{"Absorption, Distribution and Excretion":"Ammonia can be absorbed via oral or inhalation route. Inhales ammonia is temporarily dissolved in the mucus of the upper respiratory tract, however the majority of the gas is released back into the air via expiration. In healthy male subjects under exposure to 500 ppm ammonia for 10-27 minutes, about 70-80% of total inspired ammonia was expired. In extrahepatic tissues such as the intestine, ammonia is incorporated into nontoxic glutamine and released into blood, where it is transported to the liver for ureagenesis.","Adverse Effects":"Chronic Bronchitis - Chronic bronchitis is persistent coughing and production of phlegm for at least 3 months out of the year for at least two successive years. (American Thoracic Society).","Aliases":["Ammonia gas","Nitro-sil","Ammonia anhydrous","Ammonia, anhydrous","Anhydrous ammonia","Ammoniak","Liquid Ammonia","AM-Fol","ammoniac","Aqueous ammonia","Refrigerent R717","amoniaco","Ammoniaca","Amoniak","R 717","Aqua ammonia","Ammonia inhalant","Ammonium causticum","Dtxsid0023872","Chebi:16134","Inhalant","Smelling Salts","Smelling Salt","Ammonia Pad","Ammonia Inhalants","AmmoniaSport RAW","Ammonia 2%","VYV Smelling Salts","WXMX Smelling Salts","Summit Smelling Salts","AmmoniaSport SQUEEZE","GO TIME","ANTYZE Smelling Salts","Shock-X Ammonia Inhalant","Bighero SMELLING SALTS","Gluvelop SMELLING SALTS","Ammonia 15% Smelling Salts","Botasun smelling salts","Humco Aromatic Ammonia Spirit","Sylvirene smelling salts","Dtxcid803872","Chebi:35107","First Aid Only Ammonia Inhalants","Quality Choice Aromatic Ammonia Spirit","Allbiz sealed oni smelling salts","CVS Health First Aid Outdoor Prep-Pack","R717","Physician EZ Use Joint Tunnel and Trigger Kit","Model AA-1218 Model AA-1218M Model Z-25-020-03","231-635-3","913-720-3","921-643-1","Model MT2020-777 Model S6-01-0005-306 Model 011798 Model 011798-1494 Model 70004-00","Ammoniakgas","Ammoniak Kconzentrierter","Ammoniac","Caswell No. 041","CCRIS 2278","HSDB 162","NH3","UN1005","EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 005302","Ammonia, 7M in methanol","Mfcd00011418","Ammonia; Ammonia solution concentrated","NH3 as N: 1000microg/mL in H20","Ammonia Standard: NH3 @ 10 microg/mL in H2O","Ammonia Standard: NH3 @ 100 microg/mL in H2O","Ammonia Standard: NH3 @ 1000 microg/mL in H2O","Ammonia Standard: NH3 @ 10000 microg/mL in H2O","Einecs 231-635-3","an arylamine","tertiaeres Amin","ammonia ca","Ammonia liquor","primaeres Amin","Ammonia,aromatic","sekundaeres Amin","primary arylamine","Unii-5138q19f1x","anyhydrous ammonia","CONTEST Group D","10 - Nutrients","Ammonia, dilute R1","Ammonia, dilute R2","37 - Ammonia","Ammonia 4% in ethanol","Ammonia 7M in Methanol","S18 - MCerts","60 - MCerts","Ammonia water","Aromatic ammonia vaporole","CONTEST Group B Full","SCHEMBL20","InChI=1/H3N/h1H","Ammonia, 2M in methanol","Ammonia, 4M in methanol","Dowex(R) 66 free base","R-717","CONTEST Group B Reduced","Aromatic Ammonia, Vaporole","Ec 231-635-3","Schembl1061","Schembl1292","Schembl3129","82168-61-4","Ammonia anhydrous, 99.98%","INS NO.527","N H3","Chembl1160819","Chebi:50471","Dtxsid80420101","INS-527","Iyqdunkkqcfkjg-uhfffaoysa-n","Mdffneoewaxzrq-uhfffaoysa-n","Ucpkofqhnmrorr-uhfffaoysa-n","Ufnykijqjnnvks-uhfffaoysa-n","Xbpjhbiossfgcu-uhfffaoysa-n","Zbeyhispvkplhp-uhfffaoysa-n","[NH3]","Ammonia solution 0.4M in dioxane","NH(3)","Ammonia, anhydrous, \u003e=99.98%","Mfcd17018871","Akos015916403","Ammonia anhydrous 170g Lecture bottle","Ammonia solution 1.0 M in isopropanol","17D - Ammonia, Phosphate and Nitrogen","SY287544","02H - Nutrients and Others - Hard Water","02S - Nutrients and Others - Soft Water","Ammonia, puriss., anhydrous, \u003e=99.95%","A1884","A2038","A2236","A2237","E-527","NS00013356","ammonia solution (10% w/v NH3)- can be made","C00014","D02916","Ammonia,","Dowex(R) Marathon(TM) WBA free base, free base","F051227","Q4832241","Q6004010","Q27110025","2HP - Nutrients and Others in hard, potable (treated) water","2SP - Nutrients and Others in soft, potable (treated) water","Ammonia, 0.5M in THF, packaged in resealable ChemSeal bottles","Reagecon Ammonia Test Solution according to Japanese Pharmacopoeia","Ammonia, 7M in methanol, packaged under argon in resealable ChemSeal bottles","8007-57-6","StratoSpheres(TM) PL-AMS resin, 100-200 mesh, extent of labeling: ~1.0 mmol/g loading, 1 % cross-linked with divinylbenzene","StratoSpheres(TM) PL-AMS resin, 100-200 mesh, extent of labeling: 2.0 mmol/g loading, 1 % cross-linked","StratoSpheres(TM) PL-AMS resin, 30-40 mesh, extent of labeling: 2.0 mmol/g loading, 1 % cross-linked","StratoSpheres(TM) PL-AMS resin, 50-100 mesh, extent of labeling: 2.0 mmol/g loading, 1 % cross-linked"],"Associated Disorders and Diseases":"Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive [Category: Airway Disease]","Biological Half-Life":"In normal rat brain, blood-derived ammonia was rapidly converted to glutamine, indicating very short half-life of less than 3 seconds.","Boiling Point":"-28.03 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)","CAS":"7664-41-7","Chemical Classes":"Toxic Gases \u0026 Vapors -\u003e Corrosive Gases","ChemicalClasses":[],"Chirality":"achiral","Color/Form":"Colorless gas","Decomposition":"Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions. - Nitrogen oxides (NOx)","Density":"0.6818 at -28.03 °F (EPA, 1998) - Less dense than water; will float g/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e","Drug Indication":"- Indicated for use as a smelling salt to treat or prevent fainting.  - (when radiolabelled) Indicated for diagnostic PET imaging of the myocardium under rest or pharmacologic stress conditions to evaluate myocardial perfusion in patients with suspected or existing coronary artery disease.","Drug Warnings":"Caution: Irritating to skin and mucous membranes. /Ammonia water-10%/","Ecotoxicity Values":"LC50; Species: Campostoma anomalum (stoneroller); Concentration: 1.72 mg/L for 96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/","Erowid Experience Reports":[],"Esters":[],"European Community (EC) Number":"231-635-3","Flash Point":"132 °C (270 °F) - closed cup","Formating":[],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0000051","Health Effects":"Acute exposure to high levels of ammonia in air may be irritating to skin, eyes, throat, and lungs and cause coughing and burns. Lung damage and death may occur after exposure to very high concentrations of ammonia. Swallowing concentrated solutions of ammonia can cause burns in mouth, throat, and stomach. Splashing ammonia into eyes can cause burns and even blindness. (L958)\n\nChronically high levels of ammonia in the blood are associated with nearly 20 different inborn errors of metabolism including: 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase Deficiency, Argininemia, Argininosuccinic Aciduria, Beta-Ketothiolase Deficiency, Biotinidase deficiency, Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase Deficiency, Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, Citrullinemia Type I, Hyperinsulinism-Hyperammonemia Syndrome, Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria syndrome, Isovaleric Aciduria, Lysinuric Protein Intolerance, Malonic Aciduria, Methylmalonic Aciduria, Methylmalonic Aciduria Due to Cobalamin-Related Disorders, Propionic acidemia, Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency and Short Chain Acyl CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (SCAD Deficiency). Hyperammonemia is one of the metabolic derangements that contribute to hepatic encephalopathy.","HeavyAtomCount":1,"IUPACName":"azane","InChI":"InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3","InChIKey":"QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N","Interactions":"The present study investigated the simultaneous influence of particulate matter (PM10) and ammonia (NH3) on performance, lung lesions and the presence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) in finishing pigs. A pig herd experiencing clinical problems of M. hyopneumoniae infections was selected. In total, 1095 finishing pigs of two replicates in eight compartments each were investigated during the entire finishing period (FP). Indoor PM10 and NH3 were measured at regular intervals during the FP with two Grimm spectrometers and two Graywolf Particle Counters (PM10) and an Innova photoacoustic gas monitor (NH3). Average daily weight gain (ADG) and mortality were calculated and associated with PM10 and NH3 during the FP. Nasal swabs (10 pigs/compartment) were collected one week prior to slaughter to detect DNA of M. hyopneumoniae with nested PCR (nPCR). The prevalence and extent of pneumonia lesions, and prevalence of fissures and pleurisy were examined at slaughter (29 weeks). The results from the nasal swabs and lung lesions were associated with PM10 and NH3 during the FP and the second half of the FP. In the univariable model, increasing PM10 concentrations resulted in a higher odds of pneumonia lesions (second half of the FP: OR=8.72; P=0.015), more severe pneumonia lesions (FP: P=0.04, second half of the FP: P=0.009), a higher odds of pleurisy lesions (FP: OR=20.91; P\u003c0.001 and second half of the FP: OR=40.85; P\u003c0.001) and a higher number of nPCR positive nasal samples (FP: OR=328.00; P=0.01 and second half of the FP: OR=185.49; P=0.02). Increasing NH3 concentrations in the univariable model resulted in a higher odds of pleurisy lesions (FP: OR=21.54; P=0.003) and a higher number of nPCR positive nasal samples (FP: OR=70.39; P=0.049; second half of the FP: OR=8275.05; P=0.01). In the multivariable model, an increasing PM10 concentration resulted in a higher odds of pleurisy lesions (FP: OR=8.85; P=0.049). These findings indicate that the respiratory health of finishing pigs was significantly affected by PM10.","KEGG Entries":[{"Id":"D02916","Interactions":[],"Synonyms":["Ammonia solution, strong","Ammonia"]},{"Id":"D04594","Interactions":[],"Synonyms":["Ammonia water"]}],"MeSH Headers":[{"Id":"M0000981","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0000981.html","Name":"Ammonia","Ref":128},{"Id":"DescTree","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":"MeSH Tree","Ref":130},{"Id":"PubMed from MeSH","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":null,"Ref":155}],"Mechanism of Action":"Renal excretion and metabolism of ammonia is critical in regulation of acid-base balance by generating bicarbonate ions and promoting renal net acid excretion, both under basal conditions and in response to acid-base disturbances. There is evidence that acute ammonia exposure activates NMDA receptor signalling pathways, and high concentrations of ammonia resulting from urea cycle enzyme deficiencies are associated with changes in astrocyte morphology due to glutamine accumulation, changes in the expression of key astrocyte proteins, and increased concentrations of neuroactive L-tryptophan metabolites.","Melting Point":"-107.9 °F (EPA, 1998)","Metabolism/Metabolites":"Healthy hepatocytes detoxify ammonia where hepatic glutaminase, glutamine synthetase and the urea cycle enzymes act as major enzymes for ammonia metabolism. Ammonia is converted to urea in the liver and other tissues. Glutaminase and glutamine synthetase catalyze the condensation of ammonia with glutamate to glutamine, which is a common nontoxic carrier of ammonia. In case of hepatic dysfunction or impairment, detoxification capacity decreases and may cause severe pathologies from hyperammonemia, such as hepatic encephalopathy.","MolecularFormula":"H\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eN","MolecularWeight":"17.031 g/mol","Non-Human Toxicity Values":"LC50 Rabbit inhalation 7,050 mg/cu m/1 hr","Odor":"Sharp, cloying, repellent","Pharmacodynamics":"As a gas, ammonia is a natural byproduct and respiratory stimulant. Its renal metabolism plays a role in whole body acid-base balance.","Physical Description":"Ammonia solutions (containing more than 35% but not more than 50% ammonia) appears as a clear colorless liquid consisting of ammonia dissolved in water. Corrosive to tissue and metals. Although ammonia is lighter than air, the vapors from a leak will initially hug the ground. Long term exposure to low concentrations or short term exposure to high concentrations may result in adverse health conditions from inhalation. Prolonged exposure of containers to fire or heat may result in their violent rupturing and rocketing.","PubChemId":222,"Records":{"UNII":{"Impurities":[]}},"RefChem":"6611","RefCount":3,"RefCur":"","References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia","Name":"Ammonia","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4087","Name":"Ammonia","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/DB11118","Name":"Ammonia","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/222","Name":"Ammonia","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7664-41-7","Name":"Ammonia","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0000051","Name":"Ammonia","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C00014","Name":"Ammonia","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/5138Q19F1X","Name":"Ammonia","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID0023872","Name":"Ammonia","Sub":false}]}],"Refs":["National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 222, ammonia. Accessed May 12, 2026. \u003ca href=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/222\u003ehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/222\u003c/a\u003e","U.S. Food and Drug Administration; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Ammonia. UNII: 5138Q19F1X. Global Substance Registration System. Accessed May 12, 2026. \u003ca href=https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/5138Q19F1X\u003ehttps://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/5138Q19F1X\u003c/a\u003e"],"Reported Fatal Dose":"2500 to 4500 ppm over 30 minutes for an adult human. (L958)","SMILES":"N","SaltData":[],"Salts":[],"Solubility":"34 % (NIOSH, 2024)","Stability/Shelf Life":"Stable under recommended storage conditions.","StereoisomerData":[],"Stereoisomers":[],"Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 11.802 7.53\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#fff\"/\u003e\u003cdesc\u003eGenerated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk)\u003c/desc\u003e\u003cg fill=\"#3050f8\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M0 0h12v8H0z\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"mol\"\u003e\u003cg class=\"atom\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M4.441 5.459h-.72L1.102 1.393h-.03l.03.596q.024.357.024.732v2.738H.56V.56h.714l2.608 4.054h.03l-.018-.327-.024-.477q-.006-.262-.006-.482V.56h.577zM8.748 5.459h-.619V3.173H5.616v2.286h-.613V.56h.613v2.072h2.513V.56h.619zM11.152 4.677q0 .297-.164.472t-.446.232v.014q.357.043.528.225.172.179.172.472 0 .257-.122.457-.118.196-.368.311-.246.11-.635.11-.233 0-.429-.035-.197-.036-.379-.125v-.34q.186.09.397.143.214.05.414.05.393 0 .568-.153.175-.154.175-.425 0-.276-.218-.397-.214-.121-.603-.121h-.286v-.311h.289q.361 0 .547-.15.189-.154.189-.404 0-.214-.143-.332t-.393-.118q-.236 0-.407.072-.168.067-.332.175l-.182-.247q.157-.121.389-.211.232-.092.529-.092.46 0 .685.207.225.203.225.521\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e","Therapeutic Uses":"Reflex respiratory stimulant. /Ammonia water-10%/","Title":"Ammonia","Toxicity Data":"LC50 (rat) = 2,000 ppm/4H","Treatment":"Acute Exposure: EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.\n\nChronic Exposure: Intravenous arginine (argininosuccinase deficiency), sodium phenylbutyrate and sodium benzoate (ornithine transcarbamoylase deficiency) are pharmacologic agents commonly used as adjunctive therapy to treat hyperammonemia in patients.","UNII":"5138Q19F1X","Wikidata":"Q4087","Wikipedia":"Ammonia","XLogP":-0.7,"pH":"pH of 1.0N aqueous solution 11.6; 0.1N aqueous solution 11.1; 0.01N aqueous solution 10.6"}