{"ATC Code":"J01FF01","Abbreviation":[],"Absorption, Distribution and Excretion":"Oral bioavailability is nearly complete, at approximately 90%, and peak serum concentrations (Cmax) of, on average, 2.50 µg/mL are reached at 0.75 hours (Tmax). The AUC following an orally administered dose of 300mg was found to be approximately 11 µg•hr/mL. Systemic exposure from the administration of vaginal suppository formulations is 40-fold to 50-fold lower than that observed following parenteral administration and the Cmax observed following administration of vaginal cream formulations was 0.1% of that observed following parenteral administration.","Adverse Effects":"The adverse effects of clindamycin vary based on how its mode of administration. The most common adverse effects experienced with topical use include pruritis, xeroderma, erythema, burning, exfoliation, or oily skin. The most common side effects of intravaginal administration are vaginal candidiasis, pruritis, vulvovaginal disease, and vulvovaginitis. With systemic administration, the primary adverse effects of clindamycin are pseudomembranous colitis, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, resulting from clindamycin destroying much of the GI tract’s healthy flora. Clostridium difficile rapidly overgrows in this environment. The A and B toxins produced by C. difficile cause Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD). If suspected, a stool antigen test should be in order.","Aliases":["Clindamycin","18323-44-9","Chlolincocin","Clinimycin","Clindamicina","Clindamycine","7-Chlorolincomycin","7(S)-Chloro-7-deoxylincomycin","Clindamycinum","7-Chloro-7-deoxylincomycin","7-Deoxy-7(S)-chlorolincomycin","U-21251","U-21,251","3U02EL437C","Dtxsid2022836","7-CDL","threo-α-D-galacto-Octopyranoside, methyl 7-chloro-6,7,8-trideoxy-6-((((2S,4R)-1-methyl-4-propyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)carbonyl)amino)-1-thio-","threo-α-D-galacto-Octopyranoside, methyl 7-chloro-6,7,8-trideoxy-6-(((1-methyl-4-propyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)carbonyl)amino)-1-thio-, (2S-trans)-","threo-D-galacto-Octopyranoside, methyl 7-chloro-6,7,8-trideoxy-6-(1-methyl-4-propyl-L-2-pyrrolidinecarboxamido)-1-thio-, trans-α-","Methyl 7-chloro-6,7,8-trideoxy-6-(1-methyl-trans-4-propyl-L-2-pyrrolidinecarboxamido)-1-thio-L-threo-α-D-galacto-octopyranoside","CHEBI:3745","Chlorlincocin","(2S,4R)-N-((1S,2S)-2-chloro-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methylsulfanyloxan-2-yl)propyl)-1-methyl-4-propylpyrrolidine-2-carboxamide","ClindaMed Oral Drops","clindamycini hydrochloridum","7 Chloro 7 deoxylincomycin","Monohydrochloride, Clindamycin","Clindamycin in percent Dextrose","Dtxcid102836","D10AF01","G01AA10","J01FF01","Clindamycin In 5 Percent Dextrose","(2S,4R)-N-(2-chloro-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(methylsulfanyl)oxan-2-yl)propyl)-1-methyl-4-propylpyrrolidine-2-carboxamide","Monohydrate Clindamycin Monohydrochloride","Monohydrochloride, Monohydrate Clindamycin","242-209-1","Clindamax","Dalacine","Dalacin C","Sobelin","Cleocin","threo-a-D-galacto-Octopyranoside, methyl7-chloro-6,7,8-trideoxy-6-[[[(2S,4R)-1-methyl-4-propyl-2-pyrrolidinyl]carbonyl]amino]-1-thio-","U 21251","Klimicin","ClindaDerm","(2S,4R)-N-((1S,2S)-2-chloro-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(methylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)propyl)-1-methyl-4-propylpyrrolidine-2-carboxamide","Klindan 300","C18H33ClN2O5S","(2S,4R)-N-[(1S,2S)-2-chloro-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methylsulfanyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]propyl]-1-methyl-4-propyl-pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide","methyl 7-chloro-6,7,8-trideoxy-6-{[(4R)-1-methyl-4-propyl-L-prolyl]amino}-1-thio-L-threo-α-D-galacto-octopyranoside","Unii-3u02el437c","Sr-05000001477","HSDB 3037","Clindamycin Phosphate EP Impurity E","Einecs 242-209-1","Clindamycin \u0026 VRC3375","Schembl3154","CHEMBL1753","Clinda \u0026 il-12","Bidd:gt0418","Clindamycin \u0026 Interleukin 12","orb1300761","GTPL10607","HY-B1455R","HMS2089A05","HMS2089N16","HY-B1455","Threo-α-d-galacto-octopyranoside, methyl 7-chloro-6,7,8-trideoxy-6-(((1-methyl-4-propyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)carbonyl)amino)-1-thio-, (2s-trans)-","EBC-27053","Msk7803-100m","Akos037515852","Msk7803-1000m","AC34039","CCG-268941","Ncgc00263950-11","Ncgc00263950-16","(2S,4R)-N-[(1S,2S)-2-chloro-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(methylsulfanyl)oxan-2-yl]propyl]-1-methyl-4-propylpyrrolidine-2-carboxamide","CS-11147","threo-α-D-galacto-Octopyranoside, methyl 7-chloro-6,7,8-trideoxy-6-[[[(2S,4R)-1-methyl-4-propyl-2-pyrrolidinyl]carbonyl]amino]-1-thio-","Clindamycin Solution in Methanol, 100ug/mL","CS-0013163","NS00098633","Clindamycin Solution in Methanol, 1000ug/mL","C06914","D00277","G60910","Ab01275425-01","Ab01275425_02","323C449","A831786","En300-19736038","Sr-05000001477-1","Clindamycin phosphate impurity e","(2S,4R)-N-[(1S,2S)-2-chloranyl-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-methylsulfanyl-3,4,5-tris(oxidanyl)oxan-2-yl]propyl]-1-methyl-4-propyl-pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide","(2S,4R)-N-[(1S,2S)-2-chloro-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(methylthio)-2-oxanyl]propyl]-1-methyl-4-propyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxamide","threo-?-D-galacto-Octopyranoside, methyl 7-chloro-6,7,8-trideoxy-6-[[[(2S,4R)-1-methyl-4-propyl-2-pyrrolidinyl]carbonyl]amino]-1-thio-","methyl 7-chloro-6,7,8-trideoxy-6-({[(2S,4R)-1-methyl-4-propyl-2-pyrrolidinyl]carbonyl}amino)-1-thio-L-threo-α-D-galacto-octopyranoside"],"Biological Half-Life":"The elimination half-life of clindamycin is about 3 hours in adults and 2.5 hours in children. Half-life is increased to approximately 4 hours in the elderly.","CAS":"18323-44-9","Chemical Classes":"Mycins, Natural Products, Unspecified Origin","ChemicalClasses":["pyrrolidine"],"Chirality":"absolute","Classes":["Antibiotic"],"Color/Form":"Yellow, amorphous solid","Decomposition":"When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /chlorine, oxides of sulfur, and oxides of nitrogen/.","Drug Classes":["Breast Feeding","Lactation","Milk, Human","Anti-Infective Agents","Antibacterial Agents"],"Drug Indication":"In oral and parenteral formulations, clindamycin is indicated for the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible anaerobic bacteria, as well as susceptible staphylococci, streptococci, and pneumococci. Used topically, it is indicated for the treatment of acne vulgaris and is available in combination with [benzoyl peroxide] or [tretinoin] for this purpose, or as a triple combination therapy with benzoyl peroxide and [adapalene]. Clindamycin is also indicated as a vaginal cream, suppository, or gel for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis in non-pregnant females.  Clindamycin is used for antimicrobial prophylaxis against _Viridans_ group streptococcal infections in susceptible patients undergoing oral, dental, or upper respiratory surgery, and may be used for prophylaxis against bacterial endocarditis in penicillin-allergic patients at high risk of these infections.","Drug Warnings":"/BOXED WARNING/ Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with use of nearly all antibacterial agents, including CLEOCIN HCL and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis. Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon leading to overgrowth of C.difficle. Because CLEOCIN HCL therapy has been associated with severe colitis which may end fatally, it should be reserved for serious infections where less toxic antimicrobial agents are inappropriate... It should not be used in patients with nonbacterial infections such as most upper respiratory tract infections. C.difficile produces toxins A and B which contribute to the development of CDAD. Hypertoxin producing strains of C. difficile cause increased morbidity and mortality, as these infections can be refractory to antimicrobial therapy and may require colectomy. CDAD must be considered in all patients who present with diarrhea following antibiotic use. Careful medical history is necessary since CDAD has been reported to occur over two months after the administration of antibacterial agents. If CDAD is suspected or confirmed, ongoing antibiotic use not directed against C. difficile may need to be discontinued. Appropriate fluid and electrolyte management, protein supplementation, antibiotic treatment of C. difficile, and surgical evaluation should be instituted as clinically indicated.","DurationOfAction":"","EliminationHalfLife":"2 – 3 hour","Esters":[],"European Community (EC) Number":"242-209-1","FDA Pharmacological Classification":"3U02EL437C","Formating":[],"HeavyAtomCount":27,"Human Drugs":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibacterial Agents","IUPACName":"(2S,4R)-N-[(1S,2S)-2-chloro-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methylsulfanyloxan-2-yl]propyl]-1-methyl-4-propylpyrrolidine-2-carboxamide","InChI":"InChI=1S/C18H33ClN2O5S/c1-5-6-10-7-11(21(3)8-10)17(25)20-12(9(2)19)16-14(23)13(22)15(24)18(26-16)27-4/h9-16,18,22-24H,5-8H2,1-4H3,(H,20,25)/t9-,10+,11-,12+,13-,14+,15+,16+,18+/m0/s1","InChIKey":"KDLRVYVGXIQJDK-AWPVFWJPSA-N","Interactions":"Reversibility of antibiotic-induced paralysis of mouse phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation by calcium and by neostigmine.","MeSH Pharmacological Classification":"Compounds which inhibit the synthesis of proteins. They are usually ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS or toxins. Mechanism of the action of inhibition includes the interruption of peptide-chain elongation, the blocking the A site of ribosomes, the misreading of the genetic code or the prevention of the attachment of oligosaccharide side chains to glycoproteins.","Mechanism of Action":"Clindamycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to 23S RNA of the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. It impedes both the assembly of the ribosome and the translation process. The molecular mechanism through which this occurs is thought to be due to clindamycin's three-dimensional structure, which closely resembles the 3'-ends of L-Pro-Met-tRNA and deacylated-tRNA during the peptide elongation cycle - in acting as a structural analog of these tRNA molecules, clindamycin impairs peptide chain initiation and may stimulate dissociation of peptidyl-tRNA from bacterial ribosomes.  The mechanism through which topical clindamycin treats acne vulgaris is unclear, but may be related to its activity against _Propionibacterium acnes_, a bacteria that has been associated with acne.","Melting Point":"141-143C","Metabolism/Metabolites":"Clindamycin undergoes hepatic metabolism mediated primarily by CYP3A4 and, to a lesser extent, CYP3A5. Two inactive metabolites have been identified - an oxidative metabolite, clindamycin sulfoxide, and an N-demethylated metabolite, N-desmethylclindamycin.","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e18\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e33\u003c/sub\u003eClN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003eS","MolecularWeight":"425.0 g/mol","Non-Human Toxicity Values":"LD50 Rat subcutaneous 2618 mg/kg","Opticalactivity":"UNSPECIFIED","Pharmacodynamics":"Clindamycin exerts its bacteriostatic effect via inhibition of microbial protein synthesis. Clindamycin has a relatively short T\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e and half-life necessitating administration every six hours to ensure adequate antibiotic concentrations.   _Clostridium difficile_ associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been observed in patients using clindamycin, ranging in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis and occasionally occurring over two months following cessation of antibiotic therapy. Overgrowth of _C. difficile_ resulting from antibiotic use, along with its production of A and B toxins, contributes to morbidity and mortality in these patients. Because of the associated risks, clindamycin should be reserved for serious infections for which the use of less toxic antimicrobial agents are inappropriate.  Clindamycin is active against a number of gram-positive aerobic bacteria, as well as both gram-positive and gram-negative anaerobes. Resistance to clindamycin may develop, and is generally the result of base modification within the 23S ribosomal RNA. Cross-resistance between clindamycin and lincomycin is complete, and may also occur between clindamycin and macrolide antibiotics (e.g. [erythromycin]) due to similarities in their binding sites.  As antimicrobial susceptibility patterns are geographically distinct, local antibiograms should be consulted to ensure adequate coverage of relevant pathogens prior to use.","PubChemId":446598,"Record Description":["LiverTox|Antimicrobial|Antibacterial|Miscellaneous"],"Records":{"UNII":{"Impurities":[]}},"RefChem":"54845","RefCount":4,"RefCur":"","References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clindamycin","Name":"Clindamycin","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB01190","Name":"Clindamycin","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/446598","Name":"Clindamycin","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=18323-44-9","Name":"Clindamycin","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C06914","Name":"Clindamycin","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/3U02EL437C","Name":"Clindamycin","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID2022836","Name":"Clindamycin","Sub":false}]}],"Refs":["National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 446598, Clindamycin. Accessed February 10, 2026. \u003ca href=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/446598\u003ehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/446598\u003c/a\u003e","U.S. Food and Drug Administration; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Clindamycin. UNII: 3U02EL437C. Global Substance Registration System. Accessed February 10, 2026. \u003ca href=https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/3U02EL437C\u003ehttps://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/3U02EL437C\u003c/a\u003e","Product monograph brand safety updates. June 6, 2024. Accessed February 10, 2026. \u003ca href=https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/drug-products/drug-product-database/label-safety-assessment-update/product-monograph-brand-safety-updates.html\u003ehttps://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/drug-products/drug-product-database/label-safety-assessment-update/product-monograph-brand-safety-updates.html\u003c/a\u003e"],"SMILES":"CCC[C@@H]1C[C@H](N(C1)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O2)SC)O)O)O)[C@H](C)Cl","SaltData":[{"AcidCount":1,"Amine":"Clindamycin","AmineCount":1,"Formula":"Cl","Name":"hydrochloride","Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 118.064 145.322\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#fff\"/\u003e\u003cdesc\u003eGenerated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk)\u003c/desc\u003e\u003cg fill=\"#ff0d0d\" stroke=\"#000\" 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