{"ATC Code":["N - Nervous system","N05 - Psycholeptics","N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives","N05CM - Other hypnotics and sedatives","N05CM18 - Dexmedetomidine","QN - Nervous system","QN05 - Psycholeptics","QN05C - Hypnotics and sedatives","QN05CM - Other hypnotics and sedatives","QN05CM18 - Dexmedetomidine"],"Absorption, Distribution and Excretion":"A mass balance study demonstrated that after nine days an average of 95% of the radioactivity, following intravenous administration of radiolabeled dexmedetomidine, was recovered in the urine and 4% in the feces. Fractionation of the radioactivity excreted in urine demonstrated that products of N-glucuronidation accounted for approximately 34% of the cumulative urinary excretion. The majority of metabolites are excreted in the urine.","Adverse Effects":"The most common adverse effects of dexmedetomidine are hypotension, bradycardia, and hypertension. Hypertension can result from the stimulation of alpha subtypes of receptors in vascular smooth muscles. Hypertension usually does not require treatment and can be avoided by the slow administration or omission of the loading dose. Hypotension and bradycardia are the results of the stimulation of presynaptic alpha receptors, which leads to a decreased release of norepinephrine; this is in addition to the decrease in the central sympathetic outflow. These are concerns regardless of the route of administration.","Aliases":["Dexmedetomidine","Dexmedetomidina","Dexmedetomidinum","MPV 1440","MPV-1440","Medetomidine, (s)-","4-((S)-α,2,3-Trimethylbenzyl)imidazole","4-[(1S)-1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole","CHEBI:4466","Dtxsid10873388","4-((1S)-1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl)-1H-imidazole","4-((1S)-1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl)-3H-imidazole","4-[(1S)-1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-3H-imidazole","1H-Imidazole, 4-(1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl)-, (R)-","MPV1440","Hydrochloride, Dexmedetomidine","Dtxcid00820907","N05CM18","1H-Imidazole, 5-[(1S)-1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-","5-(1-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)ethyl)-1H-imidazole","Precedex","Mfcd00880557","CHEMBL778","4-[1-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole","4-[(1~{S})-1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1~{H}-imidazole","4-(1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl)-1H-imidazole","Unii-67vb76hono","Medetomidine","Dexdor","1H-Imidazole, 4-[(1S)-1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-","Tocris-2023","Ncgc00025347-01","Schembl26433","GTPL521","Schembl119382","orb1305360","4-[1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl) ethyl]-1H -imidazole monohydrochloride","Schembl17745072","Schembl31048740","DexmedetomidineHclC13H16N2.Hcl","TPU 006","HMS3885M07","Bdbm50085683","EBC-26188","EX-A10203","HY-12719R","Mfcd22683655","s3075","Akos025149503","Akos026750524","CCG-266586","DB00633","Igalmi","Ncgc00371080-02","Ncgc00371080-09","AS-68685","HY-12719","SY116126","CS-0012295","NS00069904","SW219607-1","C07450","D00514","En300-127736","Ab01566872_01","Ab01566872_02","F468379","4-[(1S)-1-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazol","Brd-k18423410-001-02-9","Brd-k18423410-003-02-5","4-[(s)-1-(2,3-dimethyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-1h-imidazole","4-((S)-α,2,3-trimethylbenzyl)imidazole"],"Biological Half-Life":"2 hours","CAS":"113775-47-6","ChemicalClasses":["phenethylamine"],"Chirality":"absolute","Drug Classes":["Breast Feeding","Lactation","Milk, Human","Hypnotics and Sedatives","Anesthetics, Intravenous","Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists","Analgesics"],"Drug Indication":"Administered intravenously, dexmedetomidine is indicated for the sedation of initially intubated and mechanically ventilated patients during treatment in intensive care settings, and for the sedation of non-intubated patients prior to and/or during surgery and other procedures. It is also available as a buccally- or sublingually-administered dissolvable film for the acute treatment of agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar I or II disorder.","EliminationHalfLife":"2 – 4 hours","Esters":[],"European Community (EC) Number":"601-281-8","FDA Pharmacological Classification":[{"Name":"FDA UNII","ReferenceNumber":25,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"67VB76HONO"}]}},{"Name":"Active Moiety","ReferenceNumber":25,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"DEXMEDETOMIDINE"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":25,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"Mechanisms of Action [MoA] - Adrenergic alpha2-Agonists"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":25,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"Established Pharmacologic Class [EPC] - Central alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":25,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"Physiologic Effects [PE] - General Anesthesia"}]}},{"Name":"FDA Pharmacology Summary","ReferenceNumber":25,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"Markup":[{"Extra":"CID-5311068","Length":15,"Start":0,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Dexmedetomidine"},{"Extra":"CID-5311068","Length":15,"Start":84,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/dexmedetomidine"},{"Extra":"CID-5311068","Length":15,"Start":162,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/dexmedetomidine"}],"String":"Dexmedetomidine is a Central alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist. The mechanism of action of dexmedetomidine is as an Adrenergic alpha2-Agonist. The physiologic effect of dexmedetomidine is by means of General Anesthesia."}]}},{"Name":"Non-Proprietary Name","ReferenceNumber":33,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"DEXMEDETOMIDINE"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":33,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"General Anesthesia [PE]; Adrenergic alpha2-Agonists [MoA]; Central alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist [EPC]"}]}}],"Formating":[],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0014771","HeavyAtomCount":15,"Human Drugs":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics","IUPACName":"5-[(1S)-1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole","InChI":"InChI=1S/C13H16N2/c1-9-5-4-6-12(10(9)2)11(3)13-7-14-8-15-13/h4-8,11H,1-3H3,(H,14,15)/t11-/m0/s1","InChIKey":"CUHVIMMYOGQXCV-NSHDSACASA-N","KEGG Entries":[{"Id":"D00514","Interactions":[{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2A6"},{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2C19"},{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2D6"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP2D6"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP2C19"}],"Synonyms":["Dexmedetomidine","Dexdor","Precedex"]},{"Id":"D01205","Interactions":[{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2A6"},{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2C19"},{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2D6"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP2D6"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP2C19"}],"Synonyms":["Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride","Igalmi","Precedex"]},{"Id":"D00514","Interactions":[{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2A6"},{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2C19"},{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2D6"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP2D6"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP2C19"}],"Synonyms":["Dexmedetomidine","Dexdor","Precedex"]},{"Id":"D01205","Interactions":[{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2A6"},{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2C19"},{"Action":"inhibition","Target":"CYP2D6"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP2D6"},{"Action":"induction","Target":"CYP2C19"}],"Synonyms":["Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride","Igalmi","Precedex"]}],"MeSH Headers":[{"Id":"M0140432","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0140432.html","Name":"Dexmedetomidine","Ref":58},{"Id":"M0332428","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0332428.html","Name":"MPV-1440","Ref":60},{"Id":"DescTree","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":"MeSH Tree","Ref":61},{"Id":"PubMed from MeSH","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":null,"Ref":83},{"Id":"M0010885","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0010885.html","Name":"Hypnotics and Sedatives","Ref":84},{"Id":"M0028038","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0028038.html","Name":"Analgesics, Non-Narcotic","Ref":85},{"Id":"M0543921","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0543921.html","Name":"Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists","Ref":86}],"MeSH Pharmacological Classification":[{"Id":"M0010885","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0010885.html","Name":"Hypnotics and Sedative","Ref":84},{"Id":"M0028038","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0028038.html","Name":"Analgesics, Non-Narcotic","Ref":85},{"Id":"M0543921","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0543921.html","Name":"Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonist","Ref":86}],"Mechanism of Action":"Dexmedetomidine is a specific and selective alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist. By binding to the presynaptic alpha-2 adrenoceptors, it inhibits the release if norepinephrine, therefore, terminate the propagation of pain signals. Activation of the postsynaptic alpha-2 adrenoceptors inhibits the sympathetic activity decreases blood pressure and heart rate.","Metabolism/Metabolites":"Hepatic","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e13\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e16\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e","MolecularWeight":"200.28 g/mol","Opticalactivity":"( + )","Pharmacodynamics":"Dexmedetomidine activates 2-adrenoceptors, and causes the decrease of sympathetic tone, with attenuation of the neuroendocrine and hemodynamic responses to anesthesia and surgery; it reduces anesthetic and opioid requirements; and causes sedation and analgesia.","Physical Description":"Solid","PubChemId":5311068,"Records":{"UNII":{"Impurities":[]}},"RefChem":"919964","RefCount":4,"RefCur":"","References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexmedetomidine","Name":"Dexmedetomidine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412133","Name":"Dexmedetomidine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/DB00633","Name":"Dexmedetomidine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5311068","Name":"Dexmedetomidine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=113775-47-6","Name":"Dexmedetomidine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0014771","Name":"Dexmedetomidine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C07450","Name":"Dexmedetomidine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/67VB76HONO","Name":"Dexmedetomidine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID10873388","Name":"Dexmedetomidine","Sub":false}]}],"Refs":["National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5311068, Dexmedetomidine. Accessed April 16, 2026. \u003ca href=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5311068\u003ehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5311068\u003c/a\u003e","U.S. Food and Drug Administration; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Dexmedetomidine. UNII: 67VB76HONO. Global Substance Registration System. Accessed April 16, 2026. \u003ca href=https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/67VB76HONO\u003ehttps://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/67VB76HONO\u003c/a\u003e","DEXMEDETOMIDINE FRESENIUS (Fresenius Kabi Australia Pty Ltd). 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