{"ATC Code":"N05BA09","Abbreviation":"","Aliases":["Frisium","Urbanyl","Chlorepin","Clorepin","Urbadan","Onfi","Clobazamum","Mystan","LM-2717","HR 376"],"Biological Half-Life":"The estimated mean elimination half-lives (t½) of clobazam and N-desmethylclobazam were 36-42 hours and 71-82 hours, respectively.","CAS":"22316-47-8","CanonicalSMILES":"CN1C(=O)CC(=O)N(C2=C1C=CC(=C2)Cl)C3=CC=CC=C3","ChEBI":"CHEBI:31413","ChEMBL":"CHEMBL70418","ChemicalClasses":[],"Color/Form":"Crystals from 50% ethanol","Dosing Info":[],"Drug Classes":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines","Drug Indication":"Clobazam is indicated for the adjunctive treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) in patients 2 years of age or older.","Drug Warnings":"Since clobazam has a CNS depressant effect, patients or their caregivers should be cautioned against concomitant use of other CNS depressant drugs or alcohol, and cautioned that the effects of other CNS depressants or alcohol may be potentiated.","DrugClasses":["depressant"],"European Community (EC) Number":"244-908-7","FDA Pharmacological Classification":"2MRO291B4U","Human Drugs":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines","IUPACName":"7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4-dione","InChI":"InChI=1S/C16H13ClN2O2/c1-18-13-8-7-11(17)9-14(13)19(16(21)10-15(18)20)12-5-3-2-4-6-12/h2-9H,10H2,1H3","InChIKey":"CXOXHMZGEKVPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N","MeSH Pharmacological Classification":"Agents that alleviate ANXIETY, tension, and ANXIETY DISORDERS, promote sedation, and have a calming effect without affecting clarity of consciousness or neurologic conditions. ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS are commonly used in the symptomatic treatment of anxiety but are not included here. (See all compounds classified as Anti-Anxiety Agents.)","Melting Point":"182-185ºC","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e16\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e13\u003c/sub\u003eClN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e","MolecularWeight":"300.74 g/mol","Pharmacodynamics":"Clobazam belongs to the benzodiazepine class of drugs. Clobazam acts on the GABA\u003csub\u003eA\u003c/sub\u003e receptor to increase GABAnergic transmission, particularly chloride conductance in neurons. This causes neuronal hyperpolarization, resulting in an increase in the action potential threshold and reducing neuron firing frequency. Consequently, the general neuronal activity of the central nervous system is depressed; therefore, clobazam can be used to treat diseases caused by excessive excitatory action potentials.  The effect of clobazam 20 mg and 80 mg administered twice daily on QTc interval was evaluated in a randomized, evaluator-blinded, placebo-, and active-controlled (moxifloxacin 400 mg) parallel thorough QT study in 280 healthy subjects. In a study with demonstrated ability to detect small effects, the upper bound of the one-sided 95% confidence interval for the largest placebo-adjusted, baseline-corrected QTc based on the Fridericia correction method was below 10 ms, the threshold for regulatory concern. Thus, at a dose two times the maximum recommended dose, clobazam did not prolong the QTc interval to any clinically relevant extent.","Physical Description":"Solid","PubChemId":2789,"Record Description":["Clobazam is 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics. It has a role as an anticonvulsant, an anxiolytic drug and a GABA modulator. It is a 1,4-benzodiazepinone and an organochlorine compound.","Clobazam is a DEA Schedule IV controlled substance. Substances in the DEA Schedule IV have a low potential for abuse relative to substances in Schedule III. It is a Depressants substance.","Clobazam belongs to the 1,5-benzodiazepine class of drugs and is marketed under different names, Onfi, Frisium, Urbanyl, and others.. Clobazam was first synthesized in 1966 and first published in 1969, following the incidental synthesis and discovery of the first benzodiazepine chlordiazepoxide in the 1950s. Unlike older 1,4-benzodiazepines, clobazam has a better side-effects profile, particularly less sedative and amnesic effects. This is likely because of clobazam's higher affinity to the α2 subunit of the GABAA receptor, which mediates anxiolytic effects, than the α1 subunit, which mediates sedative effect. Additionally, clobazam is believed to be a partial agonist to the GABAA receptor rather than non-selective full receptor agonists like 1,4-benzodiazepines, thus potentially explaining the decreased incidence of sedative effects.  Clobazam has been marketed as an anxiolytic since 1975 and an anticonvulsant since 1984. In October 21, 2011, the FDA approved clobazam as an adjunctive treatment for seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in adults and children aged two years and older. In 2005, clobazam also received approval from Health Canada as an add-on therapy for generalized tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and focal impaired awareness seizures.","Clobazam is a Benzodiazepine. The mechanism of action of clobazam is as a Cytochrome P450 2D6 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inducer.","Clobazam is a benzodiazepine that is used as an anticonvulsant in the therapy of severe childhood epilepsy. Therapy with clobazam has not been associated with serum aminotransferase elevations, and clinically apparent liver injury from clobazam has yet to be reported and must be rare, if it occurs at all.","Clobazam is a 1,5-benzodiazepine and partial gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonist, with anxiolytic, sedative, and anticonvulsant activities. Clobazam binds to a specific site, distinct from the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA binding site, on the benzodiazepine-GABA-A-chloride ionophore receptor complex located in the central nervous system (CNS). This binding causes an allosteric modification of the receptor and enhances the affinity of GABA to the receptor leading to an increase in the opening of chloride-channels. This leads to an increase in chloride ion conductance, neuronal hyperpolarization, inhibition of the action potential and a decrease in neuronal excitability.","CLOBAZAM is a small molecule drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of IV (across all indications) that was first approved in 2005 and has 3 approved and 8 investigational indications. This drug has a black box warning from the FDA.","Clobazam belongs to the 1,5-benzodiazepine class of drugs and is expected to have a better side-effect profile compared to older 1,4-benzodiazepines. It has been marketed as an anxiolytic since 1975 and an anticonvulsant since 1984. The oral preparation was FDA approved on October 21, 2011. An oral suspension is expected to be available in 2013.","A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.","Clobazam is 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics. It has a role as an anticonvulsant, an anxiolytic drug and a GABA modulator. It is a 1,4-benzodiazepinone and an organochlorine compound."],"References":[{"name":"Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clobazam"},{"name":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412164"},{"name":"DrugBank","url":"https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00349"},{"name":"PubChem","url":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/2789"},{"name":"ChemSpider","url":"https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.2687.html"},{"name":"ChEMBL","url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL70418"},{"name":"ChEBI","url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:31413"},{"name":"Common Chemistry","url":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=22316-47-8"},{"name":"HMDB","url":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0014493"},{"name":"KEGG","url":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D01253"},{"name":"UNII","url":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/2MRO291B4U"},{"name":"EPA DSSTox","url":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID2046759"}],"Solubility":"Slightly soluble in water","StructureBase64":"<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" height="95.811mm" version="1.2" viewBox="0 0 84.043 95.811" width="84.043mm">
      
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","Taste":"Slightly bitter taste","Therapeutic Uses":"Anticonvulsants","Title":"Clobazam","UNII":"2MRO291B4U","Wikidata":"Q412164","XLogP":2.1}