{"ATC Code":["N - Nervous system","N06 - Psychoanaleptics","N06B - Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics","N06BA - Centrally acting sympathomimetics","N06BA02 - Dexamfetamine","QN - Nervous system","QN06 - Psychoanaleptics","QN06B - Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics","QN06BA - Centrally acting sympathomimetics","QN06BA02 - Dexamfetamine"],"Absorption, Distribution and Excretion":"Bioavailability data of dextroamphetamine is not readily available, however there is no difference in bioavailability when taken with or without a meal.","Aliases":["amphetamine","Amphetamine","Dexamphetamine","Dexamfetamine","Dexadrine","Dexidrine","(+)-Amphetamine","1-Phenyl-2-aminopropane","Amsustain","Dephadren","Sympamin","1-Phenyl-2-propylamine","α-Methylphenethylamine","α-Methylphenylethylamine","(+)-β-Phenylisopropylamine","α-Phenylethylamine","α-methylphenethylamine","2-Amino-1-phenylpropane","α-methylbenzeneethanamine","dextro-Amphetamine","1-Phenyl-2-aminopropan","Amphetamine, d-","(αS)-α-methylbenzeneethanamine","Amfetamine, (s)-","XELSTRYM","Benzeneethanamine, α-methyl-, (S)-","dextro Amphetamine","NSC-73713","CHEBI:4469","Dtxsid8022907","4-12-00-02587","d Amphetamine","NSC73713","d Amphetamine Sulfate","NSC126789","Sulfate, Dextroamphetamine"," Amphetamine Sulfate","α-Methylphenethylamine, d-","Dtxcid802907","200-112-1","Phenaminum","Dexanfetamina","(2S)-(+)-Amphetamine","AM","Desamfetamina","CHEMBL612","Benzeneethanamine, α-methyl-, (αS)-","Dexamfetamina","Dexamfetaminum","Dexamphetaminum","1-Phenyl-2-propanamine","α-Methylphenethylamine, d-form","HSDB 3055","Phenethylamine, α-methyl-, d-","Einecs 200-112-1","NSC 73713","Phenethylamine, α-methyl-, (+)-","Brn 2205872","Unii-tz47u051fi","S(+)amphetamine","Xelstrym","1WE","Epitope ID:224549","Schembl8859","1-methyl-2-phenyl-ethylamine","1-phenylpropan-2-amine","Dextroamphetamine","Schembl351709","GTPL2147","Bdbm50022723","Pdsp1_001511","Pdsp2_001495","AB03711","DB01576","NS00075524","C07884","D03740","Ab01563181_01","Benzeneethanamine, α-methyl-, (aS)-","Brd-k21160401-065-01-0","(+)-Amphetamine (Dextroamphetamine) 1.0 mg/ml in Methanol","amphetamine; D-amphetamine; Dexamphetamine; Dexedrine; Dextrostat"],"Biological Half-Life":"11.75 hours. In a study of post-stroke patients the half life was 16.0 hours in females and 12.4 hours in males. Studies in healthy populations show a half life of 7.9 hours.","Boiling Point":"203.5 °C","CAS":"51-64-9","ChemicalClasses":["amphetamine"],"Chirality":"absolute","Classes":["Stimulant"],"Color/Form":"Colorless liquid","DBI-IGS":["Dextroamphetamine","Amphetamine","Amphetamine"],"Decomposition":"When heated to decomposition it emits toxic nitroxides.","Density":"0.949 g/cu cm at 15 °C g/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e","Dosing Info":[{"Method":"Insufflated","Tiers":{"Common":{"Entries":0,"Lower":7.1,"Percentage":0,"Unit":"mg","Upper":10},"Extreme":{"Entries":0,"Lower":15,"Percentage":0,"Unit":"mg","Upper":15},"Heavy":{"Entries":0,"Lower":15,"Percentage":0,"Unit":"mg","Upper":15},"Light":{"Entries":2,"Lower":7.1,"Percentage":50,"Unit":"mg","Upper":7.1},"Strong":{"Entries":2,"Lower":10,"Percentage":50,"Unit":"mg","Upper":15}}},{"Method":"Sublingual","Tiers":{"Common":{"Entries":26,"Lower":3.3,"Percentage":54.2,"Unit":"mg","Upper":5},"Extreme":{"Entries":2,"Lower":5,"Percentage":4.2,"Unit":"mg","Upper":5},"Heavy":{"Entries":0,"Lower":5,"Percentage":0,"Unit":"mg","Upper":5},"Light":{"Entries":20,"Lower":3.3,"Percentage":41.7,"Unit":"mg","Upper":3.3},"Strong":{"Entries":0,"Lower":5,"Percentage":0,"Unit":"mg","Upper":5}}},{"Method":"Oral","Tiers":{"Common":{"Entries":136,"Lower":5,"Percentage":43.3,"Unit":"mg","Upper":10},"Extreme":{"Entries":22,"Lower":10,"Percentage":7,"Unit":"mg","Upper":10},"Heavy":{"Entries":0,"Lower":10,"Percentage":0,"Unit":"mg","Upper":10},"Light":{"Entries":156,"Lower":5,"Percentage":49.7,"Unit":"mg","Upper":5},"Strong":{"Entries":0,"Lower":10,"Percentage":0,"Unit":"mg","Upper":10}}},{"Method":"Intrarectal","Tiers":{"Common":{"Entries":0,"Lower":30.9,"Percentage":0,"Unit":"mg","Upper":30},"Extreme":{"Entries":1,"Lower":46,"Percentage":33.3,"Unit":"mg","Upper":46},"Heavy":{"Entries":0,"Lower":40,"Percentage":0,"Unit":"mg","Upper":46},"Light":{"Entries":2,"Lower":30.9,"Percentage":66.7,"Unit":"mg","Upper":30.9},"Strong":{"Entries":0,"Lower":30,"Percentage":0,"Unit":"mg","Upper":40}}}],"Drug Classes":["Breast Feeding","Lactation","Milk, Human","Adrenergic Agents","Central Nervous System Stimulants","Dopamine Agents","Sympathomimetics","Wakefulness-Promoting Agents"],"Drug Indication":"Dextroamphetamine is indicated for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.","Drug Warnings":"/BOXED WARNING/ amphetamines have a high potential for abuse. Administration of amphetamines for prolonged periods of time may lead to drug dependence and must be avoided. Particular attention should be paid to the possibility of subjects obtaining amphetamines for non-therapeutic use or distribution to others, and the drugs should be prescribed or dispensed sparingly. Misuse of amphetamines may cause sudden death and serious cardiovascular adverse events.","DurationOfAction":"Immediate release dosing: 3 – 6\u0026nbsp;hours\u003ca href='#cite_note-6'\u003e\u003csup\u003e[6]\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003eExtended release dosing: 8 – 12\u0026nbsp;hours\u003ca href='#cite_note-7'\u003e\u003csup\u003e[7]\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e","EliminationHalfLife":"9 – 11\u0026nbsp;hours\u003ca href='#cite_note-5'\u003e\u003csup\u003e[5]\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003epH-dependent: 7 – 34\u0026nbsp;hours","Esters":[],"European Community (EC) Number":"200-112-1","FDA Pharmacological Classification":[{"Name":"FDA UNII","ReferenceNumber":23,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"TZ47U051FI"}]}},{"Name":"Active Moiety","ReferenceNumber":23,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"DEXTROAMPHETAMINE"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":23,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"Established Pharmacologic Class [EPC] - Central Nervous System Stimulant"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":23,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"Physiologic Effects [PE] - Central Nervous System Stimulation"}]}},{"Name":"FDA Pharmacology Summary","ReferenceNumber":23,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"Markup":[{"Extra":"CID-5826","Length":17,"Start":0,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Dextroamphetamine"},{"Extra":"CID-5826","Length":17,"Start":83,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/dextroamphetamine"}],"String":"Dextroamphetamine is a Central Nervous System Stimulant. The physiologic effect of dextroamphetamine is by means of Central Nervous System Stimulation."}]}},{"Name":"Non-Proprietary Name","ReferenceNumber":37,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"DEXTROAMPHETAMINE"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":37,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"Central Nervous System Stimulant [EPC]; Central Nervous System Stimulation [PE]"}]}}],"Formating":[],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0015516","Health Effects":"Using large amounts of these drugs can result in a condition known as amphetamine psychosis -- which can result in auditory, visual and tactile hallucinations, intense paranoia, irrational thoughts and beliefs, delusions, and mental confusion.","HeavyAtomCount":10,"Human Drugs":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Adrenergic Agents; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Dopamine Agents; Sympathomimetics; Wakefulness-Promoting Agents","IUPACName":"(2S)-1-phenylpropan-2-amine","InChI":"InChI=1S/C9H13N/c1-8(10)7-9-5-3-2-4-6-9/h2-6,8H,7,10H2,1H3/t8-/m0/s1","InChIKey":"KWTSXDURSIMDCE-QMMMGPOBSA-N","Interactions":"Gastrointestinal acidifying agents (guanethidine, reserpine, glutamic acid HCl, ascorbic acid, fruit juices, etc.) lower absorption of amphetamines. Urinary acidifying agents (ammonium chloride, sodium acid phosphate, etc.) increase the concentration of the ionized species of the amphetamine molecule, thereby increasing urinary excretion. Both groups of agents lower blood levels and efficacy of amphetamines.","KEGG Entries":[{"Id":"D03740","Interactions":[{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2D6"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP2D6"}],"Synonyms":["Dextroamphetamine","Dexamfetamine","Xelstrym"]},{"Id":"D03740","Interactions":[{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2D6"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP2D6"}],"Synonyms":["Dextroamphetamine","Dexamfetamine","Xelstrym"]},{"Id":"D07445","Interactions":[],"Synonyms":["Amfetamine","Amphetamine","Adzenys","Dyanavel"]},{"Id":"D03740","Interactions":[{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2D6"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP2D6"}],"Synonyms":["Dextroamphetamine","Dexamfetamine","Xelstrym"]},{"Id":"D07445","Interactions":[],"Synonyms":["Amfetamine","Amphetamine","Adzenys","Dyanavel"]},{"Id":"D03740","Interactions":[{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2D6"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP2D6"}],"Synonyms":["Dextroamphetamine","Dexamfetamine","Xelstrym"]}],"MeSH Headers":[{"Id":"M0006134","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0006134.html","Name":"Dextroamphetamine","Ref":60},{"Id":"DescTree","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":"MeSH Tree","Ref":62},{"Id":"PubMed from MeSH","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":null,"Ref":87},{"Id":"M0001063","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0001063.html","Name":"Central Nervous System Stimulants","Ref":88},{"Id":"M0028098","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0028098.html","Name":"Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors","Ref":89}],"MeSH Pharmacological Classification":[{"Id":"M0001063","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0001063.html","Name":"Central Nervous System Stimulant","Ref":88},{"Id":"M0028098","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0028098.html","Name":"Dopamine Uptake Inhibitor","Ref":89}],"Mechanism of Action":"The exact mechanism of amphetamines as a class is not known. Dextroamphetamine acts by preventing reuptake, increasing release, and stimulating reverse-transport of dopamine in synaptic clefts in the striatum. Newer evidence shows amphetamines may also alter the number of dopamine transporters in synaptic clefts.","Melting Point":"27.5 °C","Metabolism/Metabolites":"Dextroamphetamine is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 2D6 in the liver to 4-hydroxyamphetamine and later conjugated by sulfotransferase or glucoronyltransferase.","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e13\u003c/sub\u003eN","MolecularWeight":"135.21 g/mol","Non-Human Toxicity Values":"LD50 Rat oral 96.8 mg/kg","Opticalactivity":"( + )","Pharmacodynamics":"Dextroamphetamine is a noncatecholamine, sympathomimetic amine that acts as a CNS stimulant. Dextroamphetamine raises systolic and diastolic blood pressure, acts as a weak bronchodilator, and also acts as a respiratory stimulant. The general mechanism of action of dextroamphetamine has not been well established.","Physical Description":"Solid","PubChemId":5826,"Record Description":["LiverTox|CNS|ADHD|Sympathomimetic amine"],"Records":{"UNII":{"Impurities":[]}},"RefChem":"5738","RefCount":8,"RefCur":"","References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dextroamphetamine","Name":"Dextroamphetamine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1706418","Name":"Dextroamphetamine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/DB01576","Name":"Dextroamphetamine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5826","Name":"Dextroamphetamine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=51-64-9","Name":"Dextroamphetamine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0015516","Name":"Dextroamphetamine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C07884","Name":"Dextroamphetamine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/TZ47U051FI","Name":"Dextroamphetamine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID8022907","Name":"Dextroamphetamine","Sub":false}]}],"Refs":["National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5826, amphetamine. Accessed April 29, 2026. \u003ca href=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5826\u003ehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5826\u003c/a\u003e","U.S. Food and Drug Administration; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Dextroamphetamine. UNII: TZ47U051FI. Global Substance Registration System. Accessed April 29, 2026. \u003ca href=https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/TZ47U051FI\u003ehttps://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/TZ47U051FI\u003c/a\u003e","Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard—February 2023) Instrument 2022. September 26, 2022. Accessed April 29, 2026. \u003ca href=https://www.legislation.gov.au/Series/F2022L01257\u003ehttps://www.legislation.gov.au/Series/F2022L01257\u003c/a\u003e","Fuller K. ADHD Stimulant Prescribing Regulations \u0026 Authorities in Australia \u0026 New Zealand. February 20, 2022. Accessed April 29, 2026. \u003ca href=https://aadpa.com.au/adhd-stimulant-prescribing-regulations-in-australia-new-zealand/\u003ehttps://aadpa.com.au/adhd-stimulant-prescribing-regulations-in-australia-new-zealand/\u003c/a\u003e","Adderall- dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine sulfate tablet. February 27, 2022. Accessed April 29, 2026. \u003ca href=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=f22635fe-821d-4cde-aa12-419f8b53db81\u003ehttps://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=f22635fe-821d-4cde-aa12-419f8b53db81\u003c/a\u003e","Mignot EJ. A practical guide to the therapy of narcolepsy and hypersomnia syndromes. Neurotherapeutics. October 1, 2012; 9(4):739–752.","Stahl SM. Prescriber's Guide: Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology. Cambridge University Press. March 1, 2017."],"SMILES":"C[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)N","SaltData":[{"AcidCount":1,"Amine":"Dextroamphetamine","AmineCount":2,"Formula":"[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)O)([C@@H](C(=O)O)O)O","Name":"hemisaccharate","RName":"saccharate","Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 198.105 44.262\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#fff\"/\u003e\u003cdesc\u003eGenerated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk)\u003c/desc\u003e\u003cg fill=\"#ff0d0d\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\".7\"\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M0 0h199v45H0z\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"mol\"\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#000\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M55.613 14.987h-.7l-1.75 15.24h4.2z\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m55.263 14.987-13.198-7.62M42.065 7.367l-13.199 7.62\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M28.866 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conditions.","StereoisomerData":[],"Stereoisomers":[],"Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 76.346 34.536\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#fff\"/\u003e\u003cdesc\u003eGenerated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk)\u003c/desc\u003e\u003cg fill=\"#3050f8\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\".7\"\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M0 0h77v35H0z\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"mol\"\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#000\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M54.186 10.63h-.7l-1.75 15.24h4.2z\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M53.836 10.63 40.638 3.01M40.638 3.01 27.44 10.63\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M27.44 10.63 14.236 3.001M25.002 12.037l-10.766-6.22\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m14.236 3.001-13.198 7.62\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m1.038 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2.9\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e","Subjective Effects":{"Cognitive Effects":["Analysis enhancement","Ego inflation","Focus enhancement","Increased music appreciation","Motivation enhancement","Thought acceleration","Wakefulness","Disinhibition","Suggestibility suppression","Cognitive euphoria","Compulsive redosing","Mania"],"Physical Effects":["Increased libido","Stamina enhancement","Stimulation","Appetite suppression","Dehydration","Dry mouth","Restless legs","Shakiness","Teeth grinding","Abnormal heartbeat","Increased blood pressure","Increased heart rate","Vasoconstriction"],"Visual Effects":[]},"Therapeutic Uses":"Central Nervous System Stimulants; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors","Title":"Dextroamphetamine","Toxicity Data":"LD50: 96.8 mg/kg (oral, rat).","Treatment":"Management of acute amphetamine intoxication is largely symptomatic and includes gastric lavage, administration of activated charcoal, administration of a cathartic, and sedation. Experience with hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is inadequate to permit recommendation in this regard. Acidification of the urine increases amphetamine excretion, but is believed to increase risk of acute renal failure if myoglobinuria is present. If acute, severe hypertension complicates amphetamine overdosage, administration of intravenous phentolamine has been suggested. However, a gradual drop in blood pressure will usually result when sufficient sedation has been achieved. Chlorpromazine antagonizes the central stimulant effects of amphetamines and can be used to treat amphetamine intoxication. (L1712)","UNII":"TZ47U051FI","Wikidata":"Q1706418","Wikipedia":"Dextroamphetamine","XLogP":1.8}