{"ATC Code":["G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones","G04 - Urologicals","G04B - Urologicals","G04BE - Drugs used in erectile dysfunction","G04BE07 - Apomorphine","N - Nervous system","N04 - Anti-parkinson drugs","N04B - Dopaminergic agents","N04BC - Dopamine agonists","N04BC07 - Apomorphine","QG - Genito urinary system and sex hormones","QG04 - Urologicals","QG04B - Urologicals","QG04BE - Drugs used in erectile dysfunction","QG04BE07 - Apomorphine","QN - Nervous system","QN04 - Anti-parkinson drugs","QN04B - Dopaminergic agents","QN04BC - Dopamine agonists","QN04BC07 - Apomorphine","QV - Various","QV03 - All other therapeutic products","QV03A - All other therapeutic products","QV03AB - Antidotes","QV03AB95 - Apomorphine"],"Absorption, Distribution and Excretion":"Apomorphine has a plasma Tmax of 10-20 minutes and a cerebrospinal fluid Tmax. The Cmax and AUC of apomorphine vary significantly between patients, with 5- to 10-fold differences being reported.","Aliases":["Apomorfin","Apomorphin","Ixense","R-(-)-Apomorphine","6aβ-Aporphine-10,11-diol","Apomorphinum","10,11-Dihydroxyaporphine","VR-040","Dtxsid8022614","VR040","4H-Dibenzo(de,g)quinoline-10,11-diol, 5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-6-methyl-, (R)-","Dtxcid302614","Chebi:48538","5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-6-methyl-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-10,11-diol","(9R)-10-methyl-10-azatetracyclo[7.7.1.0^{2,7}.0^{13,17}]heptadeca-1(17),2,4,6,13,15-hexaene-3,4-diol","(6aR)-6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo(de,g)quinoline-10,11-diol","5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-6-methyl-4H-dibenzo(de,g)quinoline-10,11-diol","(9R)-10-methyl-10-azatetracyclo(7.7.1.0^(2,7).0^(13,17))heptadeca-1(16),2(7),3,5,13(17),14-hexaene-3,4-diol","(9R)-10-methyl-10-azatetracyclo(7.7.1.0^(2,7).0^(13,17))heptadeca-1(17),2,4,6,13,15-hexaene-3,4-diol","(9R)-10-methyl-10-azatetracyclo[7.7.1.0^{2,7}.0^{13,17}]heptadeca-1(16),2(7),3,5,13(17),14-hexaene-3,4-diol","Apomorphin Teclapharm","(9R)-10-methyl-10-azatetracyclo(7.7.1.02,7.013,17)heptadeca-1(16),2(7),3,5,13(17),14-hexaene-3,4-diol","200-360-0","(-)-Apomorphine","CHEMBL53","APL-130277","Apormorphine","(6aR)-5,6,6a,7-Tetrahydro-6-methyl-4H-dibenzo(de,g)chinolin-10,11-diol","6aβ-aporphine-10,11-diol","Ncgc00025349-02","Uprima","(R)?-?(-?)?-?Apomorphine","Cas-58-00-4","Apomorphine free base","6a-β-Aporphine-10,11-diol","HSDB 3289","Einecs 200-360-0","Unii-n21far7b4s","VR004","OR9","VR-400","Tocris-2073","Prestwick0_000101","Prestwick1_000101","Prestwick2_000101","Prestwick3_000101","Kynmobi","Biomol-NT_000019","GTPL33","Schembl8541","BSPBio_000082","SPBio_002021","BPBio1_000092","BPBio1_001179","Schembl29358024","Schembl29414090","BDBM29644","cid_6852399","(6Ar)-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-6-methyl-4h-dibenzo(de,g)quinoline-10,11-diol","HMS2089C10","NH001","Tox21_110967","Bdbm50001955","EBC-26379","Pdsp1_000780","Pdsp2_001488","Akos040740360","Tox21_110967_1","DB00714","FA44559","Smp1_000027","Ncgc00025349-01","Ncgc00025349-03","Ncgc00025349-04","Ncgc00025349-05","DA-50067","CS-0012299","D07460","G91374","A727500","Ae-641/11399027","En300-18161186","Brd-k76022557-001-01-3","Brd-k76022557-001-03-9","Brd-k76022557-003-02-7","Brd-k76022557-311-20-6","6-Methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-10,11-diol","Onapgo","(-)6-Methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-10,11-diol(APO)","(Apomorphine) 6-Methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-10,11-diol","(apomorphine)6-Methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-10,11-diol","6-Methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-10,11-diol ((R)-apomorphine)","6-Methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-10,11-diol(apomorphine)","6-Methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-10,11-diol((R)-apomorphine)","APOMORPHINE6-Methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-10,11-diol"],"Biological Half-Life":"The terminal elimination half life of a 15mg sublingual dose of apomorphine is 1.7h, while the terminal elimination half life of an intravenous dose is 50 minutes.","CAS":"58-00-4","Chemical Classes":"Alkaloids","ChemicalClasses":["1,2-diarylethylamine"],"Chirality":"absolute","Color/Form":"Hexagonal plates from chloroform+petroleum ether; rods from ether","Decomposition":"When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of nitroxides.","Drug Classes":["Breastfeeding","Lactation","Milk, Human","Antiparkinson Agents","Dopamine Agents","Dopamine Agonists","Emetics","Gastrointestinal Agents"],"Drug Indication":"Apomorphine is indicated to treat acute, intermittent treatment of hypomobility, off episodes associated with advanced Parkinson's disease.","Drug Warnings":"Retinal degeneration has been observed in albino rats given dopamine agonists for prolonged periods (generally during 2-year carcinogenicity studies) and in rats exposed to high-intensity light given these agents for shorter periods; however, retinal degeneration was not observed in a 2-year carcinogenicity study in albino mice or in rats or monkeys given these agents for 1 year. Apomorphine has not been evaluated in carcinogenicity studies; however, apomorphine is expected to cause similar ocular effects in animals. Although the clinical importance of these findings has not been established, the presumed mechanism of action of the effect may be applicable to all vertebrates (e.g., disk shedding).","DurationOfAction":"60 – 90 min","EliminationHalfLife":"40 minutes","Erowid Experience Reports":[],"Esters":[],"European Community (EC) Number":"200-360-0","FDA Pharmacological Classification":[{"Name":"FDA UNII","ReferenceNumber":21,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"N21FAR7B4S"}]}},{"Name":"Active Moiety","ReferenceNumber":21,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"APOMORPHINE"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":21,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"Markup":[{"Extra":"CID-681","Length":8,"Start":29,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Dopamine"}],"String":"Mechanisms of Action [MoA] - Dopamine Agonists"}]}},{"Name":"Pharmacological Classes","ReferenceNumber":21,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"String":"Established Pharmacologic Class [EPC] - Dopaminergic Agonist"}]}},{"Name":"FDA Pharmacology Summary","ReferenceNumber":21,"Value":{"StringWithMarkup":[{"Markup":[{"Extra":"CID-2215","Length":11,"Start":0,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Apomorphine"},{"Extra":"CID-2215","Length":11,"Start":66,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/apomorphine"},{"Extra":"CID-681","Length":8,"Start":86,"Type":"PubChem Internal Link","URL":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Dopamine"}],"String":"Apomorphine is a Dopaminergic Agonist. The mechanism of action of apomorphine is as a Dopamine Agonist."}]}}],"Formating":[],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0014852","HeavyAtomCount":20,"Human Drugs":"Breastfeeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Antiparkinson Agents; Dopamine Agents; Dopamine Agonists; Emetics; Gastrointestinal Agents","IUPACName":"(6aR)-6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-10,11-diol","Impurities":"(6aR)-10-methoxy-6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-11-ol (apocodeine); morphine","InChI":"InChI=1S/C17H17NO2/c1-18-8-7-10-3-2-4-12-15(10)13(18)9-11-5-6-14(19)17(20)16(11)12/h2-6,13,19-20H,7-9H2,1H3/t13-/m1/s1","InChIKey":"VMWNQDUVQKEIOC-CYBMUJFWSA-N","Interactions":"Based on reports of profound hypotension and loss of consciousness when apomorphine was administered with ondansetron, the concomitant use of apomorphine with drugs of the 5HT3 antagonist class (including, for example, ondansetron, granisetron , dolasetron, palonosetron, and alosetron) is contraindicated.","KEGG Entries":[{"Id":"D02004","Interactions":[],"Synonyms":["Apomorphine hydrochloride","Apomorphine hydrochloride hydrate","Apokyn","Ixense","Uprima"]},{"Id":"D07460","Interactions":[],"Synonyms":["Apomorphine","Uprima"]},{"Id":"D02004","Interactions":[],"Synonyms":["Apomorphine hydrochloride","Apomorphine hydrochloride hydrate","Apokyn","Ixense","Uprima"]},{"Id":"D07460","Interactions":[],"Synonyms":["Apomorphine","Uprima"]},{"Id":"D02004","Interactions":[],"Synonyms":["Apomorphine hydrochloride","Apomorphine hydrochloride hydrate","Apokyn","Ixense","Uprima"]}],"MeSH Headers":[{"Id":"M0001603","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0001603.html","Name":"Apomorphine","Ref":99},{"Id":"DescTree","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":"MeSH Tree","Ref":101},{"Id":"PubMed from MeSH","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":null,"Ref":125},{"Id":"M0007280","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0007280.html","Name":"Emetics","Ref":126},{"Id":"M0027733","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0027733.html","Name":"Dopamine Agonists","Ref":127}],"MeSH Pharmacological Classification":[{"Id":"M0007280","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0007280.html","Name":"Emetic","Ref":126},{"Id":"M0027733","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0027733.html","Name":"Dopamine Agonist","Ref":127}],"Mechanism of Action":"Apomorphine is a non-ergoline dopamine agonist with high binding affinity to dopamine D2, D3, and D5 receptors. Stimulation of D2 receptors in the caudate-putamen, a region of the brain responsible for locomotor control, may be responsible for apomorphine's action. However, the means by which the cellular effects of apomorphine treat hypomobility of Parkinson's remain unknown.","Melting Point":"195 °C","Metabolism/Metabolites":"Apomorphine is N-demethylated by CYP2B6, 2C8, 3A4, and 3A5. It can be glucuronidated by various UGTs, or sulfated by SULTs 1A1, 1A2, 1A3, 1E1, and 1B1. Approximately 60% of sublingual apomorphine is eliminated as a sulfate conjugate, though the structure of these sulfate conjugates are not readily available. The remainder of an apomorphine dose is eliminated as apomorphine glucuronide and norapomorphine glucuronide. Only 0.3% of subcutaneous apomorphine is recovered as the unchanged parent drug.","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e17\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e17\u003c/sub\u003eNO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e","MolecularWeight":"267.32 g/mol","Non-Human Toxicity Values":"LD50 Mouse oral 300 mg/kg","Opticalactivity":"( - )","Pharmacodynamics":"Apomorphine is a dopaminergic agonist that may stimulate regions of the brain involved in motor control. It has a short duration of action and a wide therapeutic index as large overdoses are necessary for significant toxicity. Patients should be counselled regarding the risk of nausea, vomiting, daytime somnolence, hypotension, oral mucosal irritation, falls, hallucinations, psychotic-like behaviour, impulsive behaviour, withdrawal hyperpyrexia, and prolongation of the QT interval.  Given the incidence of nausea and vomiting in patients taking apomorphine, treatment with [trimethobenzamide] may be recommended prior to or during therapy. Antiemetic pretreatment may be started three days prior to beginning therapy with apomorphine - it should only be continued as long as is necessary and generally for no longer than two months.","Physical Description":"Solid","PubChemId":6005,"Record Description":["LiverTox|CNS|Parkinsons agent|Dopamine agonist"],"Records":{"UNII":{"Impurities":[]}},"RefChem":"56684","RefCount":4,"RefCur":"","References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apomorphine","Name":"Apomorphine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269111","Name":"Apomorphine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/DB00714","Name":"Apomorphine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6005","Name":"Apomorphine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=58-00-4","Name":"Apomorphine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0014852","Name":"Apomorphine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D07460","Name":"Apomorphine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/N21FAR7B4S","Name":"Apomorphine","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID8022614","Name":"Apomorphine","Sub":false}]}],"Refs":["National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 6005, apomorphine. Accessed May 6, 2026. \u003ca href=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6005\u003ehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6005\u003c/a\u003e","U.S. Food and Drug Administration; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Apomorphine. UNII: N21FAR7B4S. Global Substance Registration System. Accessed May 6, 2026. \u003ca href=https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/N21FAR7B4S\u003ehttps://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/N21FAR7B4S\u003c/a\u003e","Movapo Pod (Stada Pharmaceuticals Australia Pty Ltd). September 13, 2024. Accessed May 6, 2026. \u003ca href=https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/prescription-medicines-registrations/movapo-pod-stada-pharmaceuticals-australia-pty-ltd\u003ehttps://www.tga.gov.au/resources/prescription-medicines-registrations/movapo-pod-stada-pharmaceuticals-australia-pty-ltd\u003c/a\u003e"],"SMILES":"CN1CCC2=C3[C@H]1CC4=C(C3=CC=C2)C(=C(C=C4)O)O","SaltData":[{"AcidCount":2,"Amine":"Diapomorphine","AmineCount":2,"Formula":"Cl","Name":"dihydrochloride","RName":"hydrochloride","Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 153.422 74.999\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#fff\"/\u003e\u003cdesc\u003eGenerated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk)\u003c/desc\u003e\u003cg fill=\"#1ff01f\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\".7\"\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M0 0h154v75H0z\"/\u003e\u003cg 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substance"},{"gov":"Canada","ref":[],"schedule":"prescription only substance"},{"gov":"United Kingdom","ref":[],"schedule":"prescription only substance"},{"gov":"United States","ref":[],"schedule":"prescription only substance"}],"Solubility":"MINUTE, WHITE OR GRAYISH WHITE, GLISTENING CRYSTALS OR WHITE POWDER; ODORLESS; SOLN ARE NEUTRAL TO LITMUS; LEVOROTATORY IN DIL ACID; 1 G SOL IN 50 ML WATER, IN ABOUT 50 ML ALCOHOL, \u0026 IN ABOUT 20 ML WATER @ 80 °C; PPT BY TANNIC ACID \u0026 OTHER ALKALOIDAL PRECIPITANTS \u0026 DECOMP BY OXIDIZING AGENTS. /HCL/","Stability/Shelf Life":"The drug is unstable in solution and must be prepared just prior to use ...","StereoisomerData":[],"Stereoisomers":[],"Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 100.559 70.528\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#fff\"/\u003e\u003cdesc\u003eGenerated by the Chemistry Development Kit 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