with anti-inflammatory activity.  As a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), diclofenac binds and chelates both isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and-2), thereby blocking the conversion of arachidonic acid to pro-inflammatory-proprostaglandins.  This agent also may inhibit COX-2-mediated tumor angiogenesis.  When inhibiting COX-2, diclofenac may be effective in relieving pain and inflammation; when inhibiting COX-1, it may produce unacceptable gastrointestinal side effects.  This agent may be more active against COX-2 than several other carboxylic acid-containing NSAIDs. (NCI04)","DICLOFENAC is a small molecule drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of IV (across all indications) that was first approved in 1988 and has 16 approved and 35 investigational indications. This drug has a black box warning from the FDA.","A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt. ","A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.","Diclofenac is a monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position. It has a role as a non-narcotic analgesic, an antipyretic, an EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor, a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant, a drug allergen and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is a secondary amino compound, an amino acid, a dichlorobenzene, an aromatic amine and a monocarboxylic acid. It is functionally related to a phenylacetic acid and a diphenylamine. It is a conjugate acid of a diclofenac(1-).","LiverTox|Analgesic|Mild-Moderate Pain|NSAID"],"References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diclofenac","Name":"Diclofenac","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244408","Name":"Diclofenac","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00586","Name":"Diclofenac","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3033","Name":"Diclofenac","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"ChEMBL","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL139","Name":"Diclofenac","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"ChEBI","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:47381","Name":"Diclofenac","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=15307-86-5","Name":"Diclofenac","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0014724","Name":"Diclofenac","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C01690","Name":"Diclofenac","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/144O8QL0L1","Name":"Diclofenac","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID6022923","Name":"Diclofenac","Sub":false}]}],"SMILES":"C1=CC=C(C(=C1)CC(=O)O)NC2=C(C=CC=C2Cl)Cl","Salts":["sodium","potassium"],"SaltsAcidCount":[1,1],"SaltsAmineCount":[1,1],"SaltsUNII":["QTG126297Q","L4D5UA6CB4"],"Scheduling":[{"gov":"Australia","schedule":"S4 substance"},{"gov":"Canada","schedule":"prescription only substance"},{"gov":"United Kingdom","schedule":"prescription only substance"},{"gov":"United States","schedule":"prescription only substance"}],"Solubility":"In water, 2.37 mg/L at 25 °C","StoreUNII":["144O8QL0L1"],"StructureBase64":"<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" height="79.971mm" version="1.2" viewBox="0 0 73.89 79.971" width="73.89mm">
      
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