{"Abbreviation":[],"Absorption, Distribution and Excretion":"/The objective was/ to study the permeability of intact mouse abdominal skin to aniline and the protective capability of two typical lab gloves against aniline. A Franz diffusion cell was used to perform in vitro transdermal absorption test and glove permeation test for aniline (0.102 mg/mL and 0.010 mg/mL). The permeabilities of intact mouse abdominal skin and gloves to aniline were measured by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection. The transdermal penetration of the two concentrations of aniline followed zero order kinetics within 12 hr, exhibiting total aniline permeabilities within 24 hr of 51.71% and 48.31%, respectively. The absorption liquid had an aniline concentration of at least 18 ug/L. The medical disposable latex glove could not stop the penetration of 0.010 mg/mL aniline, but the industrial natural latex glove could. The penetration of 0.102 mg/mL and 0.010 mg/mL aniline through the mouse abdominal skin follows zero order kinetics within 12 hr. The medical disposable latex glove cannot stop the penetration of 0.010 mg/mL aniline, but the industrial natural latex glove can.","Adverse Effects":"Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as  primary toxic effect.","Aliases":["Aniline","Benzenamine","62-53-3","Phenylamine","Aminobenzene","Aminophen","Arylamine","Kyanol","Cyanol","Anilin","Krystallin","Benzidam","Anyvim","Benzeneamine","Anilina","Benzene, amino","Huile D'aniline","C.I. Oxidation Base 1","Rcra waste number U012","CI Oxidation Base 1","Anilinum","C.I. 76000","HSDB 43","NCI-C03736","SIR7XX2F1K","EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 251400","CI 76000","Dtxsid8020090","Chebi:17296","DTXCID9090","200-539-3","Mfcd00007629","Phenyleneamine","Aniline reagent","Aniline-n,n-d2","UN 1547","Aniline-1-13C","Caswell No. 051C","62-53-3(methanol)","Huile d'aniline","D'aniline","RCRA waste no. U012","CCRIS 44","136260-71-4","Aniline and homologs","Aniline and homologues","Einecs 200-539-3","Unii-sir7xx2f1k","UN1547","cyanole","Bidd:er0581","phenyl amine","phenyl-amine","AI3-03053","Aniline solution","8-aniline","Benzene, amino-","Aniline in methanol","Fentanyl impurity F","PhNH2","Aniline, ACS  Grade","Mesalazine EP Impurity K","CHEMBL538","Epitope ID:117704","Ec 200-539-3","Schembl5207","Aniline, analytical standard","Aniline, AR, \u003e=99%","Aniline, LR, \u003e=99%","Schembl11803","Schembl20581","Schembl22106","Schembl41824","C6H5NH2","Schembl128217","Schembl464981","Discontinued, see H924510","Schembl1227384","Schembl1681945","Schembl2922010","Schembl3050204","Schembl4537658","Schembl4622218","Schembl7573764","Schembl9231132","Schembl9771553","Aniline, 99.5%, ACS grade","BDBM92572","Trimethoprim specified impurity K","Aniline, ReagentPlus(R), 99%","Benzene,amino ","MSK1225","Aniline [UN1547] ","BAA12259","STR00216","Aniline, ACS reagent, \u003e=99.5%","Tox21_200345","Aniline 10 microg/mL in Cyclohexane","EBC-47536","STK301792","Akos000268796","Aniline 100 microg/mL in Cyclohexane","DB06728","FA07686","Aniline, ASTM, ACS reagent, 99.5%","Aniline, SAJ first grade, \u003e=99.0%","Cas-62-53-3","Aniline, JIS special grade, \u003e=99.0%","Aniline, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%","Ncgc00091297-01","Ncgc00091297-02","Ncgc00091297-03","Ncgc00257899-01","BP-12047","Fentanyl impurity f","Aniline, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard","DB-013441","Mesalazine impurity k","A0463","NS00010656","Trimethoprim impurity k","En300-33390","C00292","Sbi-0653858.0001","A833829","Aminobenzoic acid impurity c","F044723","F989025","Q186414","Sr-01000944923","Sr-01000944923-1","Q27121173","F2190-0417","InChI=1/C6H7N/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5H,7H","Aniline, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard","Aniline; Mesalazine EP Impurity K; Sodium Cyclamate EP Impurity B; Trimethoprim EP Impurity K"],"Associated Disorders and Diseases":"Methemoglobinemia, acute [Category: Acute Poisoning]","Biological Half-Life":"Whole body: 4 hours; [TDR, p. 100]","Boiling Point":"363 to 367 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)","CAS":"62-53-3","Chemical Classes":"Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)","ChemicalClasses":["aniline"],"Chirality":"achiral","Color/Form":"Oily liquid; colorless when freshly distilled, darkens on exposure to air and light","Decomposition":"Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions - Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides (NOx).","Density":"1.022 at 68 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink g/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e","Ecotoxicity Values":"LC50; Species: Ambystoma mexicanum (Mexican axolotl) 3-4 weeks after hatching; Concentration: 440 mg/L for 48 hr  /Conditions of bioassay not specified/","Esters":[],"European Community (EC) Number":"200-539-3","Flash Point":"158 °F (EPA, 1998)","Formating":[],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0003012","HeavyAtomCount":7,"IUPACName":"aniline","InChI":"InChI=1S/C6H7N/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5H,7H2","InChIKey":"PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N","Interactions":"Present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of protocatechuic acid alone and in combination with ascorbic acid in aniline hydrochloride induced spleen toxicity in rats. Male Wistar rats of either sex (200-250 g) were used and divided into different groups. Spleen toxicity was induced by aniline hydrochloride (100 ppm) in drinking water for a period of 28 days. Treatment group received protocatechuic acid (40 mg/kg/day, p.o.), ascorbic acid (40 mg/kg/day, p.o.), and combination of protocatechuic acid (20 mg/kg/day, p.o.) and ascorbic acid (20 mg/kg/day, p.o.) followed by aniline hydrochloride. At the end of treatment period serum and tissue parameters were evaluated. Rats supplemented with aniline hydrochloride showed a significant alteration in body weight, spleen weight, feed consumption, water intake, hematological parameters (hemoglobin content, red blood cells, white blood cells, and total iron content), tissue parameters (lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, and nitric oxide content), and membrane bound phosphatase (ATPase) compared to control group. Histopathology of aniline hydrochloride induced spleen showed significant damage compared to control rats. Treatment with protocatechuic acid along with ascorbic acid showed better protection as compared to protocatechuic acid or ascorbic acid alone in aniline hydrochloride induced spleen toxicity. Treatment with protocatechuic acid and ascorbic acid in combination showed significant protection in aniline hydrochloride induced splenic toxicity in rats. /Aniline hydrochloride/","MeSH Headers":[{"Id":"M0081119","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0081119.html","Name":"aniline","Ref":178},{"Id":"DescTree","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":"MeSH Tree","Ref":180},{"Id":"PubMed from MeSH","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":null,"Ref":200},{"Id":"M0003416","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0003416.html","Name":"Carcinogens","Ref":201}],"MeSH Pharmacological Classification":[{"Id":"M0003416","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0003416.html","Name":"Carcinogen","Ref":201}],"Mechanism of Action":"Aniline exposure is associated with toxicity to the spleen leading to splenomegaly, hyperplasia, fibrosis and a variety of sarcomas of the spleen on chronic exposure. In earlier studies, we have shown that aniline exposure leads to iron overload, oxidative stress and activation of redox-sensitive transcription factors, which could regulate various genes leading to a tumorigenic response in the spleen. However, molecular mechanisms leading to aniline-induced cellular proliferation in the spleen remain largely unknown. This study was, therefore, undertaken on the regulation of G1 phase cell cycle proteins (cyclins), expression of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (pRB) and cell proliferation in the spleen, in an experimental condition preceding a tumorigenic response. Male SD rats were treated with aniline (0.5 mmol/kg/day via drinking water) for 30 days (controls received drinking water only), and splenocyte proliferation, protein expression of G1 phase cyclins, CDKs and pRB were measured. Aniline treatment resulted in significant increases in splenocyte proliferation, based on cell counts, cell proliferation markers including proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), nuclear Ki67 protein (Ki67) and minichromosome maintenance (MCM), MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis. Western blot analysis of splenocyte proteins from aniline-treated rats showed significantly increased expression of cyclins D1, D2, D3 and E, as compared to the controls. Similarly, real-time PCR analysis showed significantly increased mRNA expression for cyclins D1, D2, D3 and E in the spleens of aniline-treated rats. The overexpression of these cyclins was associated with increases in the expression of CDK4, CDK6, CDK2 as well as phosphorylation of pRB protein. Our data suggest that increased expression of cyclins, CDKs and phosphorylation of pRB protein could be critical in cell proliferation, and may contribute to aniline-induced tumorigenic response in the spleen.","Melting Point":"21 °","Metabolism/Metabolites":"Aniline is an important source material in the chemical industry (e.g., rubber, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals). The general population is known to be ubiquitously exposed to aniline. Thus, assessment of aniline exposure is of both occupational and environmental relevance. Knowledge on human metabolism of aniline is scarce. We orally dosed four healthy male volunteers (two fast and two slow acetylators) with 5 mg isotope-labeled aniline, consecutively collected all urine samples over a period of 2 days, and investigated the renal excretion of aniline and its metabolites by LS-MS/MS and GC-MS. After enzymatic hydrolysis of glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, N-acetyl-4-aminophenol was the predominant urinary aniline metabolite representing 55.7-68.9% of the oral dose, followed by the mercapturic acid conjugate of N-acetyl-4-aminophenol accounting for 2.5-6.1%. Acetanilide and free aniline were found only in minor amounts accounting for 0.14-0.36% of the dose. Overall, these four biomarkers excreted in urine over 48 hr post-dose represented 62.4-72.1% of the oral aniline dose. Elimination half-times were 3.4-4.3 hr for N-acetyl-4-aminophenol, 4.1-5.5 hr for the mercapturic acid conjugate, and 1.3-1.6 and 0.6-1.2 hr for acetanilide and free aniline, respectively. Urinary maximum concentrations of N-acetyl-4-aminophenol were reached after about 4 hr and maximum concentrations of the mercapturic acid conjugate after about 6 hr, whereas concentrations of acetanilide and free aniline peaked after about 1 hr. The present study is one of the first to provide reliable urinary excretion factors for aniline and its metabolites in humans after oral dosage, including data on the predominant urinary metabolite N-acetyl-4-aminophenol, also known as an analgesic under the name paracetamol/acetaminophen.","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003eN","MolecularWeight":"93.13 g/mol","Non-Human Toxicity Values":"LD50 Rat oral 250 mg/kg","Odor":"Hedonic tone; pungent","Physical Description":"Aniline appears as a yellowish to brownish oily liquid with a musty fishy odor. Melting point -6 °C; boiling point 184 °C; flash point 158 °F. Denser than water (8.5 lb / gal) and slightly soluble in water. Vapors heavier than air. Toxic by skin absorption and inhalation. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Used to manufacture other chemicals, especially dyes, photographic chemicals, agricultural chemicals and others.","PubChemId":6115,"Records":{"UNII":{"Impurities":[]}},"RefChem":"6616","RefCount":3,"RefCur":"","References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aniline","Name":"Aniline","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186414","Name":"Aniline","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/DB06728","Name":"Aniline","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6115","Name":"Aniline","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=62-53-3","Name":"Aniline","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0003012","Name":"Aniline","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C00292","Name":"Aniline","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/SIR7XX2F1K","Name":"Aniline","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID8020090","Name":"Aniline","Sub":false}]}],"Refs":["National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 6115, Aniline. Accessed March 5, 2026. \u003ca href=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6115\u003ehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6115\u003c/a\u003e","U.S. Food and Drug Administration; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Aniline. UNII: SIR7XX2F1K. Global Substance Registration System. Accessed March 5, 2026. \u003ca href=https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/SIR7XX2F1K\u003ehttps://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/SIR7XX2F1K\u003c/a\u003e"],"SMILES":"C1=CC=C(C=C1)N","SaltData":[{"AcidCount":1,"Amine":"Aniline","AmineCount":1,"Formula":"Cl","Name":"hydrochloride","Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 72.836 34.519\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#fff\"/\u003e\u003cdesc\u003eGenerated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk)\u003c/desc\u003e\u003cg fill=\"#3050f8\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\".7\"\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M0 0h73v35H0z\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"mol\"\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m1.043 25.857 13.196 7.624M3.481 24.449l10.758 6.216\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m14.239 33.481 13.191-7.616\" 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