{"ATC Code":["N05BA01","N05BA01","N - Nervous system","N05 - Psycholeptics","N05B - Anxiolytics","N05BA - Benzodiazepine derivatives","N05BA01 - Diazepam","QN - Nervous system","QN05 - Psycholeptics","QN05B - Anxiolytics","QN05BA - Benzodiazepine derivatives","QN05BA01 - Diazepam","N05BA01"],"Abbreviation":["Valium"],"Absorption, Distribution and Excretion":"After oral administration, it is considered that diazepam is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract as  \u003e90% of diazepam is absorbed and the average time to achieve peak plasma concentrations is 1 – 1.5 hours with a range of 0.25 to 2.5 hours.  Absorption is delayed and decreased when administered with a moderate fat meal. In the presence of food mean lag times are approximately 45 minutes as compared with 15 minutes when fasting. There is also an increase in the average time to achieve peak concentrations to about 2.5 hours in the presence of food as compared with 1.25 hours when fasting. This results in an average decrease in Cmax of 20% in addition to a 27% decrease in AUC (range 15% to 50%) when administered with food.","Adverse Effects":"Like most benzodiazepines, the adverse reactions of diazepam include CNS and respiratory depression, dependence, and benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome.","Aliases":["Diazepam","Valium","Ansiolisina","Diazemuls","Apaurin","Faustan","Relanium","Seduxen","Sibazon","Stesolid","Alboral","Bialzepam","Ceregulart","Neurolytril","Serenamin","Valrelease","Ansiolin","Apozepam","Atensine","Calmpose","Cercine","Lembrol","Morosan","Setonil","Sonacon","Stesolin","Tranimul","Atilen","Duxen","Eridan","Levium","Paxate","Paxel","Vivol","Noan","Methyldiazepinone","Calmocitene","Condition","Diacepan","Diazepan","Diazetard","Dipezona","Domalium","Kiatrium","Liberetas","Paranten","Quetinil","Quiatril","Quievita","Relaminal","Renborin","Seduksen","Serenack","Serenzin","Tensopam","Tranqdyn","Tranquase","Tranquirit","Unisedil","Valitran","Aliseum","Amiprol","Assival","Diapam","Diastat","Dienpax","Duksen","Evacalm","Freudal","Frustan","Gihitan","Horizon","Plidan","Saromet","Sedipam","Umbrium","Vatran","Velium","Solis","Valeo","Vival","Zipan","Usempax ap","LA III","Methyl diazepinone","Centrazepam","Q-pam","Dialar","Dizac","La-Iii","An-Ding","e-Pam","Servizepam","Diazepam Intensol","Ro 5-2807","NSC-77518","Diacepin","Nervium","7-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one","Diazepam-Lipuro","WY-3467","Diazepamum","Tensium","7-Chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one","Diastat Acudial","Diazepam civ","7-Chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2(1H)-one","LIBERVANT","2H-1,4-Benzodiazepin-2-one, 7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-","Dtxsid4020406","NRL-1","7-Chloro-1-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepine","7-Chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one","NSC-169897","VALTOCO","Chebi:49575","RO-5-2807","1-Methyl-5-phenyl-7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one","Ro-52807","Dtxcid20406","7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one","NSC77518","NSC169897","Scriptopam","Valclair","Dialar fte","Diazepam Oral","Gabavale-5","Alupram 2","Alupram 5","Alupram 10","Diazepam, choline","Diazepam Oral Solution","7-Chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-on","207-122-5","NSC46083","Bensedin","Ruhsitus","Armonil","Dialag","Eurosan","Lamra","Kabivitrum","Gewacalm","Novazam","Valaxona","Valiquid","Diapax","Dipam","Paceum","Jinpanfan","Antenex","Arzepam","Drenian","Ducene","Kratium","Nellium","Nerozen","Zepaxid","Doval","Paxum","Sipam","Vazen","Placidox 5","Pam","Faustan,","Wy 3467","CHEMBL12","DZP","Alupram","Methyldiazepinone, pharmaceutical","Reliver","Sedapam","Apo-diazepam","LA 111","7-Chloro-1-methyl-5-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2(1H)-one","Ncgc00178168-02","Calmociteno","Ansilive","Anxicalm","Anxionil","Benzopin","βpam","Britazepam","Calmaven","Chuansuan","Desconet","Desloneg","Diaceplex","Diapine","Diaquel","Diatran","Diazepin","Disopam","Faustal","Gradual","Iazepam","Medipam","Mentalium","Metamidol","Nivalen","Nixtensyn","Notense","Novodipam","Ortopsique","Paralium","Prozepam","Psychopax","Radizepam","Trankinon","Trazepam","Valuzepam","Vanconin","Baogin","Calmod","Caudel","Diazem","Lovium","Mandro","Parzam","Dipaz","Dupin","Gubex","Lizan","Pomin","Winii","Diazepam Nordic","Diazepan leo","Diazepam Elmu","Diazepam Fabra","Diazepam Stada","Metil Gobanal","Diazepam Dak","Tranquo-tablinen","Diazepam Desitin","Euphorin P","Mandro-Zep","Sico Relax","Diazepam Rectubes","S.a. r.l.","Elcion CR","Placidox 2","Kratium 2","Diazepam-ratiopharm","Placidox 10","Diazepamu","Diazepam-Eurogenerics","Mandrozep","Plumiaz","Tranquo-puren","7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2-one","Wln: t67 gnv jn ihj cg g1 kr","Cas-439-14-5","Smr000058398","CCRIS 6009","Best","HSDB 3057","2H-1, 7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-","Einecs 207-122-5","Unii-q3jtx2q7tu","LA-111","1-Methyl-5-phenyl-7-chloro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one","7-Chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one","NSC 169897","Brn 0754371","Anlin","DEA No. 2765","Pro pam","Diazepam CRS - * psy","Spectrum3_001780","Spectrum4_000576","Spectrum5_001890","Bidd:pxr0158","Epitope ID:2278757","Oprea1_126223","Schembl21442","BSPBio_003279","KBioGR_001012","5-24-04-00300","Mls000759402","Mls001424086","Bidd:gt0105","DivK1c_000967","Diazepam, 1mg/ml in Methanol","GTPL3364","S.A.R.L.","Schembl29362687","HMS503A15","KBio1_000967","KBio3_002780","Diazepam 0.1 mg/ml in Methanol","Diazepam 1.0 mg/ml in Methanol","Chebi:194180","Ninds_000967","HMS2051N04","HMS3393N04","Tox21_113071","Tox21_202458","7-Chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2(3H)-one","Bdbm50000766","STK735517","Akos003367969","Diazepam 1000 microg/mL in Methanol","Tox21_113071_1","AB02310","BNZ - Human Serum, Benzodiazepine mix","CCG-100997","CS-0653","DB00829","NC00247","Ro 5-2805","Idi1_000967","Ncgc00178168-01","Ncgc00178168-03","Ncgc00178168-04","Ncgc00260007-01","AC-10561","HY-17027","DB-051179","NS00008403","NS00114260","C06948","1450","D00293","Brd-k16508793-001-01-8","Brd-k16508793-001-05-9","Diazepam for system suitability CRS - * psy","Diazepam, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard","7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2(3H)on","Diazepam, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard","7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-[1,4]benzodiazepin-2-one","7-Chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one","7 -chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one","7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H -1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one","7-chloro-1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one","7-Chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[f]-1,4-diazepine","7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-(methyl-d3)-5-(phenyl-d5)-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one","7-chloro-1-((2)H3)methyl-5-((2)H5)phenyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one","Diazepam for system suitability, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard","11100-37-1","7-chloro-5-(2,3,4,5,6-pentadeuteriophenyl)-1-(trideuteriomethyl)-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one","InChI=1/C16H13ClN2O/c1-19-14-8-7-12(17)9-13(14)16(18-10-15(19)20)11-5-3-2-4-6-11/h2-9H,10H2,1H"],"Biological Half-Life":"Diazepam has a biphasic half-life with an initial rapid distribution phase followed by a prolonged terminal elimination phase of 1 or 2 days; its action is further prolonged by the even longer half-life of 2-5 days of its principal active metabolite, desmethyldiazepam (nordiazepam), the relative proportion of which increases in the body on long-term administration. The plasma half-life of diazepam is prolonged in neonates, in the elderly, and in patients with kidney or liver disease.","CAS":"439-14-5","Chemical Classes":"Benzodiazepines","ChemicalClasses":["benzodiazepine"],"Chirality":"achiral","Color/Form":"Colorless to light yellow crysytals","DBI-IGS":["Diazepam"],"Decomposition":"When heated to decomp it emits very toxic fumes of hydrogen chloride and NO(x)","Dosing Info":[{"Method":"Oral","Tiers":{"Common":{"Entries":37,"Lower":9.5,"Percentage":31.6,"Unit":"mg","Upper":10},"Extreme":{"Entries":13,"Lower":29.2,"Percentage":11.1,"Unit":"mg","Upper":29.2},"Heavy":{"Entries":0,"Lower":20,"Percentage":0,"Unit":"mg","Upper":29.2},"Light":{"Entries":30,"Lower":9.5,"Percentage":25.6,"Unit":"mg","Upper":9.5},"Strong":{"Entries":37,"Lower":10,"Percentage":31.6,"Unit":"mg","Upper":20}}}],"Drug Classes":["Breast Feeding","Lactation","Milk, Human","Anticonvulsants","Hypnotics and Sedatives","Anti-Anxiety Agents","Benzodiazepines"],"Drug Indication":"In general, diazepam is useful in the symptomatic management of mild to moderate degrees of anxiety in conditions dominated by tension, excitation, agitation, fear, or aggressiveness such as may occur in psychoneurosis, anxiety reactions due to stress conditions, and anxiety states with somatic expression.  Moreover, in acute alcoholic withdrawal, diazepam may be useful in the symptomatic relief of acute agitation, tremor, and impending acute delirium tremens.  Furthermore, diazepam is a useful adjunct for the relief of skeletal muscle spasm due to reflex spasm to local pathologies, such as inflammation of the muscle and joints or secondary to trauma; spasticity caused by upper motor neuron disorders, such as cerebral palsy and paraplegia; athetosis and the rare \"stiff man syndrome\".  Particular label information from the United Kingdom also lists particular age-specific indications, including for adults: (1) The short-term relief (2-4 weeks) only, of anxiety which is severe, disabling, or subjecting the individual to unacceptable distress, occurring alone or in association with insomnia or short-term psychosomatic, organic or psychotic illness, (2) cerebral palsy, (3) muscle spasm, (4) as an adjunct to certain types of epilepsy (eg. myoclonus), (5) symptomatic treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal, (6) as oral premedication for the nervous dental patient, and (7) for premedication before surgery.  In the same UK label information, diazepam is indicated in children for: (1) control of tension and irritability in cerebral spasticity in selected cases, (2) as an adjunct to the control of muscle spasm in tetanus, and for (3) oral premedication.  A diazepam nasal spray is indicated in patients 6 years and older to treat intermittent, stereotypic episodes of frequent seizure activity that are different than the patient's usual seizure pattern.","Drug Warnings":"Since Valium has a central nervous system depressant effect, patients should be advised against the simultaneous ingestion of alcohol and other CNS-depressant drugs during Valium therapy","DurationOfAction":"","Ecotoxicity Values":"LD50; Species: Peromyscus maniculatus (Deer mouse) oral via capsule 1070 mg/kg","EliminationHalfLife":"(50 hours); 20 – 100 hours (32 – 200 hours for main active metabolite desmethyldiazepam)\u003ca href='#cite_note-5'\u003e\u003csup\u003e[5]\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e","Erowid Experience Reports":[{"Author":"Olivia Monteith","Id":10864,"Title":"Absolutely No Effect"},{"Author":"Hel M","Id":102355,"Title":"Not Noticing Anything From It"},{"Author":"suklaa","Id":67015,"Title":"Could Not Sleep No Matter What"},{"Author":"Thrombocyte","Id":80923,"Title":"Anxiety Buster, but Not Used to Get 'High'"},{"Author":"VampB.","Id":12119,"Title":"Slow Motion"},{"Author":"Chatterbox","Id":52522,"Title":"I'm Stuck with a Valuble Friend"},{"Author":"annoymous","Id":69057,"Title":"I Really Liked It"},{"Author":"Drake","Id":30325,"Title":"Whoa, What the Fuck Happened?"},{"Author":"ScaredofFlying","Id":50400,"Title":"Mild but Pleasant"},{"Author":"Contourcrown","Id":53287,"Title":"Helped Chills and Sweats"},{"Author":"Murple","Id":2379,"Title":"Valium Log"},{"Author":"Marc D","Id":32892,"Title":"Flyin' on a Magic Carpet"},{"Author":"SuperDuper","Id":79507,"Title":"Mellow Yellow Fellow"},{"Author":"pharmgirl101","Id":66283,"Title":"Like Sailing away...Minus the Costly Yacht"},{"Author":"OpiateFighter","Id":68334,"Title":"Will Do Again"},{"Author":"Mad Merv","Id":68568,"Title":"Greatest Drug Known to Man"},{"Author":"thechap","Id":82383,"Title":"Usually These Have Very Little Effect on Me"},{"Author":"Soleta","Id":64652,"Title":"Like Pulling Teeth (But Better)"},{"Author":"Gloria","Id":63675,"Title":"Vaginal Insertion"},{"Author":"Seroquel Lover","Id":65258,"Title":"Back to Reality Again"},{"Author":"Pissinhappiness","Id":63552,"Title":"My Corporate Job Drug Test Experience"},{"Author":"Lex","Id":60920,"Title":"Distance Between Reality and Myself"},{"Author":"Jahkaya","Id":48581,"Title":"Blacked Out"},{"Author":"Jib Jib","Id":48759,"Title":"Fighting the Hooch"},{"Author":"crls","Id":48810,"Title":"Relaxation, Slight Dizziness"},{"Author":"A grateful addict","Id":48903,"Title":"Kill the Christmas Tree"}],"Esters":[],"European Community (EC) Number":"207-122-5","FDA Pharmacological Classification":[{"Name":"FDA UNII","ReferenceNumber":51,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"Q3JTX2Q7TU"}]}},{"Name":"Active Moiety","ReferenceNumber":51,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"DIAZEPAM"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":51,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"Markup":[{"Extra":"CID-134664","Length":14,"Start":40,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzodiazepine"}],"String":"Established Pharmacologic Class [EPC] - Benzodiazepine"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":51,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"Chemical Structure [CS] - Benzodiazepines"}]}},{"Name":"FDA Pharmacology Summary","ReferenceNumber":51,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"Markup":[{"Extra":"CID-3016","Length":8,"Start":0,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Diazepam"},{"Extra":"CID-134664","Length":14,"Start":14,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzodiazepine"}],"String":"Diazepam is a Benzodiazepine."}]}},{"Name":"Non-Proprietary Name","ReferenceNumber":148,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"DIAZEPAM"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":148,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"Markup":[{"Extra":"CID-134664","Length":14,"Start":0,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzodiazepine"}],"String":"Benzodiazepine [EPC]; Benzodiazepines [CS]"}]}},{"Name":"Non-Proprietary Name","ReferenceNumber":149,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"DIAZEPAM INTENSOL"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":149,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"Markup":[{"Extra":"CID-134664","Length":14,"Start":0,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzodiazepine"}],"String":"Benzodiazepine [EPC]; Benzodiazepines [CS]"}]}},{"Name":"Non-Proprietary Name","ReferenceNumber":150,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"DIAZEPAM ORAL"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":150,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"Markup":[{"Extra":"CID-134664","Length":14,"Start":0,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzodiazepine"}],"String":"Benzodiazepine [EPC]; Benzodiazepines [CS]"}]}},{"Name":"Non-Proprietary Name","ReferenceNumber":151,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"Markup":[{"Extra":"CID-3016","Length":8,"Start":0,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/DIAZEPAM"}],"String":"DIAZEPAM ORAL SOLUTION (CONCENTRATE)"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":151,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"Markup":[{"Extra":"CID-134664","Length":14,"Start":22,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzodiazepine"}],"String":"Benzodiazepines [CS]; Benzodiazepine [EPC]"}]}}],"Formating":[],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0014967","Health Effects":"They cause slurred speech, disorientation and \"drunken\" behavior. They are physically and psychologically addictive. May cause a potentially dangerous rash that may develop into Stevens Johnson syndrome, an extremely rare but potentially fatal skin disease.","HeavyAtomCount":20,"Human Drugs":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Anticonvulsants; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines","IUPACName":"7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one","Impurities":"... Diazepam is available in the USA as a National Formulary or USP grade containing 98.5-101.0% active ingredient on a dried basis with a maximum of 0.002% heavy metals.","InChI":"InChI=1S/C16H13ClN2O/c1-19-14-8-7-12(17)9-13(14)16(18-10-15(19)20)11-5-3-2-4-6-11/h2-9H,10H2,1H3","InChIKey":"AAOVKJBEBIDNHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N","Interactions":"... Acetaminophen (3.0 g/day for 5 days) somewhat reduced the 96 hr urinary excretion of diazepam and its metabolites following a single 10 mg dose of diazepam.","KEGG Entries":[{"Id":"D00293","Interactions":[{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP3A4"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP3A4"},{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2C19"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP2C19"}],"Synonyms":["Diazepam","Diastat","Valium"]},{"Id":"D00293","Interactions":[{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP3A4"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP3A4"},{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2C19"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP2C19"}],"Synonyms":["Diazepam","Diastat","Valium"]},{"Id":"D00293","Interactions":[{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP3A4"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP3A4"},{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2C19"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP2C19"}],"Synonyms":["Diazepam","Diastat","Valium"]}],"MeSH Headers":[{"Id":"M0006229","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0006229.html","Name":"Diazepam","Ref":207},{"Id":"M0006230","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0006230.html","Name":"Sibazon","Ref":209},{"Id":"M0006231","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0006231.html","Name":"Valium","Ref":210},{"Id":"M0006232","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0006232.html","Name":"Diazemuls","Ref":211},{"Id":"M0006233","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0006233.html","Name":"Stesolid","Ref":212},{"Id":"M0006234","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0006234.html","Name":"Apaurin","Ref":213},{"Id":"M0006235","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0006235.html","Name":"Faustan","Ref":214},{"Id":"M0006236","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0006236.html","Name":"Relanium","Ref":215},{"Id":"M0006237","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0006237.html","Name":"Seduxen","Ref":216},{"Id":"DescTree","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":"MeSH Tree","Ref":217},{"Id":"PubMed from MeSH","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":null,"Ref":253},{"Id":"M0001144","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0001144.html","Name":"Adjuvants, Anesthesia","Ref":254},{"Id":"M0001382","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0001382.html","Name":"Anticonvulsants","Ref":255},{"Id":"M0001391","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0001391.html","Name":"Antiemetics","Ref":256},{"Id":"M0010885","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0010885.html","Name":"Hypnotics and Sedatives","Ref":257},{"Id":"M0014240","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0014240.html","Name":"Muscle Relaxants, Central","Ref":258},{"Id":"M0021771","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0021771.html","Name":"Anti-Anxiety Agents","Ref":259},{"Id":"M0027999","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0027999.html","Name":"Anesthetics, Intravenous","Ref":260},{"Id":"M0028093","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0028093.html","Name":"GABA Modulators","Ref":261}],"MeSH Pharmacological Classification":[{"Id":"M0001144","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0001144.html","Name":"Adjuvants, Anesthesia","Ref":254},{"Id":"M0001382","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0001382.html","Name":"Anticonvulsant","Ref":255},{"Id":"M0001391","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0001391.html","Name":"Antiemetic","Ref":256},{"Id":"M0010885","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0010885.html","Name":"Hypnotics and Sedative","Ref":257},{"Id":"M0014240","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0014240.html","Name":"Muscle Relaxants, Central","Ref":258},{"Id":"M0021771","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0021771.html","Name":"Anti-Anxiety Agent","Ref":259},{"Id":"M0027999","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0027999.html","Name":"Anesthetics, Intravenou","Ref":260},{"Id":"M0028093","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0028093.html","Name":"GABA Modulator","Ref":261}],"Mechanism of Action":"Diazepam is a benzodiazepine tranquilliser with anticonvulsant, sedative, muscle relaxant and amnesic properties.  Benzodiazepines, such as diazepam, bind to receptors in various regions of the brain and spinal cord. This binding increases the inhibitory effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABAs functions include CNS involvement in sleep induction. Also involved in the control of hypnosis, memory, anxiety, epilepsy and neuronal excitability.","Melting Point":"257 to 259 °F (NTP, 1992)","Metabolism/Metabolites":"Diazepam is N-demethylated by CYP3A4 and 2C19 to the active metabolite N-desmethyldiazepam, and is hydroxylated by CYP3A4 to the active metabolite temazepam. N-desmethyldiazepam and temazepam are both further metabolized to oxazepam. Temazepam and oxazepam are further largely eliminated by way of conjugation to glucuronic acid via glucuronidation.  Furthermore, oxidation of diazepam is mediated by cytochrome P450 isozymes; formation of desmethyl-diazepam mainly by CYP2C19 and CYP3A and 3-hydroxy-diazepam (temazepam) and oxazepam by CYP3A. Because CYP2C19 is polymorphic, extensive metabolizers (EMs), and poor metabolizers (PMs) of diazepam can be distinguished. PMs of diazepam showed significantly lower clearance (12 vs 26 mL/min) and longer elimination half-life (88 vs 41 h) of diazepam than EMs after a single oral dose. Also, PMs had lower clearance, higher AUC and longer elimination half-life of desmethyl-diazepam.","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e16\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e13\u003c/sub\u003eClN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO","MolecularWeight":"284.74 g/mol","Non-Human Toxicity Values":"LD50 Rat oral 710 mg/kg","Odor":"Practically no odor","Pharmacodynamics":"Diazepam is a benzodiazepine that exerts anxiolytic, sedative, muscle- relaxant, anticonvulsant and amnestic effects. Most of these effects are thought to result from facilitation of the action of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.","Physical Description":"Diazepam is an off-white to yellow crystalline powder. Practically odorless. Tasteless at first with a bitter aftertaste. (NTP, 1992)","PubChemId":3016,"Record Description":["LiverTox|CNS|Sedative/Hypnotic|Benzodiazepine"],"Records":{"UNII":{"Impurities":["3-amino-6-chloro-1-methyl-4-phenylcarbostyril","1-methyl-4-phenyl-6-chloro-2-quinazolinone","n-(2-benzoyl-4-chlorophenyl)-2-chloro-n-methylacetamide","nordazepam","5-chloro-2-methylaminobenzophenone","7-chloro-2-methoxy-5-phenyl-3h-1,4-benzodiazepine"]}},"RefChem":"6418","RefCount":6,"RefCur":"","References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diazepam","Name":"Diazepam","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210402","Name":"Diazepam","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/DB00829","Name":"Diazepam","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3016","Name":"Diazepam","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=439-14-5","Name":"Diazepam","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0014967","Name":"Diazepam","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C06948","Name":"Diazepam","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/Q3JTX2Q7TU","Name":"Diazepam","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID4020406","Name":"Diazepam","Sub":false}]}],"Refs":["National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 3016, Diazepam. Accessed May 3, 2026. \u003ca href=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3016\u003ehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3016\u003c/a\u003e","U.S. Food and Drug Administration; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Diazepam. UNII: Q3JTX2Q7TU. Global Substance Registration System. Accessed May 3, 2026. \u003ca href=https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/Q3JTX2Q7TU\u003ehttps://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/Q3JTX2Q7TU\u003c/a\u003e","Valium. January 31, 2020. Accessed May 3, 2026. \u003ca href=https://www.nps.org.au/medicine-finder/valium-tablets#full-pi\u003ehttps://www.nps.org.au/medicine-finder/valium-tablets#full-pi\u003c/a\u003e","Misuse of Drugs Act 1971}. Accessed May 3, 2026. \u003ca href=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1971/38/schedule/2/part/III/paragraph/1\u003ehttps://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1971/38/schedule/2/part/III/paragraph/1\u003c/a\u003e","Diazepam Tablets BP 10 mgs – Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC). September 16, 2019. Accessed May 3, 2026. \u003ca href=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/4522/smpc\u003ehttps://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/4522/smpc\u003c/a\u003e"],"SMILES":"CN1C(=O)CN=C(C2=C1C=CC(=C2)Cl)C3=CC=CC=C3","SaltData":[{"AcidCount":1,"Amine":"Diazepam","AmineCount":1,"Formula":"Cl","Name":"hydrochloride","RName":"hydrochloride","Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 106.952 95.811\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#fff\"/\u003e\u003cdesc\u003eGenerated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk)\u003c/desc\u003e\u003cg fill=\"#1ff01f\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\".7\"\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M0 0h107v96H0z\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"mol\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m53.476.979 2.517 11.044M60.166 16.608l11.529 2.685\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m70.379 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hydrochloride","UNII":"6JD21U639H"}],"Salts":["hydrochloride"],"Scheduling":[{"gov":"Australia","ref":["3"],"schedule":"S4 substance"},{"gov":"Brazil","ref":[],"schedule":"B1 substance"},{"gov":"Canada","ref":[],"schedule":"Schedule IV substance"},{"gov":"Germany","ref":[],"schedule":"prescription only/Anlage III substance"},{"gov":"New Zealand","ref":[],"schedule":"Class C5 substance"},{"gov":"United Kingdom","ref":["4"],"schedule":"Class C substance"},{"act":"Controlled Substances Act (CSA)","gov":"United States","ref":[],"schedule":"Schedule I"},{"gov":"European Union","ref":[],"schedule":"prescription only substance"},{"gov":"United Nations","ref":[],"schedule":"schedule IV substance"}],"Solubility":"less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)","StereoisomerData":[],"Stereoisomers":[],"Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 84.043 95.811\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" 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Sedatives, Nonbarbiturate","Title":"Diazepam","Toxicity Data":"LD50:  1200 mg/kg (oral, rat) (L1862)\nLD50:  1000 mg/kg (oral, dog) (L1862) \nLD50:  700  mg/kg (oral, mice) (L1862)","Treatment":"General supportive measures should be employed, along with intravenous fluids, and an adequate airway maintained. Hypotension may be combated by the use of norepinephrine or metaraminol. Dialysis is of limited value. Flumazenil, a specific benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, is indicated for the complete or partial reversal of the sedative effects of benzodiazepines and may be used in situations when an overdose with a benzodiazepine is known or suspected. (L1712)","UNII":"Q3JTX2Q7TU","Wikidata":"Q210402","Wikipedia":"Diazepam","XLogP":3}