{"Abbreviation":["1,4-BDO"],"Absorption, Distribution and Excretion":"The illicit use and abuse of 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) results from its presumed conversion to gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and subsequent pharmacological effects via action on GABA-B and GHB-specific receptors. Using in vivo microdialysis we measured the appearance of GHB in the striata of rats after peripheral 1,4-BD administration. We developed and utilized an HPLC-UV (215 nm) detection of GHB that yielded a limit of quantification (S/N=10) of 2.0 micro g/mL (40 ng/injection) and a limit of detection (S/N=3) of 0.75 micro g/mL (15 ng/injection). GHB appeared in the striatal microdialysates within 20 min after intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of varying doses of 1,4-BD. GHB concentrations reached dose-dependent maxima 80-100 min post-1,4-BD administration, with peak values of 10.6+/-2.9, 25.3+/-3.4 and 48.1+/-7.1 micro g/mL (mean+/-S.E.M.), corresponding to 1,4-BD doses of 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg, respectively. The conversion of 1,4-BD to GHB was completely prevented by the alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor 4-methylpyrazole (4MP), administered prior to 1,4-BD, as evidenced by the failure of GHB to appear in the striatal microdialysates. Sleep times in animals were similarly correlated with GHB concentrations in the microdialysates.","Adverse Effects":"Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome","Aliases":["Butane-1,4-diol","Tetramethylene glycol","1,4-Butylene glycol","1,4-Dihydroxybutane","1,4-Tetramethylene glycol","Sucol B","Tetramethylene 1,4-diol","DIOL 14B","1,4-BD","Agrisynth B1D","Dtxsid2024666","NSC-406696","Dtxcid804666","Chebi:41189","203-786-5","615-930-8","HO(CH2)4OH","Mfcd00002968","NSC 406696","Hoch2ch2ch2ch2oh","1,4-butane-d8-diol","BDO","BU1","Cas-110-63-4","CCRIS 5984","HSDB 1112","Einecs 203-786-5","Unii-7xoo2le6g3","Brn 1633445","AI3-07553","4-hydroxybutanol","1,4butanediol","1.4-butanediol","Dabco BDO","1,4-butandiol","1,4-butane diol","1,4-butane-diol","butane 1,4-diol","butane diol-1,4","butane-1-4-diol","1,4- butandiol","Butan-1.4-diol","1.4 - butanediol","1,4 butylene glycol","28324-25-6","1,4-Butandiole","1,4-Butanediol, 99%","Ec 203-786-5","WLN: Q4Q","Schembl15086","Schembl37466","4-01-00-02515","Mls001061198","Schembl147812","Schembl274098","Schembl450190","Chembl171623","Schembl2474818","Schembl2547242","Schembl28090371","HMS3039N12","LBA68444","LLA01295","NBA27425","WCA76076","ZCA82949","Tox21_202245","Tox21_303040","NSC406696","Akos000118735","1,4-Butanediol, for synthesis, 98%","CS-W016669","DB01955","1,4-Butanediol, ReagentPlus(R), 99%","Msk001746-1000a","Ncgc00090733-01","Ncgc00090733-02","Ncgc00257119-01","Ncgc00259794-01","BP-21418","Smr000677930","1,4-Butanediol, ReagentPlus(R), \u003e=99%","Polytetramethylene Ether Glycol Polyol 220","B0680","NS00006936","F71206","1,4-Butanediol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%","Polytetramethylene ether glycol, Poly THF, Polymeg","1,4-Butanediol Solution in Acetonitrile, 1000ug/mL","F0001-0222","InChI=1/C4H10O2/c5-3-1-2-4-6/h5-6H,1-4H","Polycaprolactone-block-polytetrahydrofuran-block-polycaprolactone"],"Associated Disorders and Diseases":"Encephalopathy, chronic solvent [Category: Chronic Poisoning]","Boiling Point":"446 °","CAS":"110-63-4","ChemicalClasses":[],"Chirality":"achiral","Color/Form":"Colorless, oily liquid","Decomposition":"When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.","Density":"1.017 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink g/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e","Drug Warnings":"15 or 30 g of 1,4-butanediol (0.21 or 0.43 g/kg bw) was rectally administered to 7 patients. After 10 to 20 minutes, the patients became /comatose/ after deep unconsciousness, miosis and complete areflexia and this condition continued for 1 to 16 hr. Two of them died within 72 hours after the administration, but other five patients recovered naturally or after treatment with analeptic. Sustained disorder was not observed. Renal disorder was found on two /dead/ patients.","Ecotoxicity Values":"EC50; Species: Selenastrum capricornutum (Algae); Conditions: static; Concentration: \u003e1000 mg/L for 72 hr; Effect: growth measured by biomass change /from table/","Erowid Experience Reports":[{"Author":"shinybeast","Id":17290,"Title":"Gently Hugging the Body"},{"Author":"III","Id":84622,"Title":"Not Worth It"},{"Author":"anonymous","Id":99892,"Title":"Helpful for Me"},{"Author":"bill","Id":114217,"Title":"Good Anxiolytic, Okay Recreational Substance"},{"Author":"ThirdCultureDude","Id":116239,"Title":"I Expected This to Help Me"},{"Author":"S. Kamack","Id":13412,"Title":"For Growth Hormone"},{"Author":"Cimora","Id":637,"Title":"Whats All the Fuss About?"},{"Author":"Catfish Rivers","Id":3716,"Title":"Dreaming Without Sleeping"},{"Author":"JG","Id":13326,"Title":"Used as an Antidepressant"},{"Author":"Itsuoda","Id":13226,"Title":"Nasty Headache"},{"Author":"Sasha","Id":10734,"Title":"A Nice High Turned Nightmarish"},{"Author":"Tom","Id":10449,"Title":"Not All People Experience Addiction"},{"Author":"Anonymous","Id":10082,"Title":"1,4-B Is Not a Toy"},{"Author":"Ashley","Id":9750,"Title":"Never Again"},{"Author":"Mr. Hazlitt","Id":9417,"Title":"Quite Synergistic Subcutaneous Experiment"},{"Author":"Daphne","Id":9125,"Title":"Start Small and Take 1/2 of That"},{"Author":"pov","Id":13977,"Title":"A Wife's Point of View"},{"Author":"Meat Nipples","Id":14352,"Title":"Toxicity After Infrequent Use"},{"Author":"DrStawBrain","Id":116987,"Title":"Blissful Synergy"},{"Author":"G-head","Id":85107,"Title":"Not a Good Idea"},{"Author":"jarmen","Id":114210,"Title":"Relaxed, Pro Social"},{"Author":"Dirk","Id":45533,"Title":"As Easy as Pie"},{"Author":"brainbug","Id":41191,"Title":"Mischt es Nicht!"},{"Author":"rollergirl76","Id":25481,"Title":"Most Intense Pleasure"},{"Author":"Grug","Id":22604,"Title":"Life Force"},{"Author":"Graham","Id":18264,"Title":"Tips for Withdrawing"}],"Esters":[],"European Community (EC) Number":"203-786-5","Flash Point":"247 °F (NTP, 1992)","Formating":[],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0244201","HeavyAtomCount":6,"IUPACName":"butane-1,4-diol","Impurities":"Min purity (by GLC) 99%","InChI":"InChI=1S/C4H10O2/c5-3-1-2-4-6/h5-6H,1-4H2","InChIKey":"WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N","Interactions":"The conversion of 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) to gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), a drug of abuse, is most probably catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase, and potentially by aldehyde dehydrogenase. The purpose of this study was to investigate the degradation of 1,4-BD in cytosolic supernatant of human liver in vitro, and to verify involvement of the suggested enzymes by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The coingestion of 1,4-BD and ethanol (EtOH) might cause complex pharmacokinetic interactions in humans. Therefore, the effect of EtOH on 1,4-BD metabolism by human liver was examined in vitro. Additionally, the influence of acetaldehyde (AL), which might inhibit the second step of 1,4-BD degradation, was investigated. In case of a 1,4-BD intoxication, the alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor fomepizole (4-methylpyrazole, FOM) has been discussed as an antidote preventing the formation of the central nervous system depressing GHB. Besides FOM, we tested pyrazole, disulfiram, and cimetidine as possible inhibitors of the formation of GHB from 1,4-BD catalyzed by human liver enzymes in vitro. The conversion of 1,4-BD to GHB was inhibited competitively by EtOH with an apparent K(i) of 0.56 mM. Therefore, the coingestion of 1,4-BD and EtOH might increase the concentrations and the effects of 1,4-BD itself. By contrast AL accelerated the formation of GHB. All antidotes showed the ability to inhibit the formation of GHB. In comparison FOM showed the highest inhibitory effectiveness. Furthermore, the results confirm strong involvement of ADH in 1,4-BD metabolism by human liver.","MeSH Headers":[{"Id":"M0118642","Link":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/M0118642.html","Name":"1,4-butanediol","Ref":73},{"Id":"DescTree","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":"MeSH Tree","Ref":74},{"Id":"PubMed from MeSH","Link":"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html","Name":null,"Ref":93}],"Melting Point":"61 °","Metabolism/Metabolites":"Metabolically converted to the CNS depressant, gamma-hydroxybutyrate, (GHB).","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e","MolecularWeight":"90.12 g/mol","Non-Human Toxicity Values":"LD50 Rat oral 1525 mg/kg","Odor":"Almost odorless","Physical Description":"1,4-butanediol appears as odorless colorless liquid or solid (depending upon temperature). (USCG, 1999)","PubChemId":8064,"Record Description":["Wikipedia|List of designer drugs|Sedatives|GHB analogues"],"Records":{"UNII":{"Impurities":[]}},"RefChem":"6711","RefCount":3,"RefCur":"","References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,4-Butanediol","Name":"1,4-Butanediol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161521","Name":"1,4-Butanediol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"DrugBank","Urls":[{"Link":"https://go.drugbank.com/DB01955","Name":"1,4-Butanediol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/8064","Name":"1,4-Butanediol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=110-63-4","Name":"1,4-Butanediol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0244201","Name":"1,4-Butanediol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/7XOO2LE6G3","Name":"1,4-Butanediol","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID2024666","Name":"1,4-Butanediol","Sub":false}]}],"Refs":["National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 8064, 1,4-Butanediol. Accessed May 7, 2026. \u003ca href=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/8064\u003ehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/8064\u003c/a\u003e","U.S. Food and Drug Administration; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. 1,4-Butanediol. UNII: 7XOO2LE6G3. Global Substance Registration System. Accessed May 7, 2026. \u003ca href=https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/7XOO2LE6G3\u003ehttps://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/7XOO2LE6G3\u003c/a\u003e"],"SMILES":"C(CCO)CO","SaltData":[],"Salts":[],"Solubility":"greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 73 °F (NTP, 1992)","Stability/Shelf Life":"Stable under recommended storage conditions.","StereoisomerData":[],"Stereoisomers":[],"Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 80.242 13.782\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#fff\"/\u003e\u003cdesc\u003eGenerated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk)\u003c/desc\u003e\u003cg fill=\"#ff0d0d\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\".7\"\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M0 0h81v14H0z\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"mol\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m46.72 10.701-13.198-7.62M33.522 3.081l-13.198 7.62M20.324 10.701l-9.923-5.729M46.72 10.701l13.198-7.62M59.918 3.081l9.915 5.724\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg stroke=\"none\" class=\"atom\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M9.385 3.078q0 .756-.256 1.328-.256.565-.756.881-.5.315-1.245.315-.756 0-1.262-.315-.506-.316-.756-.887-.244-.572-.244-1.334 0-.75.244-1.309.25-.566.756-.881T7.14.56q.733 0 1.233.316.5.309.756.875.256.565.256 1.327m-3.864 0q0 .923.387 1.459.393.53 1.22.53.84 0 1.221-.53.387-.536.387-1.459 0-.929-.387-1.452-.381-.524-1.209-.524-.833 0-1.226.524-.393.523-.393 1.452M4.305 5.531h-.62V3.245H1.173v2.286H.56v-4.9h.613v2.072h2.512V.631h.62z\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cg stroke=\"none\" class=\"atom\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M75.376 10.698q0 .756-.256 1.328-.256.565-.756.881-.5.315-1.244.315-.757 0-1.263-.315-.506-.316-.756-.887-.244-.572-.244-1.334 0-.75.244-1.309.25-.566.756-.881t1.274-.316q.733 0 1.233.316.5.309.756.875.256.565.256 1.327m-3.864 0q0 .923.387 1.459.393.53 1.221.53.839 0 1.22-.53.387-.536.387-1.459 0-.929-.387-1.452-.381-.524-1.209-.524-.833 0-1.226.524-.393.523-.393 1.452M79.682 13.151h-.619v-2.286h-2.512v2.286h-.614v-4.9h.614v2.072h2.512V8.251h.619z\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#ff0d0d\" d=\"m10.401 4.972 4.962 2.865M10.401 4.972l4.962 2.865M69.833 8.805l-4.957-2.862\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e","Therapeutic Uses":"/EXPL THER/: Two studies have been identified concerning the use of 1,4-butanediol as a sedative. The favorable sedative effect of 4-hydroxybutyric acid-sodium in the treatment of intensive-care patients had the disadvantage that the patients were given too much sodium (1g sodium hydroxybutyrate is equivalent to 180 mg sodium). Attempts were therefore made to use the parent compound, 1,4-butanediol , directly. A single iv injection of ...1,4-butanediol... /was/ given to each of 3 artificially ventilated patients (19 to 43 years of age) caused 2 of the patients to fall asleep for 60 minutes and 3 hours, respectively. In 1 of these patients, no pain occurred for 45 to 60 minutes after the injection. The patients fell asleep 5 to 10 minutes after the injection. For 2.5 to 3 hours after administration, the tendon reflexes were absent. Cardiovascular and hematological parameters, liver and kidney function, body temperature and swallowing reflex were unaffected. The plasma 4-hydroxybutyric acid level was 150 to 180 ug/mL in all 3 patients 20 to 30 minutes after the injection. Iv injection of /a lesser dose/ caused only a slight reduction in spontaneous movement, in particular, eye movements (1 patient studied). Three further patients (23 to 40 years), 1 patient with cerebral contusion, the other two patients with no neurological abnormalities), were given an initial dose ...iv followed by an iv infusion ...for 38 or 68 hours... . The infusions had to be briefly interrupted due to medical or technical problems, and/or additional bolus injections were given. 1,4-Butanediol caused sleep as well as loss of swallowing and tendon reflexes during the entire infusion period. In 2 of the patients, restlessness occurred during infusion, and in 1, periodic contractions of the muscles of the extremities. Changes in liver and kidney function and in hematological parameters were not seen in the patients either during or at the end of infusion, nor were any treatment-related neurological effects observed.","Title":"1,4-Butanediol","Toxicity Data":"LCLo (rat) = 15,000 mg/m3/4h","UNII":"7XOO2LE6G3","Wikidata":"Q161521","Wikipedia":"1,4-Butanediol","XLogP":-0.8}