{"ATC Code":["N06BA09","N - Nervous system","N06 - Psychoanaleptics","N06B - Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics","N06BA - Centrally acting sympathomimetics","N06BA09 - Atomoxetine","QN - Nervous system","QN06 - Psychoanaleptics","QN06B - Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics","QN06BA - Centrally acting sympathomimetics","QN06BA09 - Atomoxetine"],"Absorption, Distribution and Excretion":"The pharmacokinetic profile of atomoxetine is highly dependent on cytochrome P450 2D6 genetic polymorphisms of the individual. A large fraction of the population (up to 10% of Caucasians and 2% of people of African descent and 1% of Asians) are poor metabolizers (PMs) of CYP2D6 metabolized drugs. These individuals have reduced activity in this pathway resulting in 10-fold higher AUCs, 5-fold higher peak plasma concentrations, and slower elimination (plasma half-life of 21.6 hours) of atomoxetine compared with people with normal CYP2D6 activity.  Atomoxetine is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with absolute bioavailability of about 63% in extensive metabolizers (EMs) and 94% in poor metabolizers (PMs). Mean maximal plasma concentrations (Cmax) are reached approximately 1 to 2 hours after dosing with a maximal concentration of 350 ng/ml with an AUC of 2 mcg.h/ml.","Adverse Effects":"Atomoxetine has a United States (US) boxed warning for suicidal ideation in children and adolescents. An analysis of multiple short-term trials revealed increased suicidal ideation in children and adolescents treated with atomoxetine (0.4%) compared to those treated with a placebo (0%). Children and adolescents who start on atomoxetine require close monitoring for suicidal ideation and unusual changes in behavior. Clinicians should always perform a risk-benefit analysis before starting anyone on atomoxetine.","Aliases":["Atomoxetine","Tomoxetine","Tomoxetina","Tomoxetinum","Atomoxetina","methyl[(3R)-3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropyl]amine","Dtxsid9044297","Benzenepropanamine, N-methyl-γ-(2-methylphenoxy)-, (γR)-","Chebi:127342","Ad313 component atomoxetine","Ad-313 component atomoxetine","methyl((3R)-3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropyl)amine","atomoxetinum","Dtxcid7024297","N06BA09","Strattera","N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-(o-tolyloxy)propan-1-amine","A1LX4","CHEMBL641","Unii-asw034s0b8","HSDB 7352","Mfcd06804608","Tocris-2011","PST1 - Psychostimulants","Schembl34268","GTPL7118","orb1705357","Schembl29440242","(3R)-N-methyl-3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenyl-propan-1-amine","Ad109 component atomoxetine","Bdbm50366567","EBC-11211","Pdsp1_000504","Pdsp2_000502","Ad-109 component atomoxetine","Akos015961834","AC-5316","DB00289","Ncgc00025345-01","AC-25548","HY-107370","NS00000414","D07473","Ab00698501_08","En300-17832026","Brd-k20141153-001-01-6","Brd-k20141153-003-03-8","Brd-k20141153-003-12-9","Brd-k20141153-003-13-7","1027094-45-6"],"Biological Half-Life":"The reported half-life depends on the CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms of the individual and can range from 3 to 5.6 hours.","Boiling Point":"64-65 ºC at 0.760 mmHg","CAS":"83015-26-3","ChemicalClasses":["phenylpropylamine"],"Chirality":"achiral","DBI-IGS":["Atomoxetine"],"Dosing Info":[{"Method":"Oral","Tiers":{"Common":{"Entries":0,"Lower":25,"Percentage":0,"Unit":"mg","Upper":25},"Extreme":{"Entries":0,"Lower":50,"Percentage":0,"Unit":"mg","Upper":50},"Heavy":{"Entries":0,"Lower":50,"Percentage":0,"Unit":"mg","Upper":50},"Light":{"Entries":8,"Lower":25,"Percentage":66.7,"Unit":"mg","Upper":25},"Strong":{"Entries":4,"Lower":25,"Percentage":33.3,"Unit":"mg","Upper":50}}}],"Drug Classes":["Breast Feeding","Lactation","Milk, Human","Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors"],"Drug Indication":"Atomoxetine is indicated for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults.","Drug Warnings":"/BOXED WARNING/ WARNING: SUICIDAL IDEATION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS. Strattera (atomoxetine) increased the risk of suicidal ideation in short-term studies in children or adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Anyone considering the use of Strattera in a child or adolescent must balance this risk with the clinical need. Co-morbidities occurring with ADHD may be associated with an increase in the risk of suicidal ideation and/or behavior. Patients who are started on therapy should be monitored closely for suicidality (suicidal thinking and behavior), clinical worsening, or unusual changes in behavior. Families and caregivers should be advised of the need for close observation and communication with the prescriber. Strattera is approved for ADHD in pediatric and adult patients. Strattera is not approved for major depressive disorder.  Pooled analyses of short-term (6 to 18 weeks) placebo-controlled trials of Strattera in children and adolescents (a total of 12 trials involving over 2200 patients, including 11 trials in ADHD and 1 trial in enuresis) have revealed a greater risk of suicidal ideation early during treatment in those receiving Strattera compared to placebo. The average risk of suicidal ideation in patients receiving Strattera was 0.4% (5/1357 patients), compared to none in placebo-treated patients (851 patients). No suicides occurred in these trials.","DurationOfAction":"","EliminationHalfLife":"4.5 – 25 hours","Esters":[],"European Community (EC) Number":"617-427-9","FDA Pharmacological Classification":[{"Name":"FDA UNII","ReferenceNumber":21,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"ASW034S0B8"}]}},{"Name":"Active Moiety","ReferenceNumber":21,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"ATOMOXETINE"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":21,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"Markup":[{"Extra":"CID-5814","Length":14,"Start":40,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Norepinephrine"}],"String":"Established Pharmacologic Class [EPC] - Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":21,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"Markup":[{"Extra":"CID-5814","Length":14,"Start":29,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Norepinephrine"}],"String":"Mechanisms of Action [MoA] - Norepinephrine Uptake Inhibitors"}]}},{"Name":"FDA Pharmacology Summary","ReferenceNumber":21,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"Markup":[{"Extra":"CID-54841","Length":11,"Start":0,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Atomoxetine"},{"Extra":"CID-5814","Length":14,"Start":17,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Norepinephrine"},{"Extra":"CID-54841","Length":11,"Start":79,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/atomoxetine"},{"Extra":"CID-5814","Length":14,"Start":99,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Norepinephrine"}],"String":"Atomoxetine is a Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of atomoxetine is as a Norepinephrine Uptake Inhibitor."}]}},{"Name":"Non-Proprietary Name","ReferenceNumber":54,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"ATOMOXETINE"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":54,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"Markup":[{"Extra":"CID-5814","Length":14,"Start":0,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Norepinephrine"},{"Extra":"CID-5814","Length":14,"Start":41,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Norepinephrine"}],"String":"Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor [EPC]; Norepinephrine Uptake Inhibitors [MoA]"}]}}],"Formating":[],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0014434","HeavyAtomCount":19,"Human Drugs":"Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors","IUPACName":"(3R)-N-methyl-3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-amine","InChI":"InChI=1S/C17H21NO/c1-14-8-6-7-11-16(14)19-17(12-13-18-2)15-9-4-3-5-10-15/h3-11,17-18H,12-13H2,1-2H3/t17-/m1/s1","InChIKey":"VHGCDTVCOLNTBX-QGZVFWFLSA-N","Interactions":"Strattera should be administered with caution to patients being treated with systemically-administered (oral or intravenous) albuterol (or other beta2 agonists) because the action of albuterol on the cardiovascular system can be potentiated resulting in increases in heart rate and blood pressure. Albuterol (600 mcg iv over 2 hours) induced increases in heart rate and blood pressure. These effects were potentiated by atomoxetine (60 mg BID for 5 days) and were most marked after the initial coadministration of albuterol and atomoxetine. However, these effects on heart rate and blood pressure were not seen in another study after the coadministration with inhaled dose of albuterol (200-800 ug) and atomoxetine (80 mg QD for 5 days) in 21 healthy Asian subjects who were excluded for poor metabolizer status.","MeSH Headers":[{"Id":"M0124112","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0124112.html","Name":"Atomoxetine","Ref":78},{"Id":"DescTree","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":"MeSH Tree","Ref":79},{"Id":"M0028095","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0028095.html","Name":"Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors","Ref":104}],"MeSH Pharmacological Classification":[{"Id":"M0028095","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0028095.html","Name":"Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitor","Ref":104}],"Mechanism of Action":"Atomoxetine is known to be a potent and selective inhibitor of the norepinephrine transporter (NET), which prevents cellular reuptake of norepinephrine throughout the brain, which is thought to improve the symptoms of ADHD. More recently, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies in rhesus monkeys have shown that atomoxetine also binds to the serotonin transporter (SERT), and blocks the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, indicating a role for the glutamatergic system in the pathophysiology of ADHD.","Melting Point":"161-165 ºC","Metabolism/Metabolites":"Atomoxetine undergoes biotransformation primarily through the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) enzymatic pathway. People with reduced activity in the CYP2D6 pathway (also known as poor metabolizers or PMs) have higher plasma concentrations of atomoxetine compared with people with normal activity (also known as extensive metabolizers, or EMs). For PMs, the AUC of atomoxetine at steady-state is approximately 10-fold higher and Cmax is about 5-fold greater than for EMs.   The major oxidative metabolite formed regardless of CYP2D6 status is 4-hydroxy-atomoxetine, which is rapidly glucuronidated. 4-Hydroxyatomoxetine is equipotent to atomoxetine as an inhibitor of the norepinephrine transporter, but circulates in plasma at much lower concentrations (1% of atomoxetine concentration in EMs and 0.1% of atomoxetine concentration in PMs).   In individuals that lack CYP2D6 activity, 4-hydroxyatomoxetine is still the primary metabolite, but is formed by several other cytochrome P450 enzymes and at a slower rate. Another minor metabolite, N-Desmethyl-atomoxetine is formed by CYP2C19 and other cytochrome P450 enzymes, but has much less pharmacological activity than atomoxetine and lower plasma concentrations (5% of atomoxetine concentration in EMs and 45% of atomoxetine concentration in PMs).","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e17\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e21\u003c/sub\u003eNO","MolecularWeight":"255.35 g/mol","Pharmacodynamics":"Atomoxetine is a selective norepinephrine (NE) reuptake inhibitor used for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Atomoxetine has been shown to specifically increase norepinephrine and dopamine within the prefrontal cortex, which results in improved ADHD symptoms.  Due to atomoxetine's noradrenergic activity, it also has effects on the cardiovascular system such as increased blood pressure and tachycardia. Sudden deaths, stroke, and myocardial infarction have been reported in patients taking atomoxetine at usual doses for ADHD. Atomoxetine should be used with caution in patients whose underlying medical conditions could be worsened by increases in blood pressure or heart rate such as certain patients with hypertension, tachycardia, or cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease. It should not be used in patients with severe cardiac or vascular disorders whose condition would be expected to deteriorate if they experienced clinically important increases in blood pressure or heart rate. Although the role of atomoxetine in these cases is unknown, consideration should be given to not treating patients with clinically significant cardiac abnormalities. Patients who develop symptoms such as exertional chest pain, unexplained syncope, or other symptoms suggestive of cardiac disease during atomoxetine treatment should undergo a prompt cardiac evaluation.  In general, particular care should be taken in treating ADHD in patients with comorbid bipolar disorder because of concern for possible induction of a mixed/manic episode in patients at risk for bipolar disorder. Treatment emergent psychotic or manic symptoms, e.g., hallucinations, delusional thinking, or mania in children and adolescents without a prior history of psychotic illness or mania can be caused by atomoxetine at usual doses. If such symptoms occur, consideration should be given to a possible causal role of atomoxetine, and discontinuation of treatment should be considered.  Atomoxetine capsules increased the risk of suicidal ideation in short-term studies in children and adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). All pediatric patients being treated with atomoxetine  should be monitored appropriately and observed closely for clinical worsening, suicidality, and unusual changes in behavior, especially during the initial few months of a course of drug therapy, or at times of dose changes, either increases or decreases.  Postmarketing reports indicate that atomoxetine can cause severe liver injury. Although no evidence of liver injury was detected in clinical trials of about 6000 patients, there have been rare cases of clinically significant liver injury that were considered probably or possibly related to atomoxetine use in postmarketing experience. Rare cases of liver failure have also been reported, including a case that resulted in a liver transplant. Atomoxetine should be discontinued in patients with jaundice or laboratory evidence of liver injury, and should not be restarted. Laboratory testing to determine liver enzyme levels should be done upon the first symptom or sign of liver dysfunction (e.g., pruritus, dark urine, jaundice, right upper quadrant tenderness, or unexplained “flu like” symptoms).","Physical Description":"Solid","PubChemId":54841,"RefChem":"56721","RefCount":3,"RefCur":"","References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomoxetine","Name":"Atomoxetine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417240","Name":"Atomoxetine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/DB00289","Name":"Atomoxetine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/54841","Name":"Atomoxetine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=83015-26-3","Name":"Atomoxetine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0014434","Name":"Atomoxetine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D07473","Name":"Atomoxetine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/ASW034S0B8","Name":"Atomoxetine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID9044297","Name":"Atomoxetine","Sub":false}]}],"Refs":["National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 54841, Atomoxetine. Accessed April 11, 2026. \u003ca href=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/54841\u003ehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/54841\u003c/a\u003e","Anvisa. RDC Nº 816 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial. Diário Oficial da União. September 15, 2023. Accessed April 11, 2026. \u003ca href=https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-rdc-n-816-de-15-de-setembro-de-2023-510390164\u003ehttps://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-rdc-n-816-de-15-de-setembro-de-2023-510390164\u003c/a\u003e"],"SMILES":"CC1=CC=CC=C1O[C@H](CCNC)C2=CC=CC=C2","SaltData":[],"Salts":[],"Scheduling":[{"gov":"Australia","ref":[],"schedule":"S4 substance"},{"gov":"Brazil","ref":["2"],"schedule":"C1 substance"},{"gov":"Canada","ref":[],"schedule":"prescription only substance"},{"gov":"New Zealand","ref":[],"schedule":"Prescription only substance"},{"gov":"United Kingdom","ref":[],"schedule":"prescription only substance"},{"gov":"United States","ref":[],"schedule":"prescription only substance"},{"gov":"European Union","ref":[],"schedule":"prescription only substance"}],"Solubility":"White to practically white solid ... solubility of 27.8 mg/L in water. /Hydrochloride/","StereoisomerData":[],"Stereoisomers":[],"Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 94.469 78.289\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#fff\"/\u003e\u003cdesc\u003eGenerated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk)\u003c/desc\u003e\u003cg fill=\"#3050f8\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\".7\"\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M0 0h95v79H0z\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"mol\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m40.643 1.038 13.195 7.624\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m67.048 1.045-13.21 7.617M67.047 3.86l-10.77 6.211\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m67.048 1.045 13.206 7.622\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m80.252 23.907.002-15.24M77.814 22.498l.002-12.423\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m80.252 23.907-13.209 7.618\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m53.836 23.902 13.207 7.623M56.275 22.494l10.768 6.215\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m53.838 8.662-.002 15.24M53.836 23.902l-9.92 5.728\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M40.288 46.762h.7\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#ff0d0d\" d=\"M39.996 44.222h1.283M39.704 41.682h1.867M39.413 39.142h2.45M39.121 36.602h3.034\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m40.638 46.762 13.198 7.62M53.836 54.382l13.198-7.62M67.034 46.762l10.045 5.8M83.386 52.562l10.045-5.8M40.638 46.762l-13.198 7.62\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m27.44 54.382-13.204-7.628M25.002 55.79l-10.766-6.22\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m14.236 46.754-13.198 7.62\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m1.038 54.374.005 15.248M3.477 55.782l.004 12.433\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m1.043 69.622 13.203 7.629\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m14.246 77.251 13.198-7.62M14.247 74.435l10.759-6.212\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m27.44 54.382.004 15.249\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#ff0d0d\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M42.897 31.519q0 .757-.256 1.328-.256.566-.756.881t-1.244.316q-.756 0-1.262-.316-.506-.315-.756-.887-.244-.571-.244-1.333 0-.751.244-1.31.25-.566.756-.881t1.274-.316q.732 0 1.232.316.5.309.756.875.256.565.256 1.327m-3.864 0q0 .923.387 1.459.393.53 1.221.53.839 0 1.22-.53.387-.536.387-1.459 0-.928-.387-1.452-.381-.524-1.208-.524-.834 0-1.227.524t-.393 1.452\" class=\"atom\"/\u003e\u003cg stroke=\"none\" class=\"atom\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M82.173 56.832h-.72l-2.62-4.066h-.029l.029.595q.024.358.024.733v2.738h-.565v-4.899h.714l2.608 4.054h.029l-.018-.328-.023-.476q-.006-.262-.006-.482v-2.768h.577zM82.036 62.293h-.619v-2.286h-2.512v2.286h-.613v-4.899h.613v2.072h2.512v-2.072h.619z\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#ff0d0d\" d=\"m43.916 29.63 4.96-2.864\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#3050f8\" d=\"m77.079 52.562-5.023-2.9M83.386 52.562l5.023-2.9\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e","Therapeutic Uses":"Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors","Title":"Atomoxetine","Treatment":"An airway should be established. Monitoring of cardiac and vital signs is recommended, along with appropriate  symptomatic and supportive measures. Gastric lavage may be indicated if performed soon after ingestion. Activated charcoal may be useful in limiting  absorption. Because atomoxetine is highly protein-bound, dialysis is not likely to be useful in the treatment of overdose. (L1712)","UNII":"ASW034S0B8","Wikidata":"Q417240","Wikipedia":"Atomoxetine","XLogP":3.7}