{"ATC Code":"N01BX04","Abbreviation":"","Aliases":["CAPSAICINE","Qutenza","trans-Capsaicin","Styptysat","Isodecenoic acid vanillylamide","Ausanil","Mioton","FEMA No. 3404","Dolenon","Ovocap"],"Biological Half-Life":"Following oral ingestion of equipotent dose of 26.6 mg of pure capsaicin, the half life was approximately 24.9 ± 5.0 min. Following topical application of 3% solution of capsaicin, the half-life of capsaicin was approximately 24 h. The mean population elimination half-life was 1.64 h following application of a topical patch containing 179 mg of capsaicin.","Boiling Point":"210-220","CAS":"404-86-4","ChEBI":"CHEBI:3374","ChEMBL":"CHEMBL294199","ChemicalClasses":["benzylamine"],"Chirality":"achiral","Color/Form":"Pure dark red solid","Decomposition":"When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.","Dosing Info":[],"Drug Classes":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Analgesics; Catechols","Drug Indication":"The capsaicin 8% patch is indicated in the treatment of neuropathic pain associated with post-herpetic neuralgia. There are multiple topical capsaicin formulations available, including creams and solutions, indicated for temporary analgesia in muscle and join pain as well as neuropathic pain.","Drug Warnings":"A mild to moderate burning sensation is experienced following application and, in some patients, can be pronounced enough to require discontinuation of treatment.","DrugClasses":[],"EINECS":"206-969-8","Esters":["palmitate"],"European Community (EC) Number":"206-969-8","FDA Pharmacological Classification":"CAPSAICIN","Flash Point":"113 °C (235 °F) - closed cup","HMDB ID":"HMDB0002227","HeavyAtomCount":22,"Human Drugs":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Analgesics; Catechols","IUPACName":"(E)-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-8-methylnon-6-enamide","InChI":"InChI=1S/C18H27NO3/c1-14(2)8-6-4-5-7-9-18(21)19-13-15-10-11-16(20)17(12-15)22-3/h6,8,10-12,14,20H,4-5,7,9,13H2,1-3H3,(H,19,21)/b8-6+","InChIKey":"YKPUWZUDDOIDPM-SOFGYWHQSA-N","MeSH Pharmacological Classification":"Agents, usually topical, that relieve itching (pruritus). (See all compounds classified as Antipruritics.)","Melting Point":"65 °C","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e18\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e27\u003c/sub\u003eNO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e","MolecularWeight":"305.4 g/mol","Odor":"Highly volatile with a pungent odor","Pharmacodynamics":"Capsaicin is a TRPV1 receptor agonist. TRPV1 is a trans-membrane receptor-ion channel complex activated by temperatures higher than 43 degrees Celsius, pH lower than 6, and endogenous lipids. When activated by a combination of these factors, the channel can transiently open and initiate depolarization due to the influx of calcium and sodium ions. Because TRPV1 is commonly expressed in A-delta and mostly C fibers, depolarization results in action potentials which send impulses to the brain and spinal cord. These impulses result in capsaicin effects of warming, tingling, itching, stinging, or burning.  Capsaicin also causes more persistent activation of these receptors compared to the environmental agonists, resulting in a loss of response to many sensory stimuli, described as \"defunctionalization\". Capsaicin is associated with many enzymatic, cytoskeletal, and osmotic changes, as well as disruption of mitochondrial respiration, impairing nociceptor function for extended periods of time.","Physical Description":"Dark red solid with a volatile pungent odor; [HSDB] Formulated as dry powder, liquid, and liquid spray; [Reference #1] White crystalline solid; [Sigma-Aldrich MSDS]","PrevSalts":[],"PubChemId":1548943,"Record Description":["Capsaicin is a capsaicinoid. It has a role as a non-narcotic analgesic, a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker and a TRPV1 agonist.","Capsaicin is most often used as a topical analgesic and exists in many formulations of cream, liquid, and patch preparations of various strengths; however, it may also be found in some dietary supplements. Capsaicin is a naturally-occurring botanical irritant in chili peppers, synthetically derived for pharmaceutical formulations. The most recent capsaicin FDA approval was Qutenza, an 8% capsaicin patch dermal-delivery system, indicated for neuropathic pain associated with post-herpetic neuralgia.","Capsaicin has been reported in Capsicum pubescens, Capsicum annuum, and Capsicum with data available.","Capsaicin is a chili pepper extract with analgesic properties.  Capsaicin is a neuropeptide releasing agent selective for primary sensory peripheral neurons.  Used topically, capsaicin aids in controlling peripheral nerve pain.  This agent has been used experimentally to manipulate substance P and other tachykinins.  In addition, capsaicin may be useful in controlling chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced mucositis.","CAPSAICIN is a small molecule drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of IV (across all indications) that was first approved in 2009 and has 12 approved and 27 investigational indications.","Capsaicin is identified as the primary pungent principle in Capsicum fruits. Hot chili peppers that belong to the plant genus Capsicum (family Solanaceae) are among the most heavily consumed spices throughout the world. The capsaicin content of green and red peppers ranges from 0.1 to 1%. Capsaicin evokes numerous biological effects and thus has been the target of extensive., investigations since its initial identification in 1919. One of the most recognized physiological properties of capsaicin is its selective effects on the peripheral part of the sensory nervous system, particularly on the primary afferent neurons. The compound is known to deplete the neurotransmitter of painful impulses known as substance P from the sensory nerve terminals, which provides a rationale for its use as a versatile experimental tool for studying pain mechanisms and also for pharmacotherapy to treat some peripheral painful states, such as rheumatoid arthritis, post-herpetic neuralgia, post-mastectomy pain syndrome and diabetic neuropathy. Considering the frequent consumption of capsaicin as a food additive and its current therapeutic application, correct assessment of any harmful effects of this compound is important from the public health standpoint. Ingestion of large amounts of capsaicin has been reported to cause histopathological and biochemical changes, including erosion of gastric mucosa and hepatic necrosis. However, there are contradictory data on the mutagenicity of capsaicin. A recent epidemiological study conducted in Mexico revealed that consumers of chili pepper were at higher risk for gastric cancer than non-consumers. However, it remains unclear whether capsaicin present in hot chili pepper is a major causative factor in the aetiology of gastric cancer in humans. A growing number of recent studies have focused on anticarcinogenic or antimutagenic phytochemicals, particularly those included in human diet. In summary, capsaicin has dual effects on chemically induced carcinogenesis and mutagenesis. Although a minute amount of capsaicin displays few or no deleterious effects, heavy ingestion of the compound has been associated with necrosis, ulceration and even carcinogenesis. Capsaicin is considered to be metabolized by cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed-function oxidases to reactive species. (A7835).","An alkylamide found in CAPSICUM that acts at TRPV CATION CHANNELS.","See also: Capsicum Oleoresin (active moiety of); Capsicum (part of); Paprika (part of) ... View More ...","Capsaicin is a capsaicinoid. It has a role as a non-narcotic analgesic, a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker and a TRPV1 agonist."],"References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsaicin","Name":"Capsaicin","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273169","Name":"Capsaicin","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB06774","Name":"Capsaicin","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1548943","Name":"Capsaicin","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"ChEMBL","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL294199","Name":"Capsaicin","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"ChEBI","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:3374","Name":"Capsaicin","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=404-86-4","Name":"Capsaicin","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0002227","Name":"Capsaicin","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C06866","Name":"Capsaicin","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/S07O44R1ZM","Name":"Capsaicin","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID9020241","Name":"Capsaicin","Sub":false}]}],"Reported Fatal Dose":"3(?). 3= Moderately toxic: probable oral lethal dose (human) 0.5-5 g/kg, between 1 oz \u0026 1 pint (or 1 lb) for 70 kg person. /Capsicum/","SMILES":"CC(C)/C=C/CCCCC(=O)NCC1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)OC","Solubility":"Insoluble in cold water","Stability/Shelf Life":"Stable under recommended storage conditions.","StoreUNII":["S07O44R1ZM"],"StructureBase64":"<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" height="51.882mm" version="1.2" viewBox="0 0 200.055 51.882" width="200.055mm">
      
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","Taste":"Burning taste detectable in 1 part in 100,000","Therapeutic Uses":"Capsaicin appears to be effective for osteoarthritis (OA) pain but it is uncertain whether the effect has a dose response, is consistent across joints, or changes over time. Randomized controlled trials of topical capsaicin use in OA were identified from PubMed, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Knowledge. Effect on pain scores, patient global evaluation of treatment effectiveness and application site burning were assessed by standardised mean differences (SMD), using RevMan. Five double-blind randomized controlled trials and one case-crossover trial of topical capsaicin use were identified. Formulations ranged from 0.025 to 0.075%, and trial durations from 4 to 12 weeks. Trials assessed OA of the knee (n=3), hand (n=1), and a mix of joints (n=2). Capsaicin treatment efficacy (vs. placebo) for change in VAS pain score was moderate, at 0.44 (95% CI: 0.25-0.62) over 4 weeks of treatment. There was no heterogeneity between studies, indicating no between-study differences, including effect of OA site or treatment concentration. Two studies reported treatment beyond 4 weeks, with divergent results. One study reported an effect size of -9 mm after 12 weeks, and maximal between-group differences at 4 weeks. A second study reported that between-group differences increased over time, up to 20 weeks. Capsaicin was reported as being safe and well-tolerated, with no systemic toxicity. Mild application site burning affected 35-100% of capsaicin-treated patients with a risk ratio of 4.22 (95% CI: 3.25-5.48, n=5 trials); incidence peaked in week 1, with incidence rates declining over time. Topical capsaicin treatment four times daily is moderately effective in reducing pain intensity up to 20 weeks regardless of site of application and dose in patients with at least moderate pain and clinical or radiologically defined OA, and is well tolerated.","Title":"Capsaicin","UNII":"S07O44R1ZM","Wikidata":"Q273169","Wikipedia":"Capsaicin","XLogP":3.6}