{"ATC Code":"N03AE01","Abbreviation":[],"Adverse Effects":"The adverse effects of clonazepam derive from its property to act as a central nervous system depressant like all the other BZD drugs.","Aliases":["Klonopin","Rivotril","Chlonazepam","Cloazepam","Iktorivil","Clonazepamum","Ravotril","Rivatril","Ro 4-8180","Klonopin Rapidly Disintegrating","Clonazepam civ","2H-1,4-Benzodiazepin-2-one, 5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-7-nitro-","1,3-Dihydro-7-nitro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-2H-1,4.benzodiazepin-2-one","5-(2-Chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one","Ro 54023","Ro-5-4023","5-(o-Chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one","7-Nitro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2(1H)-one","Ro-54023","2H-1,4-Benzodiazepin-2-one, 5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-7-nitro-","5-(2-Chlorophenyl)-7-nitro-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one","5-(o-Chlorophenyl)-7-nitro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2(3H)-one","5-(o-chlorophenyl)-7-nitro-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one","RO5-4023","5-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-7-nitro-1,3-dihydro-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2-one"],"Biological Half-Life":"The mean elimination half-life determined for clonazepam is independent of the dose given and has been documented as being about 30-40 hours.","CAS":"1622-61-3","ChEBI":"CHEBI:3756","ChEMBL":"CHEMBL452","ChemicalClasses":["benzodiazepine"],"Chirality":"achiral","Color/Form":"White crystals from ethanol-methylene chloride","DEA no":2737,"Decomposition":"When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride and nitrogen oxides/.","Drug Classes":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines","Drug Indication":"Clonazepam is indicated as monotherapy or as an adjunct in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (petit mal variant), akinetic, and myoclonic seizures. Furthermore, clonazepam may also be of some value in patients with absence spells (petit mal) who have failed to respond to succinimides. Additionally, clonazepam is also indicated for the treatment of panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia, as defined in the DSM-V.  Alternatively, some regional prescribing information note that clonazepam is indicated for all clinical forms of epileptic disease and seizures in adults, especially absence seizures (petit mal) including atypical absence; primary or secondarily generalised tonic-clonic (grand mal), tonic or clonic seizures; partial (focal) seizures with elementary or complex symptomatology; various forms of myoclonic seizures, myoclonus and associated abnormal movements. Such regional label data also has clonazepam indicated for most types of epilepsy in infants and children, especially absences (petit mal), myoclonic seizures and tonic-clonic fits, whether due to primary generalized epilepsy or to secondary generalization of partial epilepsy.","Drug Warnings":"/BOXED WARNING/ WARNING: RISKS FROM CONCOMITANT USE WITH OPIOIDS. Concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioids may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Follow patients for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation.","EINECS":"216-596-2","Esters":[],"European Community (EC) Number":"216-596-2","FDA Pharmacological Classification":"5PE9FDE8GB","Formating":[],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0015201","Health Effects":"May cause a potentially dangerous rash that may develop into Stevens Johnson syndrome, an extremely rare but potentially fatal skin disease.","HeavyAtomCount":22,"Human Drugs":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines","IUPACName":"5-(2-chlorophenyl)-7-nitro-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one","Impurities":["3-amino-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-nitrocarbostyril","2-amino-2'-chloro-5-nitrobenzophenone"],"InChI":"InChI=1S/C15H10ClN3O3/c16-12-4-2-1-3-10(12)15-11-7-9(19(21)22)5-6-13(11)18-14(20)8-17-15/h1-7H,8H2,(H,18,20)","InChIKey":"DGBIGWXXNGSACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N","Interactions":"Increased salivation, hypersecretion in upper respiratory passages, chest congestion, rhinorrhea, and shortness of breath may occur in patients receiving clonazepam. In one study, increased salivation, mucous obstruction of the nasopharynx and bronchi, and difficulty in swallowing occurred in infants receiving the drug. The investigator reported that these effects occurred most frequently when clonazepam was used in conjunction with phenobarbital.","LD50":[{"dosages":[{"amount":"\u0026gt;15 gm/kg","route":"oral"},{"amount":"14200 mg/kg","route":"intraperitoneal"},{"amount":"\u0026gt;10 gm/kg","route":"subcutaneous"}],"organism":"Rat"},{"dosages":[{"amount":"2 gm/kg","route":"oral"},{"amount":"13300 mg/kg","route":"intraperitoneal"},{"amount":"\u0026gt;10 gm/kg","route":"subcutaneous"},{"amount":"\u0026gt;18 mg/kg","route":"intravenous"}],"organism":"Mouse"}],"MeSH Pharmacological Classification":"Drugs used to prevent SEIZURES or reduce their severity.","Melting Point":"238-240","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eClN\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e","MolecularWeight":"315.71 g/mol","Non-Human Toxicity Values":"LD50 Mouse ip 13,300 mg/kg","Odor":"Faint odor","Pharmacodynamics":"The pharmacodynamic properties of clonazepam are common among benzodiazepines and include anticonvulsive, sedative, muscle relaxing and anxiolytic effects. Animal data and electroencephalographic investigations in man have shown that clonazepam rapidly suppresses many types of paroxysmal activity including the spike and wave discharge in absence seizures (petit mal), slow spike wave, generalized spike wave, spikes with temporal or other locations, as well as irregular spikes and waves. Moreover, the agent can also decrease the frequency, amplitude, duration, and spread of discharge in minor motor seizures.  Generalized EEG abnormalities are more readily suppressed by clonazepam than are focal EEG abnormalities such as focal spikes. Clonazepam has beneficial effects in generalized and focal epilepsies.","Physical Description":"Solid","PubChemId":2802,"Record Description":["LiverTox|CNS|Anticonvulsant|Benzodiazepine"],"RefCount":3,"RefCur":"","References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonazepam","Name":"Clonazepam","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407988","Name":"Clonazepam","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB01068","Name":"Clonazepam","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/2802","Name":"Clonazepam","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"ChEMBL","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL452","Name":"Clonazepam","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"ChEBI","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:3756","Name":"Clonazepam","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=1622-61-3","Name":"Clonazepam","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0015201","Name":"Clonazepam","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D00280","Name":"Clonazepam","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/5PE9FDE8GB","Name":"Clonazepam","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID1022845","Name":"Clonazepam","Sub":false}]}],"Refs":["National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 2802, Clonazepam. Accessed September 1, 2025. \u003ca href=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/2802\u003ehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/2802\u003c/a\u003e","U.S. Food and Drug Administration; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Clonazepam. UNII: 5PE9FDE8GB. Global Substance Registration System. Accessed September 1, 2025. \u003ca href=https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/5PE9FDE8GB\u003ehttps://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/5PE9FDE8GB\u003c/a\u003e"],"SMILES":"C1C(=O)NC2=C(C=C(C=C2)[N+](=O)[O-])C(=N1)C3=CC=CC=C3Cl","SaltData":[{"AcidCount":1,"Amine":"Clonazepam","AmineCount":1,"Formula":"Cl","Name":"hydrochloride","Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 117.609 91.61\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#fff\"/\u003e\u003cdesc\u003eGenerated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk)\u003c/desc\u003e\u003cg fill=\"#3050f8\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\".7\"\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M0 0h118v92H0z\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"mol\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m88.956 28.691-6.604-13.716\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m81.036 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","Treatment":"Treatment includes monitoring of respiration, pulse and blood pressure, general supportive measures and immediate gastric  lavage. Intravenous fluids should be administered and an adequate airway maintained. Hypotension may be combated by the use of levarterenol or metaraminol. Flumazenil, a specific benzodiazepine-receptor antagonist, is indicated for the complete or partial reversal of the sedative effects of benzodiazepines and may be used in situations when an overdose with a benzodiazepine is known or suspected. (L1712)","UNII":"5PE9FDE8GB","Wikidata":"Q407988","Wikipedia":"Clonazepam","XLogP":2.4}